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CERTFR-2025-AVI-1008
Vulnerability from certfr_avis - Published: 2025-11-14 - Updated: 2025-11-14
De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un contournement de la politique de sécurité et un problème de sécurité non spécifié par l'éditeur.
Solutions
Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation).
Impacted products
References
| Title | Publication Time | Tags | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
{
"$ref": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/openapi.json",
"affected_systems": [
{
"description": "Ubuntu 16.04 ESM",
"product": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"vendor": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"scada": false
}
}
},
{
"description": "Ubuntu 20.04 ESM",
"product": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"vendor": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"scada": false
}
}
},
{
"description": "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS",
"product": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"vendor": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"scada": false
}
}
},
{
"description": "Ubuntu 18.04 ESM",
"product": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"vendor": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"scada": false
}
}
},
{
"description": "Ubuntu 14.04 ESM",
"product": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"vendor": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"scada": false
}
}
},
{
"description": "Ubuntu 22.04 LTS",
"product": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"vendor": {
"name": "Ubuntu",
"scada": false
}
}
}
],
"affected_systems_content": "",
"content": "## Solutions\n\nSe r\u00e9f\u00e9rer au bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u0027\u00e9diteur pour l\u0027obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation).",
"cves": [
{
"name": "CVE-2025-40114",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40114"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22083",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22083"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22033",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22033"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-39728",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39728"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22025",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22025"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22036",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22036"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22027",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22027"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22040",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22040"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2023-53034",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-53034"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-27078",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-27078"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-23138",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23138"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-38152",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38152"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22019",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22019"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22021",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22021"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-21796",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21796"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-35849",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-35849"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22050",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22050"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-39735",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39735"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-41006",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-41006"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22095",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22095"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-58092",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-58092"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-53150",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-53150"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22039",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22039"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-37937",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37937"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2021-47330",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47330"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-38637",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38637"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22055",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22055"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22090",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22090"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-53124",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-53124"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2021-47319",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47319"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22035",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22035"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2023-52650",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52650"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22080",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22080"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-23136",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23136"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-37785",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37785"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-50006",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-50006"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22028",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22028"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-38118",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38118"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22044",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22044"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22062",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22062"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-38575",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38575"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-38240",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38240"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22058",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22058"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22018",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22018"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22056",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22056"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22057",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22057"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2021-47589",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47589"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-49924",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-49924"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22068",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22068"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22045",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22045"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2021-47149",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47149"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2023-52574",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52574"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22072",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22072"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22060",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22060"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22066",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22066"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22047",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22047"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22070",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22070"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22071",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22071"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-38617",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38617"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22075",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22075"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22065",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22065"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22097",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22097"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22020",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22020"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2021-47294",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47294"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-40300",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40300"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22063",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22063"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-56767",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-56767"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-37838",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37838"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-38352",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38352"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-38618",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38618"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22042",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22042"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22038",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22038"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22089",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22089"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-50299",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-50299"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22054",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22054"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22086",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22086"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-39682",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39682"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22073",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22073"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22064",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22064"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22053",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22053"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22079",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22079"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22041",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22041"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-22081",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22081"
}
],
"initial_release_date": "2025-11-14T00:00:00",
"last_revision_date": "2025-11-14T00:00:00",
"links": [],
"reference": "CERTFR-2025-AVI-1008",
"revisions": [
{
"description": "Version initiale",
"revision_date": "2025-11-14T00:00:00.000000"
}
],
"risks": [
{
"description": "Non sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9 par l\u0027\u00e9diteur"
},
{
"description": "Contournement de la politique de s\u00e9curit\u00e9"
}
],
"summary": "De multiples vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvertes dans le noyau Linux d\u0027Ubuntu. Elles permettent \u00e0 un attaquant de provoquer un contournement de la politique de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et un probl\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 non sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9 par l\u0027\u00e9diteur.",
"title": "Multiples vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s dans le noyau Linux d\u0027Ubuntu",
"vendor_advisories": [
{
"published_at": "2025-11-07",
"title": "Bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Ubuntu USN-7853-3",
"url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7853-3"
},
{
"published_at": "2025-11-13",
"title": "Bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Ubuntu USN-7862-3",
"url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7862-3"
},
{
"published_at": "2025-11-10",
"title": "Bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Ubuntu USN-7865-1",
"url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7865-1"
},
{
"published_at": "2025-11-10",
"title": "Bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Ubuntu USN-7862-2",
"url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7862-2"
},
{
"published_at": "2025-11-10",
"title": "Bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Ubuntu USN-7860-5",
"url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7860-5"
},
{
"published_at": "2025-11-13",
"title": "Bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Ubuntu USN-7861-3",
"url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7861-3"
},
{
"published_at": "2025-11-12",
"title": "Bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Ubuntu USN-7835-6",
"url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7835-6"
}
]
}
CVE-2025-22039 (GCVE-0-2025-22039)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:11 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ksmbd: fix overflow in dacloffset bounds check
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ksmbd: fix overflow in dacloffset bounds check
The dacloffset field was originally typed as int and used in an
unchecked addition, which could overflow and bypass the existing
bounds check in both smb_check_perm_dacl() and smb_inherit_dacl().
This could result in out-of-bounds memory access and a kernel crash
when dereferencing the DACL pointer.
This patch converts dacloffset to unsigned int and uses
check_add_overflow() to validate access to the DACL.
Severity
8.8 (High)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 6a9cd9ff0fa2bcc30b2bfb8bdb161eb20e44b9dc
(git)
Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 6b8d379048b168a0dff5ab1acb975b933f368514 (git) Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 443b373a4df5a2cb9f7b8c4658b2afedeb16397f (git) Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < beff0bc9d69bc8e733f9bca28e2d3df5b3e10e42 (git) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"fs/smb/server/smbacl.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "6a9cd9ff0fa2bcc30b2bfb8bdb161eb20e44b9dc",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6b8d379048b168a0dff5ab1acb975b933f368514",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "443b373a4df5a2cb9f7b8c4658b2afedeb16397f",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "beff0bc9d69bc8e733f9bca28e2d3df5b3e10e42",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"fs/smb/server/smbacl.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.15"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.15",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.23",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.13.11",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.14.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.15",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.23",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.13.11",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.14.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.15",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nksmbd: fix overflow in dacloffset bounds check\n\nThe dacloffset field was originally typed as int and used in an\nunchecked addition, which could overflow and bypass the existing\nbounds check in both smb_check_perm_dacl() and smb_inherit_dacl().\n\nThis could result in out-of-bounds memory access and a kernel crash\nwhen dereferencing the DACL pointer.\n\nThis patch converts dacloffset to unsigned int and uses\ncheck_add_overflow() to validate access to the DACL."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
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CVE-2025-22040 (GCVE-0-2025-22040)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:11 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ksmbd: fix session use-after-free in multichannel connection
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ksmbd: fix session use-after-free in multichannel connection
There is a race condition between session setup and
ksmbd_sessions_deregister. The session can be freed before the connection
is added to channel list of session.
This patch check reference count of session before freeing it.
Severity
8.8 (High)
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-21 14:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 596407adb9af1ee75fe7c7529607783d31b66e7f
(git)
Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 3980770cb1470054e6400fd97668665975726737 (git) Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 9069939d762138e232a6f79e3e1462682ed6a17d (git) Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 94c281721d4ed2d972232414b91d98a6f5bdb16b (git) Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 7dfbd4c43eed91dd2548a95236908025707a8dfd (git) Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < fa4cdb8cbca7d6cb6aa13e4d8d83d1103f6345db (git) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.134 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.87 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
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CVE-2025-22041 (GCVE-0-2025-22041)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:11 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ksmbd: fix use-after-free in ksmbd_sessions_deregister()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ksmbd: fix use-after-free in ksmbd_sessions_deregister()
In multichannel mode, UAF issue can occur in session_deregister
when the second channel sets up a session through the connection of
the first channel. session that is freed through the global session
table can be accessed again through ->sessions of connection.
Severity
8.8 (High)
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-21 14:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < f0eb3f575138b816da74697bd506682574742fcd
(git)
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|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.134 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.87 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
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CVE-2025-22042 (GCVE-0-2025-22042)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:12 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ksmbd: add bounds check for create lease context
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ksmbd: add bounds check for create lease context
Add missing bounds check for create lease context.
Severity
8.1 (High)
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 629dd37acc336ad778979361c351e782053ea284
(git)
Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 60b7207893a8a06c78441934931a08fdad63f18e (git) Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 800c482c9ef5910f05e3a713943c67cc6c1d4939 (git) Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < a41cd52f00907a040ca22c73d4805bb79b0d0972 (git) Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < 9a1b6ea955e6c7b29939a6d98701202f9d9644ec (git) Affected: 0626e6641f6b467447c81dd7678a69c66f7746cf , < bab703ed8472aa9d109c5f8c1863921533363dae (git) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.134 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.87 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
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CVE-2025-22044 (GCVE-0-2025-22044)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:12 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
acpi: nfit: fix narrowing conversion in acpi_nfit_ctl
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
acpi: nfit: fix narrowing conversion in acpi_nfit_ctl
Syzkaller has reported a warning in to_nfit_bus_uuid(): "only secondary
bus families can be translated". This warning is emited if the argument
is equal to NVDIMM_BUS_FAMILY_NFIT == 0. Function acpi_nfit_ctl() first
verifies that a user-provided value call_pkg->nd_family of type u64 is
not equal to 0. Then the value is converted to int, and only after that
is compared to NVDIMM_BUS_FAMILY_MAX. This can lead to passing an invalid
argument to acpi_nfit_ctl(), if call_pkg->nd_family is non-zero, while
the lower 32 bits are zero.
Furthermore, it is best to return EINVAL immediately upon seeing the
invalid user input. The WARNING is insufficient to prevent further
undefined behavior based on other invalid user input.
All checks of the input value should be applied to the original variable
call_pkg->nd_family.
[iweiny: update commit message]
Severity
7.1 (High)
Assigner
References
10 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6450ddbd5d8e83ea9927c7f9076a21f829699e0f , < 4b65cff06a004ac54f6ea8886060f0d07b1ca055
(git)
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|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.9
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.9 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.236 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.180 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.134 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.87 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nacpi: nfit: fix narrowing conversion in acpi_nfit_ctl\n\nSyzkaller has reported a warning in to_nfit_bus_uuid(): \"only secondary\nbus families can be translated\". This warning is emited if the argument\nis equal to NVDIMM_BUS_FAMILY_NFIT == 0. Function acpi_nfit_ctl() first\nverifies that a user-provided value call_pkg-\u003end_family of type u64 is\nnot equal to 0. Then the value is converted to int, and only after that\nis compared to NVDIMM_BUS_FAMILY_MAX. This can lead to passing an invalid\nargument to acpi_nfit_ctl(), if call_pkg-\u003end_family is non-zero, while\nthe lower 32 bits are zero.\n\nFurthermore, it is best to return EINVAL immediately upon seeing the\ninvalid user input. The WARNING is insufficient to prevent further\nundefined behavior based on other invalid user input.\n\nAll checks of the input value should be applied to the original variable\ncall_pkg-\u003end_family.\n\n[iweiny: update commit message]"
}
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"value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached only through an `ioctl(ND_CMD_CALL)` on the local libnvdimm character device `/dev/ndctl0`, which requires local system access. There is no network-facing consumer of `acpi_nfit_ctl()`.\nAC:L - Reaching the narrowing bug requires defeating the `bus.c` pre-validation via the double-fetch between the two `copy_from_user()` calls in `__nd_ioctl()`, but the attacker owns both sides of that race \u2014 the user page and the racing thread \u2014 and can make the second fetch deterministic with userfaultfd or a FUSE-backed mapping. NFIT/NVDIMM presence is a standard configuration on persistent-memory servers and QEMU nvdimm guests.\nPR:L - No `capable()` or credential check exists anywhere on the path \u2014 `nd_ioctl()`, `__nd_ioctl()`, `nd_cmd_clear_to_send()` and `acpi_nfit_ctl()` gate solely on the device node\u0027s file permissions and the `O_RDWR` open. Any local account granted access to `/dev/ndctl*` (storage/management group ACLs, or a container handed the device) can drive the full path, so this is an authorized-local-user bug rather than one demanding init-namespace root capabilities.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers everything from their own threads via ioctl and a self-managed racing write; no victim action, mount, or file open is needed.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds read and the WARN both occur within the kernel\u0027s own security authority, with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - A negative narrowed `family` makes `test_bit(family, \u0026nd_desc-\u003ebus_family_mask)` read far outside the one-word bitmap at an attacker-chosen offset spanning roughly 256 MB of kernel memory below the object, and the resulting bit is leaked back through the distinguishable `-EINVAL` vs `-ENOTTY` return. This is an unbounded-window OOB read usable to defeat KASLR and progressively disclose kernel heap contents, not a read strictly bounded to a few bytes.\nI:N - Every consequence of the bad `family` value is a read or an early error return; `guid` is set to NULL but never dereferenced, `array_index_nospec()` clamps the later array index to 0, and no attacker-influenced write to kernel memory occurs.\nA:H - The path hits `WARN_ONCE()` in `to_nfit_bus_uuid()`, which is an immediate kernel panic on the many hardened, Android, and cloud configurations that set `panic_on_warn=1`. Additionally, the wild `bt`-based bitmap access at a large negative offset can land on an unmapped hole and fault, producing an oops."
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CVE-2025-22045 (GCVE-0-2025-22045)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:12 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs
On the following path, flush_tlb_range() can be used for zapping normal
PMD entries (PMD entries that point to page tables) together with the PTE
entries in the pointed-to page table:
collapse_pte_mapped_thp
pmdp_collapse_flush
flush_tlb_range
The arm64 version of flush_tlb_range() has a comment describing that it can
be used for page table removal, and does not use any last-level
invalidation optimizations. Fix the X86 version by making it behave the
same way.
Currently, X86 only uses this information for the following two purposes,
which I think means the issue doesn't have much impact:
- In native_flush_tlb_multi() for checking if lazy TLB CPUs need to be
IPI'd to avoid issues with speculative page table walks.
- In Hyper-V TLB paravirtualization, again for lazy TLB stuff.
The patch "x86/mm: only invalidate final translations with INVLPGB" which
is currently under review (see
<https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241230175550.4046587-13-riel@surriel.com/>)
would probably be making the impact of this a lot worse.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
11 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536 , < 618d5612ecb7bfc1c85342daafeb2b47e29e77a3
(git)
Affected: 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536 , < 556d446068f90981e5d71ca686bdaccdd545d491 (git) Affected: 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536 , < 0a8f806ea6b5dd64b3d1f05ff774817d5f7ddbd1 (git) Affected: 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536 , < 0708fd6bd8161871bfbadced2ca4319b84ab44fe (git) Affected: 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536 , < 7085895c59e4057ffae17f58990ccb630087d0d2 (git) Affected: 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536 , < 93224deb50a8d20df3884f3672ce9f982129aa50 (git) Affected: 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536 , < 320ac1af4c0bdb92c864dc9250d1329234820edf (git) Affected: 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536 , < 78d6f9a9eb2a5da6fcbd76d6191d24b0dcc321be (git) Affected: 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536 , < 3ef938c3503563bfc2ac15083557f880d29c2e64 (git) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.20
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.20 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.292 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.236 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.180 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.134 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.87 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
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CVE-2025-22047 (GCVE-0-2025-22047)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:12 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
x86/microcode/AMD: Fix __apply_microcode_amd()'s return value
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/microcode/AMD: Fix __apply_microcode_amd()'s return value
When verify_sha256_digest() fails, __apply_microcode_amd() should propagate
the failure by returning false (and not -1 which is promoted to true).
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
bef830144febedb7de86863ae99d8f53bed76e95 , < 763f4d638f71cb45235395790a46e9f9e84227fd
(git)
Affected: 3e8653e399e7111a3e87d534ff4533b250ae574f , < ada88219d5315fc13f2910fe278c7112d8d68889 (git) Affected: c162ba4f45ab6ef3b7114af6fb419f1833f050c0 , < d295c58fad1d5ab987a81f139dd21498732c4f13 (git) Affected: 50cef76d5cb0e199cda19f026842560f6eedc4f7 , < 7f705a45f130a85fbf31c2abdc999c65644c8307 (git) Affected: 50cef76d5cb0e199cda19f026842560f6eedc4f7 , < 31ab12df723543047c3fc19cb8f8c4498ec6267f (git) Affected: 6.6.81 , < 6.6.87 (semver) Affected: 6.12.18 , < 6.12.23 (semver) Affected: 6.13.6 , < 6.13.11 (semver) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.14
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.14 (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.87 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
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CVE-2025-22050 (GCVE-0-2025-22050)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:12 – Updated: 2026-05-23 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
usbnet:fix NPE during rx_complete
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
usbnet:fix NPE during rx_complete
Missing usbnet_going_away Check in Critical Path.
The usb_submit_urb function lacks a usbnet_going_away
validation, whereas __usbnet_queue_skb includes this check.
This inconsistency creates a race condition where:
A URB request may succeed, but the corresponding SKB data
fails to be queued.
Subsequent processes:
(e.g., rx_complete → defer_bh → __skb_unlink(skb, list))
attempt to access skb->next, triggering a NULL pointer
dereference (Kernel Panic).
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
b80aacfea6e8d6ed6e430aa13922d6ccf044415a , < 95789c2f94fd29dce8759f9766baa333f749287c
(git)
Affected: 869caa8de8cb94514df704ccbe0b024fda4b9398 , < 0f10f83acfd619e13c64d6705908dfd792f19544 (git) Affected: 1e44ee6cdd123d6cfe78b4a94e1572e23bbb58ce , < acacd48a37b52fc95f621765762c04152b58d642 (git) Affected: 04e906839a053f092ef53f4fb2d610983412b904 , < d689645cd1594ea1d13cb0c404f8ad1011353e0e (git) Affected: 04e906839a053f092ef53f4fb2d610983412b904 , < 0c30988588b28393e3e8873d5654f910e86391ba (git) Affected: 04e906839a053f092ef53f4fb2d610983412b904 , < fd9ee3f0d6a53844f65efde581c91bbb0ff749ac (git) Affected: 04e906839a053f092ef53f4fb2d610983412b904 , < 51de3600093429e3b712e5f091d767babc5dd6df (git) Affected: ca124236cd14e61610f56df9a8f81376a1ffe660 (git) Affected: 54671d731f4977fb3c0c26f2840655b5204e4437 (git) Affected: 5.15.168 , < 5.15.180 (semver) Affected: 6.1.113 , < 6.1.134 (semver) Affected: 6.6.54 , < 6.6.87 (semver) Affected: 6.10.13 , < 6.11 (semver) Affected: 6.11.2 , < 6.12 (semver) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.12 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.180 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.134 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.87 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
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CVE-2025-22053 (GCVE-0-2025-22053)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:12 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net: ibmveth: make veth_pool_store stop hanging
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: ibmveth: make veth_pool_store stop hanging
v2:
- Created a single error handling unlock and exit in veth_pool_store
- Greatly expanded commit message with previous explanatory-only text
Summary: Use rtnl_mutex to synchronize veth_pool_store with itself,
ibmveth_close and ibmveth_open, preventing multiple calls in a row to
napi_disable.
Background: Two (or more) threads could call veth_pool_store through
writing to /sys/devices/vio/30000002/pool*/*. You can do this easily
with a little shell script. This causes a hang.
I configured LOCKDEP, compiled ibmveth.c with DEBUG, and built a new
kernel. I ran this test again and saw:
Setting pool0/active to 0
Setting pool1/active to 1
[ 73.911067][ T4365] ibmveth 30000002 eth0: close starting
Setting pool1/active to 1
Setting pool1/active to 0
[ 73.911367][ T4366] ibmveth 30000002 eth0: close starting
[ 73.916056][ T4365] ibmveth 30000002 eth0: close complete
[ 73.916064][ T4365] ibmveth 30000002 eth0: open starting
[ 110.808564][ T712] systemd-journald[712]: Sent WATCHDOG=1 notification.
[ 230.808495][ T712] systemd-journald[712]: Sent WATCHDOG=1 notification.
[ 243.683786][ T123] INFO: task stress.sh:4365 blocked for more than 122 seconds.
[ 243.683827][ T123] Not tainted 6.14.0-01103-g2df0c02dab82-dirty #8
[ 243.683833][ T123] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[ 243.683838][ T123] task:stress.sh state:D stack:28096 pid:4365 tgid:4365 ppid:4364 task_flags:0x400040 flags:0x00042000
[ 243.683852][ T123] Call Trace:
[ 243.683857][ T123] [c00000000c38f690] [0000000000000001] 0x1 (unreliable)
[ 243.683868][ T123] [c00000000c38f840] [c00000000001f908] __switch_to+0x318/0x4e0
[ 243.683878][ T123] [c00000000c38f8a0] [c000000001549a70] __schedule+0x500/0x12a0
[ 243.683888][ T123] [c00000000c38f9a0] [c00000000154a878] schedule+0x68/0x210
[ 243.683896][ T123] [c00000000c38f9d0] [c00000000154ac80] schedule_preempt_disabled+0x30/0x50
[ 243.683904][ T123] [c00000000c38fa00] [c00000000154dbb0] __mutex_lock+0x730/0x10f0
[ 243.683913][ T123] [c00000000c38fb10] [c000000001154d40] napi_enable+0x30/0x60
[ 243.683921][ T123] [c00000000c38fb40] [c000000000f4ae94] ibmveth_open+0x68/0x5dc
[ 243.683928][ T123] [c00000000c38fbe0] [c000000000f4aa20] veth_pool_store+0x220/0x270
[ 243.683936][ T123] [c00000000c38fc70] [c000000000826278] sysfs_kf_write+0x68/0xb0
[ 243.683944][ T123] [c00000000c38fcb0] [c0000000008240b8] kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x198/0x2d0
[ 243.683951][ T123] [c00000000c38fd00] [c00000000071b9ac] vfs_write+0x34c/0x650
[ 243.683958][ T123] [c00000000c38fdc0] [c00000000071bea8] ksys_write+0x88/0x150
[ 243.683966][ T123] [c00000000c38fe10] [c0000000000317f4] system_call_exception+0x124/0x340
[ 243.683973][ T123] [c00000000c38fe50] [c00000000000d05c] system_call_vectored_common+0x15c/0x2ec
...
[ 243.684087][ T123] Showing all locks held in the system:
[ 243.684095][ T123] 1 lock held by khungtaskd/123:
[ 243.684099][ T123] #0: c00000000278e370 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:2}, at: debug_show_all_locks+0x50/0x248
[ 243.684114][ T123] 4 locks held by stress.sh/4365:
[ 243.684119][ T123] #0: c00000003a4cd3f8 (sb_writers#3){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: ksys_write+0x88/0x150
[ 243.684132][ T123] #1: c000000041aea888 (&of->mutex#2){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x154/0x2d0
[ 243.684143][ T123] #2: c0000000366fb9a8 (kn->active#64){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x160/0x2d0
[ 243.684155][ T123] #3: c000000035ff4cb8 (&dev->lock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: napi_enable+0x30/0x60
[ 243.684166][ T123] 5 locks held by stress.sh/4366:
[ 243.684170][ T123] #0: c00000003a4cd3f8 (sb_writers#3){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: ksys_write+0x88/0x150
[ 243.
---truncated---
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
860f242eb5340d0b0cfe243cb86b2a98f92e8b91 , < 1e458c292f4c687dcf5aad32dd4836d03cd2191f
(git)
Affected: 860f242eb5340d0b0cfe243cb86b2a98f92e8b91 , < 8a88bb092f4208355880b9fdcc69d491aa297595 (git) Affected: 860f242eb5340d0b0cfe243cb86b2a98f92e8b91 , < 86cc70f5c85dc09bf7f3e1eee380eefe73c90765 (git) Affected: 860f242eb5340d0b0cfe243cb86b2a98f92e8b91 , < 0a2470e3ecde64fc7e3781dc474923193621ae67 (git) Affected: 860f242eb5340d0b0cfe243cb86b2a98f92e8b91 , < 053f3ff67d7feefc75797863f3d84b47ad47086f (git) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
2.6.18
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.18 (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.87 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/ethernet/ibm/ibmveth.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1e458c292f4c687dcf5aad32dd4836d03cd2191f",
"status": "affected",
"version": "860f242eb5340d0b0cfe243cb86b2a98f92e8b91",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "8a88bb092f4208355880b9fdcc69d491aa297595",
"status": "affected",
"version": "860f242eb5340d0b0cfe243cb86b2a98f92e8b91",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "86cc70f5c85dc09bf7f3e1eee380eefe73c90765",
"status": "affected",
"version": "860f242eb5340d0b0cfe243cb86b2a98f92e8b91",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "860f242eb5340d0b0cfe243cb86b2a98f92e8b91",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "860f242eb5340d0b0cfe243cb86b2a98f92e8b91",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
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"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/ethernet/ibm/ibmveth.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.6.18"
},
{
"lessThan": "2.6.18",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.87",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.23",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.13.11",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.14.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.15",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.87",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.18",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.23",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.18",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.13.11",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.18",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.14.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.18",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.15",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.18",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: ibmveth: make veth_pool_store stop hanging\n\nv2:\n- Created a single error handling unlock and exit in veth_pool_store\n- Greatly expanded commit message with previous explanatory-only text\n\nSummary: Use rtnl_mutex to synchronize veth_pool_store with itself,\nibmveth_close and ibmveth_open, preventing multiple calls in a row to\nnapi_disable.\n\nBackground: Two (or more) threads could call veth_pool_store through\nwriting to /sys/devices/vio/30000002/pool*/*. You can do this easily\nwith a little shell script. This causes a hang.\n\nI configured LOCKDEP, compiled ibmveth.c with DEBUG, and built a new\nkernel. I ran this test again and saw:\n\n Setting pool0/active to 0\n Setting pool1/active to 1\n [ 73.911067][ T4365] ibmveth 30000002 eth0: close starting\n Setting pool1/active to 1\n Setting pool1/active to 0\n [ 73.911367][ T4366] ibmveth 30000002 eth0: close starting\n [ 73.916056][ T4365] ibmveth 30000002 eth0: close complete\n [ 73.916064][ T4365] ibmveth 30000002 eth0: open starting\n [ 110.808564][ T712] systemd-journald[712]: Sent WATCHDOG=1 notification.\n [ 230.808495][ T712] systemd-journald[712]: Sent WATCHDOG=1 notification.\n [ 243.683786][ T123] INFO: task stress.sh:4365 blocked for more than 122 seconds.\n [ 243.683827][ T123] Not tainted 6.14.0-01103-g2df0c02dab82-dirty #8\n [ 243.683833][ T123] \"echo 0 \u003e /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs\" disables this message.\n [ 243.683838][ T123] task:stress.sh state:D stack:28096 pid:4365 tgid:4365 ppid:4364 task_flags:0x400040 flags:0x00042000\n [ 243.683852][ T123] Call Trace:\n [ 243.683857][ T123] [c00000000c38f690] [0000000000000001] 0x1 (unreliable)\n [ 243.683868][ T123] [c00000000c38f840] [c00000000001f908] __switch_to+0x318/0x4e0\n [ 243.683878][ T123] [c00000000c38f8a0] [c000000001549a70] __schedule+0x500/0x12a0\n [ 243.683888][ T123] [c00000000c38f9a0] [c00000000154a878] schedule+0x68/0x210\n [ 243.683896][ T123] [c00000000c38f9d0] [c00000000154ac80] schedule_preempt_disabled+0x30/0x50\n [ 243.683904][ T123] [c00000000c38fa00] [c00000000154dbb0] __mutex_lock+0x730/0x10f0\n [ 243.683913][ T123] [c00000000c38fb10] [c000000001154d40] napi_enable+0x30/0x60\n [ 243.683921][ T123] [c00000000c38fb40] [c000000000f4ae94] ibmveth_open+0x68/0x5dc\n [ 243.683928][ T123] [c00000000c38fbe0] [c000000000f4aa20] veth_pool_store+0x220/0x270\n [ 243.683936][ T123] [c00000000c38fc70] [c000000000826278] sysfs_kf_write+0x68/0xb0\n [ 243.683944][ T123] [c00000000c38fcb0] [c0000000008240b8] kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x198/0x2d0\n [ 243.683951][ T123] [c00000000c38fd00] [c00000000071b9ac] vfs_write+0x34c/0x650\n [ 243.683958][ T123] [c00000000c38fdc0] [c00000000071bea8] ksys_write+0x88/0x150\n [ 243.683966][ T123] [c00000000c38fe10] [c0000000000317f4] system_call_exception+0x124/0x340\n [ 243.683973][ T123] [c00000000c38fe50] [c00000000000d05c] system_call_vectored_common+0x15c/0x2ec\n ...\n [ 243.684087][ T123] Showing all locks held in the system:\n [ 243.684095][ T123] 1 lock held by khungtaskd/123:\n [ 243.684099][ T123] #0: c00000000278e370 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:2}, at: debug_show_all_locks+0x50/0x248\n [ 243.684114][ T123] 4 locks held by stress.sh/4365:\n [ 243.684119][ T123] #0: c00000003a4cd3f8 (sb_writers#3){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: ksys_write+0x88/0x150\n [ 243.684132][ T123] #1: c000000041aea888 (\u0026of-\u003emutex#2){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x154/0x2d0\n [ 243.684143][ T123] #2: c0000000366fb9a8 (kn-\u003eactive#64){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x160/0x2d0\n [ 243.684155][ T123] #3: c000000035ff4cb8 (\u0026dev-\u003elock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: napi_enable+0x30/0x60\n [ 243.684166][ T123] 5 locks held by stress.sh/4366:\n [ 243.684170][ T123] #0: c00000003a4cd3f8 (sb_writers#3){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: ksys_write+0x88/0x150\n [ 243.\n---truncated---"
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:11:43.845Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1e458c292f4c687dcf5aad32dd4836d03cd2191f"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a88bb092f4208355880b9fdcc69d491aa297595"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86cc70f5c85dc09bf7f3e1eee380eefe73c90765"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a2470e3ecde64fc7e3781dc474923193621ae67"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/053f3ff67d7feefc75797863f3d84b47ad47086f"
}
],
"title": "net: ibmveth: make veth_pool_store stop hanging",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-22053",
"datePublished": "2025-04-16T14:12:11.034Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.811Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:11:43.845Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-22054 (GCVE-0-2025-22054)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:12 – Updated: 2026-05-23 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
arcnet: Add NULL check in com20020pci_probe()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
arcnet: Add NULL check in com20020pci_probe()
devm_kasprintf() returns NULL when memory allocation fails. Currently,
com20020pci_probe() does not check for this case, which results in a
NULL pointer dereference.
Add NULL check after devm_kasprintf() to prevent this issue and ensure
no resources are left allocated.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-01 17:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-476 - NULL Pointer Dereference
Assigner
References
11 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
e38cd53421ed4e37fc99662a0f2a0c567993844f , < 661cf5d102949898c931e81fd4e1c773afcdeafa
(git)
Affected: d54f5a5bc85afd01b0a00689b795e31db54adc15 , < 905a34dc1ad9a53a8aaaf8a759ea5dbaaa30418d (git) Affected: 75c53a4c43295fb8b09edae45239790db9cc69c3 , < ef8b29398ea6061ac8257f3e45c9be45cc004ce2 (git) Affected: 8d034da82563a526dbd7e9069bb3f6946403b72c , < be8a0decd0b59a52a07276f9ef3b33ef820b2179 (git) Affected: 5106d7adb74bc6160806b45ffd2321b10ca14ee0 , < ececf8eff6c25acc239fa8f0fd837c76bc770547 (git) Affected: 6b17a597fc2f13aaaa0a2780eb7edb9ae7ac9aea , < ebebeb58d48e25525fa654f2c53a24713fe141c3 (git) Affected: 6b17a597fc2f13aaaa0a2780eb7edb9ae7ac9aea , < a654f31b33515d39bb56c75fd8b26bef025ced7e (git) Affected: 6b17a597fc2f13aaaa0a2780eb7edb9ae7ac9aea , < 887226163504494ea7e58033a97c2d2ab12e05d4 (git) Affected: 6b17a597fc2f13aaaa0a2780eb7edb9ae7ac9aea , < fda8c491db2a90ff3e6fbbae58e495b4ddddeca3 (git) Affected: 2e4ad90b15a7341c2d96d2dc6df6d135d72256b6 (git) Affected: 5.4.264 , < 5.4.292 (semver) Affected: 5.10.204 , < 5.10.236 (semver) Affected: 5.15.143 , < 5.15.180 (semver) Affected: 6.1.68 , < 6.1.134 (semver) Affected: 6.6.7 , < 6.6.87 (semver) Affected: 4.19.302 , < 4.20 (semver) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.7
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.7 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.292 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.236 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.180 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.134 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.87 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-22054",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-10-01T17:53:31.112674Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-476",
"description": "CWE-476 NULL Pointer Dereference",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-01T17:53:34.158Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:41:35.650Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
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},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/arcnet/com20020-pci.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "661cf5d102949898c931e81fd4e1c773afcdeafa",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e38cd53421ed4e37fc99662a0f2a0c567993844f",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "905a34dc1ad9a53a8aaaf8a759ea5dbaaa30418d",
"status": "affected",
"version": "d54f5a5bc85afd01b0a00689b795e31db54adc15",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "ef8b29398ea6061ac8257f3e45c9be45cc004ce2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "75c53a4c43295fb8b09edae45239790db9cc69c3",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "be8a0decd0b59a52a07276f9ef3b33ef820b2179",
"status": "affected",
"version": "8d034da82563a526dbd7e9069bb3f6946403b72c",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "ececf8eff6c25acc239fa8f0fd837c76bc770547",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5106d7adb74bc6160806b45ffd2321b10ca14ee0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "ebebeb58d48e25525fa654f2c53a24713fe141c3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6b17a597fc2f13aaaa0a2780eb7edb9ae7ac9aea",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "a654f31b33515d39bb56c75fd8b26bef025ced7e",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6b17a597fc2f13aaaa0a2780eb7edb9ae7ac9aea",
"versionType": "git"
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{
"lessThan": "887226163504494ea7e58033a97c2d2ab12e05d4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6b17a597fc2f13aaaa0a2780eb7edb9ae7ac9aea",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "fda8c491db2a90ff3e6fbbae58e495b4ddddeca3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6b17a597fc2f13aaaa0a2780eb7edb9ae7ac9aea",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2e4ad90b15a7341c2d96d2dc6df6d135d72256b6",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.4.292",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.264",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.10.236",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.10.204",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.15.180",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.15.143",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.1.134",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.1.68",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.6.87",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.7",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.20",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.19.302",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/arcnet/com20020-pci.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.7"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.7",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.292",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.236",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.180",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.134",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.87",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.23",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.13.11",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.14.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.15",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.4.292",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.4.264",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.236",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.10.204",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.180",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.15.143",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.134",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.1.68",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.87",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.6.7",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.23",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.13.11",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.14.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.15",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.19.302",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\narcnet: Add NULL check in com20020pci_probe()\n\ndevm_kasprintf() returns NULL when memory allocation fails. Currently,\ncom20020pci_probe() does not check for this case, which results in a\nNULL pointer dereference.\n\nAdd NULL check after devm_kasprintf() to prevent this issue and ensure\nno resources are left allocated."
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T15:57:46.413Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/661cf5d102949898c931e81fd4e1c773afcdeafa"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/905a34dc1ad9a53a8aaaf8a759ea5dbaaa30418d"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ef8b29398ea6061ac8257f3e45c9be45cc004ce2"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be8a0decd0b59a52a07276f9ef3b33ef820b2179"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ececf8eff6c25acc239fa8f0fd837c76bc770547"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ebebeb58d48e25525fa654f2c53a24713fe141c3"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a654f31b33515d39bb56c75fd8b26bef025ced7e"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/887226163504494ea7e58033a97c2d2ab12e05d4"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fda8c491db2a90ff3e6fbbae58e495b4ddddeca3"
}
],
"title": "arcnet: Add NULL check in com20020pci_probe()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-22054",
"datePublished": "2025-04-16T14:12:11.849Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.811Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T15:57:46.413Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
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Trend slope:
-
(linear fit over daily sighting counts)
Show additional events:
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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