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    "datePublished": "2026-05-30T12:13:45.594Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.107Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:30:41.557Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nio-wq: check that the predecessor is hashed in io_wq_remove_pending()\n\nio_wq_remove_pending() needs to fix up wq-\u003ehash_tail[] if the cancelled\nwork was the tail of its hash bucket. When doing this, it checks whether\nthe preceding entry in acct-\u003ework_list has the same hash value, but\nnever checks that the predecessor is hashed at all. io_get_work_hash()\nis simply atomic_read(\u0026work-\u003eflags) \u003e\u003e IO_WQ_HASH_SHIFT, and the hash\nbits are never set for non-hashed work, so it returns 0. Thus, when a\nhashed bucket-0 work is cancelled while a non-hashed work is its list\npredecessor, the check spuriously passes and a pointer to the non-hashed\nio_kiocb is stored in wq-\u003ehash_tail[0].\n\nBecause non-hashed work is dequeued via the fast path in\nio_get_next_work(), which never touches hash_tail[], the stale pointer\nis never cleared. Therefore, after the non-hashed io_kiocb completes and\nis freed back to req_cachep, wq-\u003ehash_tail[0] is a dangling pointer. The\nio_wq is per-task (tctx-\u003eio_wq) and survives ring open/close, so the\ndangling pointer persists for the lifetime of the task; the next hashed\nbucket-0 enqueue dereferences it in io_wq_insert_work() and\nwq_list_add_after() writes through freed memory.\n\nAdd the missing io_wq_is_hashed() check so a non-hashed predecessor\nnever inherits a hash_tail[] slot."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only through io_uring syscalls (io_uring_setup/io_uring_enter) that enqueue and cancel async io-wq work; there is no network, adjacent-radio, or physical-device entry path to io_wq_remove_pending().\nAC:L - An attacker fully controls the trigger sequence\u2014queue a non-hashed async request, queue a hashed bucket-0 request behind it, cancel the hashed pending work, let the non-hashed work complete, then enqueue another hashed bucket-0 request\u2014with no dependence on uncontrollable timing or rare kernel configuration.\nPR:L - Any unprivileged local user who can invoke io_uring (default when kernel.io_uring_disabled=0) can drive the cancel/enqueue sequence; no real-root or special capability beyond normal local process access is required.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only the attacker\u0027s own io_uring submissions and cancellations; no victim user action such as opening files or mounting filesystems is needed beyond what the attacker initiates.\nS:U - The flaw corrupts kernel heap memory within the same kernel security domain to escalate from local user to kernel privileges; it does not inherently cross a VM/host or IOMMU boundary on its own.\nC:H - The stale hash_tail pointer is a use-after-free of a freed io_kiocb slab object; subsequent dereferences in io_wq_insert_work() read freed memory and UAF heap corruption is routinely weaponizable for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - io_wq_insert_work() calls wq_list_add_after(), which writes attacker-influenced list pointers through the freed io_kiocb\u0027s list.next field, providing a controlled heap write primitive suitable for further memory corruption or code execution.\nA:H - Dereferencing and writing through the dangling hash_tail pointer can cause kernel oops/panic from invalid slab access, and successful heap corruption can crash or hang the system even before full exploitation."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:30:57.842Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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      "references": [
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d6bda9df0c0a3080804181464d5c0f4d78a4e769"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5a20ebf0c81b61f5ea3b1b529c100cad69b9f603"
        },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/252c5051dba9c709b6a72f2866f93e5e618b3f06"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d6a2d7b04b5a093021a7a0e2e69e9d5237dfa8cc"
        }
      ],
      "title": "io-wq: check that the predecessor is hashed in io_wq_remove_pending()",
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        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-46274",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-08T14:30:53.323Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.109Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:30:57.842Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
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              "status": "affected",
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              "status": "unaffected",
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: act_ct: Only release RCU read lock after ct_ft\n\nWhen looking up a flow table in act_ct in tcf_ct_flow_table_get(),\nrhashtable_lookup_fast() internally opens and closes an RCU read critical\nsection before returning ct_ft.\nThe tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() can complete before refcount_inc_not_zero()\nis invoked on the returned ct_ft resulting in a UAF on the already freed ct_ft\nobject. This vulnerability can lead to privilege escalation.\n\nAnalysis from zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com:\nWhen initializing act_ct, tcf_ct_init() is called, which internally triggers\ntcf_ct_flow_table_get().\n\nstatic int tcf_ct_flow_table_get(struct net *net, struct tcf_ct_params *params)\n\n{\n                struct zones_ht_key key = { .net = net, .zone = params-\u003ezone };\n                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;\n                int err = -ENOMEM;\n\n                mutex_lock(\u0026zones_mutex);\n                ct_ft = rhashtable_lookup_fast(\u0026zones_ht, \u0026key, zones_params); // [1]\n                if (ct_ft \u0026\u0026 refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref)) // [2]\n                                goto out_unlock;\n                ...\n}\n\nstatic __always_inline void *rhashtable_lookup_fast(\n                struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key,\n                const struct rhashtable_params params)\n{\n                void *obj;\n\n                rcu_read_lock();\n                obj = rhashtable_lookup(ht, key, params);\n                rcu_read_unlock();\n\n                return obj;\n}\n\nAt [1], rhashtable_lookup_fast() looks up and returns the corresponding ct_ft\nfrom zones_ht . The lookup is performed within an RCU read critical section\nthrough rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock(), which prevents the object from\nbeing freed. However, at the point of function return, rcu_read_unlock() has\nalready been called, and there is nothing preventing ct_ft from being freed\nbefore reaching refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref) at [2]. This interval becomes\nthe race window, during which ct_ft can be freed.\n\nFree Process:\n\ntcf_ct_flow_table_put() is executed through the path tcf_ct_cleanup() call_rcu()\ntcf_ct_params_free_rcu() tcf_ct_params_free() tcf_ct_flow_table_put().\n\nstatic void tcf_ct_flow_table_put(struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft)\n{\n                if (refcount_dec_and_test(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref)) {\n                                rhashtable_remove_fast(\u0026zones_ht, \u0026ct_ft-\u003enode, zones_params);\n                                INIT_RCU_WORK(\u0026ct_ft-\u003erwork, tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work); // [3]\n                                queue_rcu_work(act_ct_wq, \u0026ct_ft-\u003erwork);\n                }\n}\n\nAt [3], tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() is scheduled as RCU work\n\nstatic void tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work(struct work_struct *work)\n\n{\n                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;\n                struct flow_block *block;\n\n                ct_ft = container_of(to_rcu_work(work), struct tcf_ct_flow_table,\n                                                                rwork);\n                nf_flow_table_free(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft);\n                block = \u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block;\n                down_write(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block_lock);\n                WARN_ON(!list_empty(\u0026block-\u003ecb_list));\n                up_write(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block_lock);\n                kfree(ct_ft); // [4]\n\n                module_put(THIS_MODULE);\n}\n\ntcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() frees ct_ft at [4]. When this function executes\nbetween [1] and [2], UAF occurs.\n\nThis race condition has a very short race window, making it generally\ndifficult to trigger. Therefore, to trigger the vulnerability an msleep(100) was\ninserted after[1]"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The UAF is triggered only during act_ct TC action configuration via RTM_NEWACTION/RTM_DELACTION or RTM_NEWTFILTER netlink messages, not by processing remote network packets. Per kernel guidance, tc/netlink qdisc paths are Local attack vector.\nAC:L - The race is between flow-table lookup and refcount increment during concurrent create/delete/replace of ct actions, and an attacker with CAP_NET_ADMIN controls both sides by issuing parallel netlink operations on actions sharing the same zone. UAF races where the attacker controls timing are scored AC:L.\nPR:L - All non-GET rtnetlink TC operations require CAP_NET_ADMIN, checked in rtnetlink_rcv_msg() and tc_ctl_action(). CAP_NET_ADMIN is obtainable by an unprivileged user inside a user+network namespace (unshare -Urn), which per kernel guidance is PR:L not PR:H.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only the attacker\u0027s own netlink configuration traffic; no victim user action such as opening a file or mounting a filesystem is needed.\nS:U - A successful exploit yields kernel-level privilege escalation within the same kernel security domain. This is standard local kernel compromise, not a cross-boundary escape such as VM guest-to-host or IOMMU bypass.\nC:H - The bug is a heap use-after-free on struct tcf_ct_flow_table during refcount_inc_not_zero() on memory that tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() may have already kfree()\u0027d. UAF on kernel heap objects enables arbitrary memory read primitives and is scored C:H.\nI:H - Freed tcf_ct_flow_table slabs can be reallocated and corrupted via the dangling refcount operation, providing heap manipulation primitives that ZDI and the fix commit describe as leading to privilege escalation. Memory corruption UAF is scored I:H.\nA:H - Hitting the UAF during refcount manipulation on freed memory can cause kernel oops/panic or deliberate denial of service, and UAF bugs inherently threaten availability even when exploitation is attempted. Any kernel crash or UAF is scored A:H."
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:31:14.097Z",
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        {
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        },
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        {
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              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable CephX decrypt path processes auth payloads received over the Ceph messenger TCP protocol from monitors/OSDs/MDSs. A malicious or compromised remote Ceph peer can supply the malformed auth frame during connection authentication.\nAC:L - The attacker controls the frame and ciphertext length needed to reach the missing plaintext-size check. No race or unusual victim state is required once the kernel client connects to the attacker-controlled peer.\nPR:N - The vulnerable parsing occurs in the authentication handshake before the remote peer has been authenticated by the kernel client. The attacker needs no privileges on the vulnerable system.\nUI:N - In a reasonable deployment, a configured kernel Ceph client connects or reconnects to its Ceph peers automatically. Exploitation does not require an interactive victim action at trigger time.\nS:U - The impact is within the kernel/client system processing the Ceph protocol. It does not cross a separate security authority such as a guest-to-host or IOMMU boundary.\nC:N - The bug is a bounded out-of-bounds read of the CephX encryption header magic field, but the read value is only compared internally and is not returned to the attacker. There is no practical information disclosure primitive.\nI:N - The vulnerable code performs no write based on the out-of-bounds access. The fix adds a read-side length check and there is no memory corruption or data modification path.\nA:H - The peer-controlled short plaintext can trigger an out-of-bounds kernel memory access in the auth receive path. Such kernel OOB accesses can produce an oops/panic or otherwise terminate the Ceph client connection, so availability impact is high."
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\naccel/ivpu: Add bounds checks for firmware log indices\n\nAdd validation that read and write indices in the firmware log buffer\nare within valid bounds (\u003c data_size) before using them. If\nout-of-bounds indices are encountered (from firmware), clamp them to\nsafe values instead of proceeding with invalid offsets.\n\nThis prevents potential out-of-bounds buffer access when firmware\nsupplies invalid log indices."
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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