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        {
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: s390: pci: Reject adapter interrupt forwarding if already enabled\n\nThe MPCIFC instruction doesn\u0027t allow registering adapter interrupts without\nfirst unregistering. So reject any request to enable interrupt forwarding\nif its already enabled for the zPCI device. This also fixes overwriting and\nthus leaking resources when the ioctl is called multiple times for the same\ndevice."
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              "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only through the KVM_S390_ZPCI_OP VM ioctl in arch/s390/kvm/kvm-s390.c; on IBM Z with zPCI passthrough, QEMU forwards guest mpcifc adapter-interrupt registration to this local ioctl path, not over the network.\nAC:L - An attacker with an assigned zPCI device can call KVM_S390_ZPCIOP_REG_AEN twice in a row without racing or special memory layout; each duplicate call deterministically re-enters kvm_s390_pci_aif_enable() and overwrites host bookkeeping.\nPR:L - Exploitation requires a KVM VM file descriptor and a VFIO-assigned zPCI device, i.e. control of the guest/VMM process (typical cloud tenant or qemu user), not init-namespace root; this cannot be reached from an unprivileged user namespace alone.\nUI:N - Once zPCI passthrough is configured, the guest or its VMM can issue duplicate registration on its own; no additional host administrator or victim user action is needed beyond normal device setup.\nS:C - A guest-triggered ioctl corrupts host-owned AIFT/GAITE state outside the VM security boundary, leaving orphaned summary-index entries that the host interrupt path later dereferences in hypervisor context.\nC:H - Duplicate enable overwrites zdev-\u003eaisb and leaks earlier GAITE/AIBV resources; on teardown aift-\u003ekzdev[orphaned_si] still points at freed kvm_zdev/kvm, so aen_host_forward() performs UAF reads of host hypervisor memory.\nI:H - Stale orphaned GAITE entries retain guest-chosen physical addresses and dangling kzdev pointers; aen_host_forward() can execute set_bit_inv() and further host-side writes through those corrupted structures during adapter-event delivery.\nA:H - Each duplicate REG_AEN leaks pinned guest pages, AIBV allocations, and summary bits without rollback when MPCIFC re-registration fails, enabling repeatable host memory exhaustion and kernel oops/panic via IRQ-time UAF dereferences."
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-74515",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-15T12:27:35.567Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-15T05:44:03.910Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T16:38:14.487Z",
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: SVM: Update x2APIC MSR intercepts if AVIC is inhibited while L2 is active\n\nAlways update x2APIC MSR intercepts for L1 when AVIC is deactivated, even\nif L2 is active and KVM is using a separate MSR bitmap to run L2.  If AVIC\nis fully enabled prior to running L2, and is then inhibited while L2 is\nactive (for a VM-scoped inhibit), then KVM will run L1 with AVIC disabled,\nbut with x2APIC MSR intercepts disabled, i.e. will allow L1 to read most of\nthe host\u0027s APIC state, send arbitrary interrupts, change task priority, and\nultimately trivially DoS the host.\n\nE.g. sending a self-IPI in L1 on HYPERV_REENLIGHTENMENT_VECTOR, 0xee, with\nCONFIG_HYPERV=n in the host kernel as a \"safe\" PoC, yields:\n\n  Spurious interrupt (vector 0xee) on CPU#425. Acked\n\nAnd hacking KVM to abuse kvm_set_posted_intr_wakeup_handler() to register a\nhandler and WARN on POSTED_INTR_WAKEUP_VECTOR yields:\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:5594 at pi_wakeup_handler+0x9/0x10 [kvm_amd], CPU#156: nested_x2apic_t/316940\n  CPU: 156 UID: 0 PID: 316940 Comm: nested_x2apic_t Tainted: G S   U\n  Tainted: [S]=CPU_OUT_OF_SPEC, [U]=USER\n  Hardware name: Google Astoria-Turin/astoria, BIOS 0.20260209.0-0 02/09/2026\n  RIP: 0010:pi_wakeup_handler+0x9/0x10 [kvm_amd]\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cIRQ\u003e\n   sysvec_kvm_posted_intr_wakeup_ipi+0x64/0x80\n   \u003c/IRQ\u003e\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   asm_sysvec_kvm_posted_intr_wakeup_ipi+0x1a/0x20\n  RIP: 0010:vcpu_run+0x1430/0x1e40 [kvm]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x2c1/0x600 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x580/0x6b0 [kvm]\n   __se_sys_ioctl+0x6d/0xb0\n   do_syscall_64+0x10a/0x480\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n  RIP: 0033:0x46ff4b\n   \u003c/TASK\u003e\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---"
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              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires triggering KVM nested SVM/AVIC paths via local /dev/kvm ioctls (KVM_CREATE_VM, KVM_CREATE_VCPU, KVM_RUN) from L1; there is no network, adjacent, or physical packet/device path to the vulnerable code.\nAC:L - An L1 attacker fully controls nested VM configuration (x2APIC, AVIC, L2 MSR bitmap, IRQ-window/ExtINT conditions) and can reliably reproduce AVIC inhibition while L2 is active without races or uncontrollable host state.\nPR:H - Reaching the bug requires running nested AMD KVM as L1 (nested virtualization enabled and control of a guest hypervisor), which is not available to an unprivileged host user or via user-namespace capabilities alone without delegated /dev/kvm access.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required; exploitation is driven entirely by the attacker\u2019s nested hypervisor configuration and KVM_RUN operations once nested virtualization is available.\nS:C - The flaw lets an L1 nested guest hypervisor access the host\u2019s physical x2APIC MSRs, crossing the VM/host security boundary rather than staying within the guest\u2019s own security scope.\nC:H - With x2APIC MSR intercepts left disabled, L1 can read most of the host APIC state (IDs, IRR/ISR, timers, ICR), leaking sensitive host interrupt-controller information beyond the guest boundary.\nI:H - L1 can write host x2APIC MSRs to send arbitrary IPIs, change task priority, and invoke host interrupt vectors (e.g. posted-interrupt wakeup), enabling host integrity compromise beyond mere guest-local effects.\nA:H - Host availability is trivially impacted by injecting spurious or high-priority interrupts to host CPUs; the fix commit demonstrates host kernel warnings and spurious interrupt storms causing denial of service."
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d3aae206663c4e006b25a1c7a20a4029e67da76"
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      "title": "KVM: SVM: Update x2APIC MSR intercepts if AVIC is inhibited while L2 is active",
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Cancel delayed I/O APIC EOI handling before destroying vCPUs\n\nCancel (and flush) the I/O APIC\u0027s delayed EOI handling work during the\n\"pre VM destroy\" phase, before vCPUs are destroyed, as processing the EOI\nbroadcast will inject another IRQ if the line is asserted, i.e. will try\nto deliver an IRQ to the target vCPU(s).  Canceling the work after vCPUs\nare destroyed leads to UAF if the delayed work is processed after vCPUs are\ndestroyed.\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __kvm_irq_delivery_to_apic_fast+0x9bf/0xa20 arch/x86/kvm/lapic.c:1250\n  Read of size 8 at addr ffff8880499abea0 by task kworker/1:2/1218\n\n  CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 1218 Comm: kworker/1:2 Not tainted 7.1.0-rc7 #5 PREEMPT(lazy)\n  Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 25.10 PC v2 (i440FX + PIIX, + 10.1 machine, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\n  Workqueue: events kvm_ioapic_eoi_inject_work\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94\n   dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n   print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378\n   print_report+0x139/0x4ad mm/kasan/report.c:482\n   kasan_report+0xe4/0x1d0 mm/kasan/report.c:595\n   __kvm_irq_delivery_to_apic_fast+0x9bf/0xa20 arch/x86/kvm/lapic.c:1250\n   __kvm_irq_delivery_to_apic+0xd8/0xbf0 arch/x86/kvm/lapic.c:1345\n   kvm_irq_delivery_to_apic arch/x86/kvm/lapic.h:129\n   ioapic_service+0x308/0x590 arch/x86/kvm/ioapic.c:492\n   kvm_ioapic_eoi_inject_work+0x13c/0x190 arch/x86/kvm/ioapic.c:532\n   process_one_work+0xa59/0x19a0 kernel/workqueue.c:3314\n   process_scheduled_works kernel/workqueue.c:3397\n   worker_thread+0x5eb/0xe50 kernel/workqueue.c:3478\n   kthread+0x370/0x450 kernel/kthread.c:436\n   ret_from_fork+0x72b/0xd30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158\n   ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:245\n   \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nNote, the VM is unreachable once kvm_destroy_vm() starts, and scheduling\nnew work via kvm_ioapic_send_eoi() can only be done via KVM_RUN, i.e.\nrequires a live vCPU.\n\nAlternatively, KVM could simply destroy the I/O APIC during the \"pre\" phase\nof VM destruction, but that gets more than a bit sketchy as KVM expects the\nI/O APIC to exist if ioapic_in_kernel() is true, and nested virtualization\nin particular has a bad habit of touching VM-scope state during vCPU\ndestruction.  E.g. attempting to free the PIC during the pre phase would\nlead to a NULL pointer dereference in kvm_cpu_has_extint(), and it\u0027s not\nhard to imagine the I/O APIC having a similar flaw."
        }
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nqede: sync udp_tunnel ports outside qede_lock in the recovery path\n\nA TX timeout on a qede NIC that has VXLAN/GENEVE tunnel ports\nconfigured wedges the rtnetlink control plane of the whole machine:\n\n  NETDEV WATCHDOG: ens6f1 (qede): transmit queue 2 timed out 10226 ms\n  [qede_tx_timeout:586(ens6f1)]TX timeout on queue 2!\n  [qede_recovery_handler:2665(ens6f0)]Starting a recovery process\n\nThe recovery path deadlocks on the driver\u0027s own mutex:\n\n  qede_sp_task\n   rtnl_lock()\n   mutex_lock(\u0026edev-\u003eqede_lock)        \u003c- taken\n   qede_recovery_handler\n    qede_load\n    udp_tunnel_nic_reset_ntf\n     __udp_tunnel_nic_device_sync\n      info-\u003esync_table == qede_udp_tunnel_sync\n       mutex_lock(\u0026edev-\u003eqede_lock)    \u003c- same task: deadlock\n\nThe mutex is not recursive, so the kworker blocks on itself with\nrtnl_lock held, and neither lock is ever released. Every task that\ncalls rtnl_lock() afterwards (ip, ovs-vswitchd, lldpad, IPv6\naddrconf, sshd) blocks forever while the node still answers ping.\nIn a vmcore from an affected production node rtnl_mutex.owner\ndecodes to the very kworker blocked at the innermost mutex_lock()\nabove.\n\nRe-sync the tunnel ports from qede_sp_task() after the internal lock\nis dropped, still under rtnl_lock as the udp_tunnel API requires.\nThis mirrors qede_open(), which calls udp_tunnel_nic_reset_ntf()\nunder rtnl without the internal lock.\n\nqede_recovery_handler() now returns whether it has successfully\nreloaded an open device, and the caller re-syncs the ports only in\nthat case. This keeps the old gating exactly: a device that was down\nor a failed recovery returns false, as those paths never reached the\nudp_tunnel_nic_reset_ntf() call before either.\n\nThis was the only user of the qede_lock()/qede_unlock() helpers, so\nremove them."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The bug is reached from the qede NIC firmware error-recovery path triggered by network-driven faults (e.g., TX queue watchdog timeout on traffic-bearing queues); remote packets to an internet-facing qede host can induce recovery without local syscall access.\nAC:L - Once qede recovery runs on an interface with VXLAN/GENEVE ports registered, the nested qede_lock while rtnl_lock is held deadlocks deterministically; attackers can repeatedly apply traffic/load patterns to provoke TX timeout and firmware ERROR_RECOVERY.\nPR:N - Exploitation requires only the ability to send network traffic that provokes NIC recovery on a target that already has VXLAN/GENEVE offloads configured (normal on cloud/DC qede nodes); no attacker privileges or rtnetlink configuration are needed.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required beyond routine use of a server whose qede uplink already runs overlay networking; the attacker does not need the victim to mount, open, or approve anything at exploit time.\nS:U - Impact is a kernel networking control-plane deadlock within the same host/kernel trust boundary; it does not cross VM, container, or IOMMU security domains to affect other authorities.\nC:N - This is a locking deadlock with no memory corruption, out-of-bounds access, use-after-free, or information disclosure; only mutex/RTNL state is wedged.\nI:N - The flaw does not modify data or achieve code execution; it only blocks threads waiting on rtnl_lock/qede_lock without altering memory contents or kernel objects beyond stalled lock state.\nA:H - The deadlock holds rtnl_lock indefinitely, freezing system-wide network reconfiguration and management (ip, ovs-vswitchd, sshd addr setup) until reboot; per CVSS guidance, kernel deadlocks that deny critical availability are rated High."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T16:38:27.388Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19e505ee8bb9e0f0355eda9e9f614fb25fed0070"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c4c1e5d6bc2b900b2328d6fff93dc8146b858d69"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8e1bdf57de91247e57816482966265ada573cc74"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e382a4efeeae6555b95d9ff336cf3094ee7d336b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4626df3f63c9185efba5750fe76ac01ab3351bae"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e51becb8f3377a377171ed5bf0082b96e22e6292"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f1ef8170d3d8ad9319aa01347945dcdf5cc4f27"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/451c9075d6c53f2438d110addbeeeea6fac18567"
        }
      ],
      "title": "qede: sync udp_tunnel ports outside qede_lock in the recovery path",
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-74523",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-15T12:27:40.575Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-15T05:44:03.911Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T16:38:27.388Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/riscv/mm/init.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1da6d832eda02d908df11a30ba6a856b98a3dd76",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c75a74f4ba19c904c0ae1e011ae2568449409ae4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "54e07a158f7aea2754849d3a5a4cba1ac338ae7e",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c75a74f4ba19c904c0ae1e011ae2568449409ae4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "1bb0ef8069ef158d245bac91ac178bb4f1a7ccd2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c75a74f4ba19c904c0ae1e011ae2568449409ae4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "a0188cc133696627857d16054e43f9ebc7efc821",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c75a74f4ba19c904c0ae1e011ae2568449409ae4",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/riscv/mm/init.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.11"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.11",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.103",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.44",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1.8",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.103",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.11",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.44",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.11",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.8",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.11",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.11",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nriscv: mm: Fix out-of-bounds page-table walk during memory hot-remove\n\nremove_pud_mapping() and remove_p4d_mapping() obtain a child table base\nwith pud_offset(p4dp, 0) and p4d_offset(pgd, 0), then add the index for\naddr.\n\nRISC-V folds page-table levels at runtime. When a level is folded, its\noffset helper returns the parent entry itself, but the index can still be\nnonzero. Adding it walks past the parent table. Sv48 folds P4D, while Sv39\nfolds both P4D and PUD, so memory hot-remove can descend into unrelated\nmemory and pass an invalid page to __free_pages(). This can trigger:\n\n  kernel BUG at include/linux/mm.h:1810!\n  VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_ref_count(page) == 0)\n  arch_remove_memory+0x1e/0x5c\n  try_remove_memory+0x15e/0x200\n  remove_memory+0x24/0x3c\n\nOnly add the index when the corresponding page-table level is enabled,\nmatching p4d_offset() and pud_offset()."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:21:07.108Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1da6d832eda02d908df11a30ba6a856b98a3dd76"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/54e07a158f7aea2754849d3a5a4cba1ac338ae7e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1bb0ef8069ef158d245bac91ac178bb4f1a7ccd2"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a0188cc133696627857d16054e43f9ebc7efc821"
        }
      ],
      "title": "riscv: mm: Fix out-of-bounds page-table walk during memory hot-remove",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-74524",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-15T12:27:41.735Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-15T05:44:03.911Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:21:07.108Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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