{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "uri"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.12.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "uri"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.13.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.13.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "uri"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-61594"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-212"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-30T21:07:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-30T21:15:43Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nIn affected URI version, a bypass exists for the fix to CVE-2025-27221 that can expose user credentials.\n\nWhen using the `+` operator to combine URIs, sensitive information like passwords from the original URI can be leaked, violating RFC3986 and making applications vulnerable to credential exposure.\n\nThe vulnerability affects the `uri` gem bundled with the following Ruby series:\n\n* 0.12.4 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.2 series)\n* 0.13.2 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.3 series)\n* 1.0.3 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.4 series)\n\n### Patches\n\nUpgrade to 0.12.5, 0.13.3 or 1.0.4\n\n### References\n\n* https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/02/26/security-advisories/\n* https://hackerone.com/reports/2957667",
  "id": "GHSA-j4pr-3wm6-xx2r",
  "modified": "2026-04-24T13:42:05Z",
  "published": "2025-12-30T21:07:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri/security/advisories/GHSA-j4pr-3wm6-xx2r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61594"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/20157e3e29b125ff41f1d9662e2e3b1d066f5902"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/7e521b2da0833d964aab43019e735aea674e1c2c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/d3116ca66a3b1c97dc7577f9d2d6e353f391cd6a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2957667"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-22h5-pq3x-2gf2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/uri/CVE-2025-61594.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/02/26/security-advisories"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/10/07/uri-cve-2025-61594"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "URI Credential Leakage Bypass over CVE-2025-27221"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "cgi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.3.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "cgi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.3.6"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.3.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "0.3.6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "cgi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27220"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-03T22:05:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-04T00:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There is a possibility for Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) by in the cgi gem. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2025-27220. We recommend upgrading the cgi gem.\n\n## Details\n\nThe regular expression used in `CGI::Util#escapeElement` is vulnerable to ReDoS. The crafted input could lead to a high CPU consumption.\n\nThis vulnerability only affects Ruby 3.1 and 3.2. If you are using these versions, please update CGI gem to version 0.3.5.1, 0.3.7, 0.4.2 or later.\n\n## Affected versions\n\ncgi gem versions \u003c= 0.3.5, 0.3.6, 0.4.0 and 0.4.1.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to svalkanov for discovering this issue.\nAlso thanks to nobu for fixing this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-mhwm-jh88-3gjf",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:21Z",
  "published": "2025-03-03T22:05:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27220"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi/pull/52"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi/pull/53"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi/pull/54"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2890322"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/cgi/CVE-2025-27220.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00008.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27220"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/02/26/security-advisories"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "CGI has Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) potential in Util#escapeElement"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "sinatra"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-61921"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-10T20:28:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-10T20:15:38Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nThere is a denial of service vulnerability in the `If-Match` and `If-None-Match` header parsing component of Sinatra, if the `etag` method is used when constructing the response and you are using Ruby \u003c 3.2.\n\n### Details\n\nCarefully crafted input can cause `If-Match` and `If-None-Match` header parsing in Sinatra to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. This header is typically involved in generating the `ETag` header value. Any applications that use the `etag` method when generating a response are impacted if they are using Ruby below version 3.2.\n\n### Resources\n\n* https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/issues/2120 (report)\n* https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/2121 (fix)\n* https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/1823 (older ReDoS vulnerability)\n* https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19104 (fix in Ruby \u003e= 3.2)",
  "id": "GHSA-mr3q-g2mv-mr4q",
  "modified": "2025-10-13T15:46:28Z",
  "published": "2025-10-10T20:28:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/security/advisories/GHSA-mr3q-g2mv-mr4q"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61921"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/issues/2120"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/1823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/2121"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/commit/3fe8c38dc405586f7ad8f2ac748aa53e9c3615bd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/commit/8ff496bd4877520599e1479d6efead39304edceb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19104"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/sinatra/CVE-2025-61921.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Sinatra is vulnerable to ReDoS through ETag header value generation"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.19"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-61770"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-07T17:26:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-07T15:16:02Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`Rack::Multipart::Parser` buffers the entire multipart **preamble** (bytes before the first boundary) in memory without any size limit. A client can send a large preamble followed by a valid boundary, causing significant memory use and potential process termination due to out-of-memory (OOM) conditions.\n\n## Details\n\nWhile searching for the first boundary, the parser appends incoming data into a shared buffer (`@sbuf.concat(content)`) and scans for the boundary pattern:\n\n```ruby\n@sbuf.scan_until(@body_regex)\n```\n\nIf the boundary is not yet found, the parser continues buffering data indefinitely. There is no trimming or size cap on the preamble, allowing attackers to send arbitrary amounts of data before the first boundary.\n\n## Impact\n\nRemote attackers can trigger large transient memory spikes by including a long preamble in multipart/form-data requests. The impact scales with allowed request sizes and concurrency, potentially causing worker crashes or severe slowdown due to garbage collection.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n* **Upgrade:** Use a patched version of Rack that enforces a preamble size limit (e.g., 16 KiB) or discards preamble data entirely per [RFC 2046 \u00a7 5.1.1](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046.html#section-5.1.1).\n* **Workarounds:**\n  * Limit total request body size at the proxy or web server level.\n  * Monitor memory and set per-process limits to prevent OOM conditions.",
  "id": "GHSA-p543-xpfm-54cp",
  "modified": "2025-10-13T15:29:37Z",
  "published": "2025-10-07T17:26:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-p543-xpfm-54cp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61770"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/589127f4ac8b5cf11cf88fb0cd116ffed4d2181e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/d869fed663b113b95a74ad53e1b5cae6ab31f29e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/e08f78c656c9394d6737c022bde087e0f33336fd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-61770.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Rack\u0027s unbounded multipart preamble buffering enables DoS (memory exhaustion)"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0-beta9"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.25.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-68161"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-297"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-19T22:08:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-18T21:15:57Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Socket Appender in Apache Log4j Core versions 2.0-beta9 through 2.25.2 does not perform TLS hostname verification of the peer certificate, even when the  [verifyHostName](https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/appenders/network.html#SslConfiguration-attr-verifyHostName)  configuration attribute or the  [log4j2.sslVerifyHostName](https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/systemproperties.html#log4j2.sslVerifyHostName) system property is set to true.\n\nThis issue may allow a man-in-the-middle attacker to intercept or redirect log traffic under the following conditions:\n\n  *  The attacker is able to intercept or redirect network traffic between the client and the log receiver.\n  *  The attacker can present a server certificate issued by a certification authority trusted by the Socket Appender\u2019s configured trust store (or by the default Java trust store if no custom trust store is configured).\n\n\nUsers are advised to upgrade to Apache Log4j Core version 2.25.3, which addresses this issue.\n\nAs an alternative mitigation, the Socket Appender may be configured to use a private or restricted trust root to limit the set of trusted certificates.",
  "id": "GHSA-vc5p-v9hr-52mj",
  "modified": "2025-12-19T22:08:02Z",
  "published": "2025-12-18T21:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68161"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2/pull/4002"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2/commit/3b93748497e1adbbd027fda8a5e7268ec5d0d578"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/xr33kyxq3sl67lwb61ggvm1fzc8k7dvx"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://logging.apache.org/cyclonedx/vdr.xml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/appenders/network.html#SslConfiguration-attr-verifyHostName"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/systemproperties.html#log4j2.sslVerifyHostName"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://logging.apache.org/security.html#CVE-2025-68161"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/18/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Log4j does not verify the TLS hostname in its Socket Appender"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.19"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-61771"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-07T17:27:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-07T15:16:03Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`Rack::Multipart::Parser` stores non-file form fields (parts without a `filename`) entirely in memory as Ruby `String` objects. A single large text field in a multipart/form-data request (hundreds of megabytes or more) can consume equivalent process memory, potentially leading to out-of-memory (OOM) conditions and denial of service (DoS).\n\n## Details\n\nDuring multipart parsing, file parts are streamed to temporary files, but non-file parts are buffered into memory:\n\n```ruby\nbody = String.new  # non-file \u2192 in-RAM buffer\n@mime_parts[mime_index].body \u003c\u003c content\n```\n\nThere is no size limit on these in-memory buffers. As a result, any large text field\u2014while technically valid\u2014will be loaded fully into process memory before being added to `params`.\n\n## Impact\n\nAttackers can send large non-file fields to trigger excessive memory usage. Impact scales with request size and concurrency, potentially leading to worker crashes or severe garbage-collection overhead. All Rack applications processing multipart form submissions are affected.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n* **Upgrade:** Use a patched version of Rack that enforces a reasonable size cap for non-file fields (e.g., 2 MiB).\n* **Workarounds:**\n  * Restrict maximum request body size at the web-server or proxy layer (e.g., Nginx `client_max_body_size`).\n  * Validate and reject unusually large form fields at the application level.",
  "id": "GHSA-w9pc-fmgc-vxvw",
  "modified": "2025-10-13T15:29:51Z",
  "published": "2025-10-07T17:27:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-w9pc-fmgc-vxvw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61771"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/589127f4ac8b5cf11cf88fb0cd116ffed4d2181e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/d869fed663b113b95a74ad53e1b5cae6ab31f29e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/e08f78c656c9394d6737c022bde087e0f33336fd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-61771.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Rack: Multipart parser buffers large non\u2011file fields entirely in memory, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.19"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-61772"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-07T17:28:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-07T15:16:03Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`Rack::Multipart::Parser` can accumulate unbounded data when a multipart part\u2019s header block never terminates with the required blank line (`CRLFCRLF`). The parser keeps appending incoming bytes to memory without a size cap, allowing a remote attacker to exhaust memory and cause a denial of service (DoS).\n\n## Details\n\nWhile reading multipart headers, the parser waits for `CRLFCRLF` using:\n\n```ruby\n@sbuf.scan_until(/(.*?\\r\\n)\\r\\n/m)\n```\n\nIf the terminator never appears, it continues appending data (`@sbuf.concat(content)`) indefinitely. There is no limit on accumulated header bytes, so a single malformed part can consume memory proportional to the request body size.\n\n## Impact\n\nAttackers can send incomplete multipart headers to trigger high memory use, leading to process termination (OOM) or severe slowdown. The effect scales with request size limits and concurrency. All applications handling multipart uploads may be affected.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n* Upgrade to a patched Rack version that caps per-part header size (e.g., 64 KiB).\n* Until then, restrict maximum request sizes at the proxy or web server layer (e.g., Nginx `client_max_body_size`).",
  "id": "GHSA-wpv5-97wm-hp9c",
  "modified": "2025-10-13T15:30:01Z",
  "published": "2025-10-07T17:28:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-wpv5-97wm-hp9c"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61772"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/589127f4ac8b5cf11cf88fb0cd116ffed4d2181e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/d869fed663b113b95a74ad53e1b5cae6ab31f29e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/e08f78c656c9394d6737c022bde087e0f33336fd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-61772.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Rack\u0027s multipart parser buffers unbounded per-part headers, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)"
}