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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nftrace: Fix UAF when lookup kallsym after ftrace disabled\n\nThe following issue happens with a buggy module:\n\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffffffc05d0218\nPGD 1bd66f067 P4D 1bd66f067 PUD 1bd671067 PMD 101808067 PTE 0\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI\nTainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS\nRIP: 0010:sized_strscpy+0x81/0x2f0\nRSP: 0018:ffff88812d76fa08 EFLAGS: 00010246\nRAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffffc0601010 RCX: dffffc0000000000\nRDX: 0000000000000038 RSI: dffffc0000000000 RDI: ffff88812608da2d\nRBP: 8080808080808080 R08: ffff88812608da2d R09: ffff88812608da68\nR10: ffff88812608d82d R11: ffff88812608d810 R12: 0000000000000038\nR13: ffff88812608da2d R14: ffffffffc05d0218 R15: fefefefefefefeff\nFS:  00007fef552de740(0000) GS:ffff8884251c7000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: ffffffffc05d0218 CR3: 00000001146f0000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\nDR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\nDR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n ftrace_mod_get_kallsym+0x1ac/0x590\n update_iter_mod+0x239/0x5b0\n s_next+0x5b/0xa0\n seq_read_iter+0x8c9/0x1070\n seq_read+0x249/0x3b0\n proc_reg_read+0x1b0/0x280\n vfs_read+0x17f/0x920\n ksys_read+0xf3/0x1c0\n do_syscall_64+0x5f/0x2e0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nThe above issue may happen as follows:\n(1) Add kprobe tracepoint;\n(2) insmod test.ko;\n(3)  Module triggers ftrace disabled;\n(4) rmmod test.ko;\n(5) cat /proc/kallsyms; --\u003e Will trigger UAF as test.ko already removed;\nftrace_mod_get_kallsym()\n...\nstrscpy(module_name, mod_map-\u003emod-\u003ename, MODULE_NAME_LEN);\n...\n\nThe problem is when a module triggers an issue with ftrace and\nsets ftrace_disable. The ftrace_disable is set when an anomaly is\ndiscovered and to prevent any more damage, ftrace stops all text\nmodification. The issue that happened was that the ftrace_disable stops\nmore than just the text modification.\n\nWhen a module is loaded, its init functions can also be traced. Because\nkallsyms deletes the init functions after a module has loaded, ftrace\nsaves them when the module is loaded and function tracing is enabled. This\nallows the output of the function trace to show the init function names\ninstead of just their raw memory addresses.\n\nWhen a module is removed, ftrace_release_mod() is called, and if\nftrace_disable is set, it just returns without doing anything more. The\nproblem here is that it leaves the mod_list still around and if kallsyms\nis called, it will call into this code and access the module memory that\nhas already been freed as it will return:\n\n  strscpy(module_name, mod_map-\u003emod-\u003ename, MODULE_NAME_LEN);\n\nWhere the \"mod\" no longer exists and triggers a UAF bug."
        }
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      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The dangling dereference is reached through a `read(2)` on the local `/proc/kallsyms` file, and the state is established by local module load/unload; no network or remote-peer data reaches `ftrace_mod_get_kallsym()`.\nAC:L - Scoring the vulnerable configuration (a tracer registered when the module\u0027s init text was freed, `ftrace_disabled` latched by an ftrace anomaly, module then unloaded), the stale `ftrace_mod_map` persists indefinitely and the dereference is fully deterministic \u2014 no race, no memory-layout luck, and every subsequent `/proc/kallsyms` read re-triggers it at will.\nPR:L - `/proc/kallsyms` is created mode 0444 and the module-name column is emitted regardless of `kptr_restrict`, so any unprivileged local user reaches `strscpy(module_name, mod_map-\u003emod-\u003ename, ...)` with a plain `cat`, exactly as in the reported oops from `ksys_read`.\nUI:N - The attacker\u0027s own read of `/proc/kallsyms` performs the dereference; no separate victim has to open a file, mount anything, or take any action.\nS:U - Both the freed module memory and the faulting code are kernel-internal, within the same security authority the attacker is already attacking; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `strscpy()` reads from `mod_map-\u003emod-\u003ename` inside the freed module allocation and the result is printed straight to userspace, so once the execmem/vmalloc range is reclaimed the attacker harvests reclaimed kernel memory; `ftrace_mod_address_lookup()` also returns that dangling pointer to `kallsyms_lookup()`/`sprint_symbol()`, which copy it with no length bound and can over-read well past the object.\nI:H - A stale `struct module *` is dereferenced after its backing allocation has been returned to the module/vmalloc allocator, so reclaiming that allocation makes the kernel interpret attacker-influenced content as live module metadata \u2014 the standard use-after-free corruption primitive.\nA:H - In the common case the module range is unmapped and the access faults on a non-present kernel address, oopsing in `sized_strscpy()` as in the reported trace; because the leaked `mod_map` is never freed, any unprivileged user can panic the machine repeatedly."
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      "title": "ftrace: Fix UAF when lookup kallsym after ftrace disabled",
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    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.006Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:01:17.019Z",
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: p54: prevent buffer-overflow in p54_rx_eeprom_readback()\n\nRobert Morris reported:\n\n|If a malicious USB device pretends to be an Intersil p54 wifi\n|interface and generates an eeprom_readback message with a large\n|eeprom-\u003ev1.len, p54_rx_eeprom_readback() will copy data from the\n|message beyond the end of priv-\u003eeeprom.\n|\n|static void p54_rx_eeprom_readback(struct p54_common *priv,\n|                                   struct sk_buff *skb)\n|{\n|        struct p54_hdr *hdr = (struct p54_hdr *) skb-\u003edata;\n|        struct p54_eeprom_lm86 *eeprom = (struct p54_eeprom_lm86 *) hdr-\u003edata;\n|\n|        if (priv-\u003efw_var \u003e= 0x509) {\n|                memcpy(priv-\u003eeeprom, eeprom-\u003ev2.data,\n|                       le16_to_cpu(eeprom-\u003ev2.len));\n|        } else {\n|                memcpy(priv-\u003eeeprom, eeprom-\u003ev1.data,\n|                       le16_to_cpu(eeprom-\u003ev1.len));\n|        }\n| [...]\n\nThe eeprom-\u003ev{1,2}.len is set by the driver in p54_download_eeprom().\nThe device is supposed to provide the same length back to the driver.\nBut yes, it\u0027s possible (like shown in the report) to alter the value\nto something that causes a crash/panic due to overrun.\n\nThis patch addresses the issue by adding the size to the common device\ncontext, so p54_rx_eeprom_readback no longer relies on possibly tampered\nvalues... That said, it also checks if the \"firmware\" altered the value\nand no longer copies them.\n\nThe one, small saving grace is: Before the driver tries to read the eeprom,\nit needs to upload \u003ea\u003c firmware. the vendor firmware has a proprietary\nlicense and as a reason, it is not present on most distributions by\ndefault."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/v3d: Disable interrupts before resetting the GPU\n\nCurrently, an interrupt can be triggered during a GPU reset, which can\nlead to GPU hangs and NULL pointer dereference in an interrupt context\nas shown in the following trace:\n\n [  314.035040] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000000000000c0\n [  314.043822] Mem abort info:\n [  314.046606]   ESR = 0x0000000096000005\n [  314.050347]   EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits\n [  314.055651]   SET = 0, FnV = 0\n [  314.058695]   EA = 0, S1PTW = 0\n [  314.061826]   FSC = 0x05: level 1 translation fault\n [  314.066694] Data abort info:\n [  314.069564]   ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000005, ISS2 = 0x00000000\n [  314.075039]   CM = 0, WnR = 0, TnD = 0, TagAccess = 0\n [  314.080080]   GCS = 0, Overlay = 0, DirtyBit = 0, Xs = 0\n [  314.085382] user pgtable: 4k pages, 39-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000102728000\n [  314.091814] [00000000000000c0] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000, pud=0000000000000000\n [  314.100511] Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000005 [#1] PREEMPT SMP\n [  314.106770] Modules linked in: v3d i2c_brcmstb vc4 snd_soc_hdmi_codec gpu_sched drm_shmem_helper drm_display_helper cec drm_dma_helper drm_kms_helper drm drm_panel_orientation_quirks snd_soc_core snd_compress snd_pcm_dmaengine snd_pcm snd_timer snd backlight\n [  314.129654] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 6.12.25+rpt-rpi-v8 #1  Debian 1:6.12.25-1+rpt1\n [  314.139388] Hardware name: Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4 (DT)\n [  314.145211] pstate: 600000c5 (nZCv daIF -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\n [  314.152165] pc : v3d_irq+0xec/0x2e0 [v3d]\n [  314.156187] lr : v3d_irq+0xe0/0x2e0 [v3d]\n [  314.160198] sp : ffffffc080003ea0\n [  314.163502] x29: ffffffc080003ea0 x28: ffffffec1f184980 x27: 021202b000000000\n [  314.170633] x26: ffffffec1f17f630 x25: ffffff8101372000 x24: ffffffec1f17d9f0\n [  314.177764] x23: 000000000000002a x22: 000000000000002a x21: ffffff8103252000\n [  314.184895] x20: 0000000000000001 x19: 00000000deadbeef x18: 0000000000000000\n [  314.192026] x17: ffffff94e51d2000 x16: ffffffec1dac3cb0 x15: c306000000000000\n [  314.199156] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: b2fc982e03cc5168 x12: 0000000000000001\n [  314.206286] x11: ffffff8103f8bcc0 x10: ffffffec1f196868 x9 : ffffffec1dac3874\n [  314.213416] x8 : 0000000000000000 x7 : 0000000000042a3a x6 : ffffff810017a180\n [  314.220547] x5 : ffffffec1ebad400 x4 : ffffffec1ebad320 x3 : 00000000000bebeb\n [  314.227677] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : 0000000000000000\n [  314.234807] Call trace:\n [  314.237243]  v3d_irq+0xec/0x2e0 [v3d]\n [  314.240906]  __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x58/0x218\n [  314.245609]  handle_irq_event+0x54/0xb8\n [  314.249439]  handle_fasteoi_irq+0xac/0x240\n [  314.253527]  handle_irq_desc+0x48/0x68\n [  314.257269]  generic_handle_domain_irq+0x24/0x38\n [  314.261879]  gic_handle_irq+0x48/0xd8\n [  314.265533]  call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x58\n [  314.269448]  do_interrupt_handler+0x88/0x98\n [  314.273624]  el1_interrupt+0x34/0x68\n [  314.277193]  el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x28\n [  314.281281]  el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68\n [  314.284673]  default_idle_call+0x3c/0x168\n [  314.288675]  do_idle+0x1fc/0x230\n [  314.291895]  cpu_startup_entry+0x3c/0x50\n [  314.295810]  rest_init+0xe4/0xf0\n [  314.299030]  start_kernel+0x5e8/0x790\n [  314.302684]  __primary_switched+0x80/0x90\n [  314.306691] Code: 940029eb 360ffc13 f9442ea0 52800001 (f9406017)\n [  314.312775] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n [  314.317384] Kernel panic - not syncing: Oops: Fatal exception in interrupt\n [  314.324249] SMP: stopping secondary CPUs\n [  314.328167] Kernel Offset: 0x2b9da00000 from 0xffffffc080000000\n [  314.334076] PHYS_OFFSET: 0x0\n [  314.336946] CPU features: 0x08,00002013,c0200000,0200421b\n [  314.342337] Memory Limit: none\n [  314.345382] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Oops: Fatal exception in interrupt ]---\n\nBefore resetting the G\n---truncated---"
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      "title": "drm/v3d: Disable interrupts before resetting the GPU",
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvirtio-net: ensure the received length does not exceed allocated size\n\nIn xdp_linearize_page, when reading the following buffers from the ring,\nwe forget to check the received length with the true allocate size. This\ncan lead to an out-of-bound read. This commit adds that missing check."
        }
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
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              "value": "AV:L - The attacker-controlled value is the used-ring length written by the virtio backend (hypervisor/VMM, vhost-user daemon, VDUSE device, or vDPA hardware), not anything carried in received network packets, so a remote peer cannot reach it. The attack is delivered over the local paravirtual transport, matching kernel CNA precedent for virtio device-supplied-length bugs (CVE-2026-64456, CVE-2026-46123).\nAC:L - The backend fully and deterministically controls both `hdr-\u003enum_buffers` and the used-ring `len`, with no race to win and no memory-layout guessing required; a single crafted RX completion triggers it every time. XDP attachment is a target configuration the backend can observe via the guest\u0027s headroom/GSO renegotiation, not an uncontrollable condition.\nPR:N - The malicious backend needs no credentials, account, or capability inside the victim guest \u2014 it simply completes a receive buffer with a bogus length. This matches the PR:N scoring used for the equivalent virtio_bt and hwrng-virtio device-length CVEs.\nUI:N - Triggering requires only that the driver process an RX completion in NAPI/softirq context, which happens automatically. No victim action of any kind is needed.\nS:U - The vulnerable component and the impacted component are both the virtio_net driver\u0027s own kernel, and a host-to-guest attack does not gain the attacker authority it did not already hold. This is not a guest-to-host escape or an IOMMU/DMA boundary bypass.\nC:H - Each malformed completion copies up to ~3.5 KB of adjacent kernel memory into the linearized packet, which the XDP program can then XDP_TX/XDP_REDIRECT back to the attacker or which reaches userspace via a socket, giving a repeatable kernel memory disclosure channel. The integer-overflow variant extends the read arbitrarily far past the source buffer.\nI:H - The `page_off + buflen + tailroom \u003e PAGE_SIZE` guard is defeated by unsigned wraparound (verified: `buflen = 0xFFFFFD5C` makes the sum evaluate to 0), so the memcpy writes gigabytes beyond the single-page destination, corrupting arbitrary kernel heap memory. That is an out-of-bounds write, not merely the out-of-bounds read named in the commit message.\nA:H - Reading past the end of the source page, or the multi-gigabyte memcpy from the overflow variant, faults in softirq context and oopses/panics the kernel, and is instantly reproducible under KASAN or DEBUG_PAGEALLOC. The wholesale kernel memory corruption makes a crash the expected outcome."
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      "title": "virtio-net: ensure the received length does not exceed allocated size",
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                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.144",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.97",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.37",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.6",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nACPICA: Refuse to evaluate a method if arguments are missing\n\nAs reported in [1], a platform firmware update that increased the number\nof method parameters and forgot to update a least one of its callers,\ncaused ACPICA to crash due to use-after-free.\n\nSince this a result of a clear AML issue that arguably cannot be fixed\nup by the interpreter (it cannot produce missing data out of thin air),\naddress it by making ACPICA refuse to evaluate a method if the caller\nattempts to pass fewer arguments than expected to it."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is the ACPICA AML interpreter, reachable only through control-method evaluation on the local machine (sysfs/procfs ACPI attributes, thermal/battery/EC paths, device init, suspend/resume); there is no network or adjacent-network path to AML execution.\nAC:L - On an affected system the defect triggers deterministically whenever the mismatched method invocation is evaluated \u2014 no race to win, no memory-layout condition to guess, and the stale operand slots are populated by the same walk state\u0027s normal expression evaluation.\nPR:L - Many ACPI control methods are evaluated in response to reads of world-accessible sysfs attributes (thermal zone temperature, power-supply uevent, backlight), so an unprivileged local user can repeatedly drive the vulnerable nested-method path without any capability.\nUI:N - Triggering requires only the attacker\u0027s own read of an ACPI-backed sysfs attribute or normal runtime ACPI activity; no action by another user or administrator is needed.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap objects in the ACPICA operand cache, staying entirely within the kernel\u0027s own security authority with no crossing into a hypervisor, IOMMU, or other security scope.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free: acpi_ut_update_object_reference() reads the type, package count, and element pointers out of freed, potentially reallocated slab memory, and the resulting premature frees leave live AML-visible buffer/string objects dangling, giving a path to disclose arbitrary kernel memory contents.\nI:H - Decrementing reference counts through stale pointers yields refcount underflow, double-free, and an arbitrary-decrement primitive against reclaimed slab memory \u2014 a classic heap-corruption route to control-flow hijack and arbitrary write.\nA:H - The reported real-world symptom was a kernel crash from the use-after-free, and refcount corruption of ACPICA operand objects reliably produces oops/panic, which an unprivileged user can trigger repeatedly."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:01:30.990Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b49d224d1830c46e20adce2a239c454cdab426f1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2219e49857ffd6aea1b1ca5214d3270f84623a16"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ab1e8491c19eb2ea0fda81ef28e841c7cb6399f5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4305d936abde795c2ef6ba916de8f00a50f64d2d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d547779e72cea9865b732cd45393c4cd02b3598e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18ff4ed6a33a7e3f2097710eacc96bea7696e803"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9e4da550ae196132b990bd77ed3d8f2d9747f87"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6fcab2791543924d438e7fa49276d0998b0a069f"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ACPICA: Refuse to evaluate a method if arguments are missing",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38386",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-25T12:53:27.229Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.010Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:01:30.990Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}