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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: handle csum tree error with rescue=ibadroots correctly\n\n[BUG]\nThere is syzbot based reproducer that can crash the kernel, with the\nfollowing call trace: (With some debug output added)\n\n DEBUG: rescue=ibadroots parsed\n BTRFS: device fsid 14d642db-7b15-43e4-81e6-4b8fac6a25f8 devid 1 transid 8 /dev/loop0 (7:0) scanned by repro (1010)\n BTRFS info (device loop0): first mount of filesystem 14d642db-7b15-43e4-81e6-4b8fac6a25f8\n BTRFS info (device loop0): using blake2b (blake2b-256-generic) checksum algorithm\n BTRFS info (device loop0): using free-space-tree\n BTRFS warning (device loop0): checksum verify failed on logical 5312512 mirror 1 wanted 0xb043382657aede36608fd3386d6b001692ff406164733d94e2d9a180412c6003 found 0x810ceb2bacb7f0f9eb2bf3b2b15c02af867cb35ad450898169f3b1f0bd818651 level 0\n DEBUG: read tree root path failed for tree csum, ret=-5\n BTRFS warning (device loop0): checksum verify failed on logical 5328896 mirror 1 wanted 0x51be4e8b303da58e6340226815b70e3a93592dac3f30dd510c7517454de8567a found 0x51be4e8b303da58e634022a315b70e3a93592dac3f30dd510c7517454de8567a level 0\n BTRFS warning (device loop0): checksum verify failed on logical 5292032 mirror 1 wanted 0x1924ccd683be9efc2fa98582ef58760e3848e9043db8649ee382681e220cdee4 found 0x0cb6184f6e8799d9f8cb335dccd1d1832da1071d12290dab3b85b587ecacca6e level 0\n process \u0027repro\u0027 launched \u0027./file2\u0027 with NULL argv: empty string added\n DEBUG: no csum root, idatacsums=0 ibadroots=134217728\n Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000041: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI\n KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000208-0x000000000000020f]\n CPU: 5 UID: 0 PID: 1010 Comm: repro Tainted: G           OE       6.15.0-custom+ #249 PREEMPT(full)\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS unknown 02/02/2022\n RIP: 0010:btrfs_lookup_csum+0x93/0x3d0 [btrfs]\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  btrfs_lookup_bio_sums+0x47a/0xdf0 [btrfs]\n  btrfs_submit_bbio+0x43e/0x1a80 [btrfs]\n  submit_one_bio+0xde/0x160 [btrfs]\n  btrfs_readahead+0x498/0x6a0 [btrfs]\n  read_pages+0x1c3/0xb20\n  page_cache_ra_order+0x4b5/0xc20\n  filemap_get_pages+0x2d3/0x19e0\n  filemap_read+0x314/0xde0\n  __kernel_read+0x35b/0x900\n  bprm_execve+0x62e/0x1140\n  do_execveat_common.isra.0+0x3fc/0x520\n  __x64_sys_execveat+0xdc/0x130\n  do_syscall_64+0x54/0x1d0\n  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n\n[CAUSE]\nFirstly the fs has a corrupted csum tree root, thus to mount the fs we\nhave to go \"ro,rescue=ibadroots\" mount option.\n\nNormally with that mount option, a bad csum tree root should set\nBTRFS_FS_STATE_NO_DATA_CSUMS flag, so that any future data read will\nignore csum search.\n\nBut in this particular case, we have the following call trace that\ncaused NULL csum root, but not setting BTRFS_FS_STATE_NO_DATA_CSUMS:\n\nload_global_roots_objectid():\n\n\t\tret = btrfs_search_slot();\n\t\t/* Succeeded */\n\t\tbtrfs_item_key_to_cpu()\n\t\tfound = true;\n\t\t/* We found the root item for csum tree. */\n\t\troot = read_tree_root_path();\n\t\tif (IS_ERR(root)) {\n\t\t\tif (!btrfs_test_opt(fs_info, IGNOREBADROOTS))\n\t\t\t/*\n\t\t\t * Since we have rescue=ibadroots mount option,\n\t\t\t * @ret is still 0.\n\t\t\t */\n\t\t\tbreak;\n\tif (!found || ret) {\n\t\t/* @found is true, @ret is 0, error handling for csum\n\t\t * tree is skipped.\n\t\t */\n\t}\n\nThis means we completely skipped to set BTRFS_FS_STATE_NO_DATA_CSUMS if\nthe csum tree is corrupted, which results unexpected later csum lookup.\n\n[FIX]\nIf read_tree_root_path() failed, always populate @ret to the error\nnumber.\n\nAs at the end of the function, we need @ret to determine if we need to\ndo the extra error handling for csum tree."
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable window lives entirely in the uartlite platform-driver probe path, reachable only from local device/module instantiation (module load, deferred-probe worker, DT-overlay/FPGA-region or sysfs bind) on the affected host. No remote, adjacent, or physical-interface data reaches this code \u2014 the race is in driver registration, not in serial data handling.\nAC:L - Success requires the system to be in a specific state the attacker cannot create or influence \u2014 two uartlite instances probing simultaneously with one thread inside the few-microsecond window between `drv-\u003estate = kzalloc()` and `tty_port_init()`/`tty_register_driver()`. There is no way to widen, stall, or re-trigger that window from a local attacker\u0027s position, so it is a condition truly beyond attacker control.\nPR:L - Scored as a local unprivileged attacker present on an affected FPGA/embedded system when the concurrent probe occurs; the code itself performs no capability check. Deliberately forcing a probe (modprobe, sysfs bind, DT overlay) would need root, but the higher-severity assumption of a merely unprivileged local presence is used here.\nUI:N - The race fires during driver/device initialization driven by the kernel\u0027s own probe machinery; no victim action such as opening a device, mounting a filesystem, or loading a file is required.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel data structures (`uart_driver.state`, `tty_port`, slab objects) within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is not a bare NULL dereference \u2014 `uart_add_one_port()` reads through a half-built or already-`kfree()`d `drv-\u003estate`/`drv-\u003etty_driver` (`drv-\u003etty_driver-\u003eminor_start`, `state-\u003euart_port`), giving reads of freed slab memory whose contents can be reallocated to other objects, so it is leverageable for kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - In the double-registration interleaving the losing thread\u0027s error path `kfree()`s the shared `drv-\u003estate` array while the winner writes through it (`atomic_set(\u0026state-\u003erefcount,1)`, `init_waitqueue_head()`, `state-\u003euart_port = uport`, `tty_port_link_device()`), a use-after-free write that plants kernel pointers and performs list/mutex operations inside a freed, potentially reallocated slab object \u2014 memory corruption usable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The documented and reproduced outcome is an immediate kernel panic (`BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference` in `mutex_lock` from `uart_add_one_port`), and `BUG_ON(drv-\u003estate)` in the concurrent `uart_register_driver()` is a second crash path. On 5.4\u20136.12 the oops happens while the global `port_mutex` is held, permanently deadlocking all further serial-port and console registration even if the box survives the oops."
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        "providerMetadata": {
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          }
        ],
        "x_adpType": "supplier"
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    ],
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
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              "status": "affected",
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              "versionType": "semver"
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      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.186",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.94",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.16",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.16",
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                },
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              "operator": "OR"
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Avoid __bpf_prog_ret0_warn when jit fails\n\nsyzkaller reported an issue:\n\nWARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 217 at kernel/bpf/core.c:2357 __bpf_prog_ret0_warn+0xa/0x20 kernel/bpf/core.c:2357\nModules linked in:\nCPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 217 Comm: kworker/u32:6 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc4-syzkaller-00040-g8bac8898fe39\nRIP: 0010:__bpf_prog_ret0_warn+0xa/0x20 kernel/bpf/core.c:2357\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n bpf_dispatcher_nop_func include/linux/bpf.h:1316 [inline]\n __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]\n bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:725 [inline]\n cls_bpf_classify+0x74a/0x1110 net/sched/cls_bpf.c:105\n ...\n\nWhen creating bpf program, \u0027fp-\u003ejit_requested\u0027 depends on bpf_jit_enable.\nThis issue is triggered because of CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON is not set\nand bpf_jit_enable is set to 1, causing the arch to attempt JIT the prog,\nbut jit failed due to FAULT_INJECTION. As a result, incorrectly\ntreats the program as valid, when the program runs it calls\n`__bpf_prog_ret0_warn` and triggers the WARN_ON_ONCE(1)."
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86bc9c742426a16b52a10ef61f5b721aecca2344"
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38280",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-10T07:41:58.853Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T12:41:49.601Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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