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              "value": "AV:L - Triggering requires local syscalls on the attacker\u0027s own process \u2014 mmap() of a TCP socket, sendfile() of a page-cache-backed file over loopback, and getsockopt(TCP_ZEROCOPY_RECEIVE). A purely remote peer cannot supply page-cache or compound pages into the receive frags, since those come from the local NIC/page_pool allocator.\nAC:L - The syzbot reproducer is fully deterministic with no race window and no dependence on memory layout: sendfile() guarantees PAGE_SIZE frags at offset 0 pointing at ext4 page-cache pages, and loopback delivers them unchanged to the same socket\u0027s receive queue. Follow-on inode eviction is likewise triggered on demand by the attacker via O_TRUNC/unlink+close.\nPR:L - Every step is available to an ordinary unprivileged user \u2014 tcp_mmap() performs no capability check, TCP_ZEROCOPY_RECEIVE is unconditionally compiled in under CONFIG_MMU, and sendfile() on a file the user owns needs no privilege. No CAP_NET_ADMIN or namespace trickery is required at all.\nUI:N - A single unprivileged process performs the entire sequence against itself via a loopback self-connect; no victim process must be running, and no administrator or user action is needed.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel\u0027s own page-cache/rmap accounting and the attacking process\u0027s address space, managed by the same security authority. There is no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - Because the page is mapped outside the inode\u0027s i_mmap tree, filemap_unaccount_folio()\u0027s recovery path resets mapcount and subtracts the PTE\u0027s reference, letting the page be freed and reallocated while the attacker retains a valid read-only PTE to it \u2014 an arbitrary-read window into whatever kernel data (slab objects, page tables, other processes\u0027 pages) subsequently occupies that physical page.\nI:H - The dropped reference plus the later munmap-time page_remove_rmap()/put_page() drives _mapcount and the page refcount negative, producing a double-free of a buddy-allocator page that can be handed out twice and used as a write primitive into kernel-owned memory. The mismatched rmap/_nr_pages_mapped accounting for compound folios corrupts kernel state directly.\nA:H - This is exactly the reported crash \u2014 truncating the file makes filemap_unaccount_folio() hit VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_mapped(folio)) and panic the kernel; on non-DEBUG_VM builds it produces \"BUG: Bad page cache\"/bad-page-state taints and freelist corruption that destabilizes the whole system."
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              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable code is in the IPv6 tunnel receive path, reached directly from `ipv6_rcv()` \u2192 `ip6_protocol_deliver_rcu()` \u2192 `gre_rcv()`/`ip6ip6_rcv()`/`ip4ip6_rcv()` when a host has an ip6tnl, ip6gre, ERSPAN or collect_md tunnel endpoint configured. A remote attacker triggers it purely by sending a crafted IPv6 packet (proto 47/41/4/137) with a truncated inner header.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls the packet: simply emitting an outer IPv6+GRE header with zero/short inner payload deterministically reaches `dscp_ecn_decapsulate()` with the inner header absent from the linear area. No race, no memory-layout grooming, and no condition outside the attacker\u0027s control is required.\nPR:N - Tunnel decapsulation is completely unauthenticated \u2014 `ip6_tnl_rcv_ctl()`/`ip6_tnl_lookup()` only compare addresses and keys, and wildcard, `collect_md` and fallback tunnels match arbitrary sources. The attacker needs no account or credentials on the target.\nUI:N - Processing happens automatically in softirq context when the packet is received; no local user has to open, mount, or click anything.\nS:U - The uninitialized read and the out-of-bounds DSCP write are confined to kernel memory managed by the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:L - KMSAN confirms uninitialized kernel heap memory is read and consumed by `__INET_ECN_decapsulate()`, and the outcome is remotely observable (packet dropped vs. delivered, plus the ratelimited \"non-ECT from %pI6 with DS=%#x\" log), giving a repeatable oracle over stale heap contents. The exposure is strictly bounded to a couple of bytes within the skb\u0027s own buffer rather than an arbitrary read.\nI:L - On tunnels configured with `IP6_TNL_F_RCV_DSCP_COPY`, `ipv6_change_dsfield()`/`ipv4_change_dsfield()` perform an unchecked read-modify-write beyond the packet data (unlike the bounds-checked `INET_ECN_set_ce()`), modifying kernel memory that does not belong to the packet \u2014 in the zero-tailroom case the first bytes of `struct skb_shared_info`. The corruption is a few bytes at a fixed offset, not an arbitrary write.\nA:H - The unchecked DSCP write can land on `skb_shared_info`\u0027s `meta_len` and `frag_list` pointer bytes, corrupting a kernel pointer that is later dereferenced during skb traversal/free, yielding an oops; garbage-driven ECN decisions additionally cause spurious `rx_frame_errors` drops of tunnel traffic, and the condition is a hard KMSAN/instrumented-kernel abort. Any unauthenticated remote peer can repeat it indefinitely."
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4f7e696db0274ff560482cc52eddbf0551d4b7a"
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        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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            },
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              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.269",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.210",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.149",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.76",
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            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.15",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.7.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.7.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.8",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.19.307",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.269",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.210",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.149",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.76",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.15",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.7.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.8",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
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              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Ensure visibility when inserting an element into tracing_map\n\nRunning the following two commands in parallel on a multi-processor\nAArch64 machine can sporadically produce an unexpected warning about\nduplicate histogram entries:\n\n $ while true; do\n     echo hist:key=id.syscall:val=hitcount \u003e \\\n       /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/raw_syscalls/sys_enter/trigger\n     cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/raw_syscalls/sys_enter/hist\n     sleep 0.001\n   done\n $ stress-ng --sysbadaddr $(nproc)\n\nThe warning looks as follows:\n\n[ 2911.172474] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 2911.173111] Duplicates detected: 1\n[ 2911.173574] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 12247 at kernel/trace/tracing_map.c:983 tracing_map_sort_entries+0x3e0/0x408\n[ 2911.174702] Modules linked in: iscsi_ibft(E) iscsi_boot_sysfs(E) rfkill(E) af_packet(E) nls_iso8859_1(E) nls_cp437(E) vfat(E) fat(E) ena(E) tiny_power_button(E) qemu_fw_cfg(E) button(E) fuse(E) efi_pstore(E) ip_tables(E) x_tables(E) xfs(E) libcrc32c(E) aes_ce_blk(E) aes_ce_cipher(E) crct10dif_ce(E) polyval_ce(E) polyval_generic(E) ghash_ce(E) gf128mul(E) sm4_ce_gcm(E) sm4_ce_ccm(E) sm4_ce(E) sm4_ce_cipher(E) sm4(E) sm3_ce(E) sm3(E) sha3_ce(E) sha512_ce(E) sha512_arm64(E) sha2_ce(E) sha256_arm64(E) nvme(E) sha1_ce(E) nvme_core(E) nvme_auth(E) t10_pi(E) sg(E) scsi_mod(E) scsi_common(E) efivarfs(E)\n[ 2911.174738] Unloaded tainted modules: cppc_cpufreq(E):1\n[ 2911.180985] CPU: 2 PID: 12247 Comm: cat Kdump: loaded Tainted: G            E      6.7.0-default #2 1b58bbb22c97e4399dc09f92d309344f69c44a01\n[ 2911.182398] Hardware name: Amazon EC2 c7g.8xlarge/, BIOS 1.0 11/1/2018\n[ 2911.183208] pstate: 61400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\n[ 2911.184038] pc : tracing_map_sort_entries+0x3e0/0x408\n[ 2911.184667] lr : tracing_map_sort_entries+0x3e0/0x408\n[ 2911.185310] sp : ffff8000a1513900\n[ 2911.185750] x29: ffff8000a1513900 x28: ffff0003f272fe80 x27: 0000000000000001\n[ 2911.186600] x26: ffff0003f272fe80 x25: 0000000000000030 x24: 0000000000000008\n[ 2911.187458] x23: ffff0003c5788000 x22: ffff0003c16710c8 x21: ffff80008017f180\n[ 2911.188310] x20: ffff80008017f000 x19: ffff80008017f180 x18: ffffffffffffffff\n[ 2911.189160] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: ffff8000a15134b8\n[ 2911.190015] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 205d373432323154 x12: 5b5d313131333731\n[ 2911.190844] x11: 00000000fffeffff x10: 00000000fffeffff x9 : ffffd1b78274a13c\n[ 2911.191716] x8 : 000000000017ffe8 x7 : c0000000fffeffff x6 : 000000000057ffa8\n[ 2911.192554] x5 : ffff0012f6c24ec0 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : ffff2e5b72b5d000\n[ 2911.193404] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff0003ff254480\n[ 2911.194259] Call trace:\n[ 2911.194626]  tracing_map_sort_entries+0x3e0/0x408\n[ 2911.195220]  hist_show+0x124/0x800\n[ 2911.195692]  seq_read_iter+0x1d4/0x4e8\n[ 2911.196193]  seq_read+0xe8/0x138\n[ 2911.196638]  vfs_read+0xc8/0x300\n[ 2911.197078]  ksys_read+0x70/0x108\n[ 2911.197534]  __arm64_sys_read+0x24/0x38\n[ 2911.198046]  invoke_syscall+0x78/0x108\n[ 2911.198553]  el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xd0/0xf8\n[ 2911.199157]  do_el0_svc+0x28/0x40\n[ 2911.199613]  el0_svc+0x40/0x178\n[ 2911.200048]  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x13c/0x158\n[ 2911.200621]  el0t_64_sync+0x1a8/0x1b0\n[ 2911.201115] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n\nThe problem appears to be caused by CPU reordering of writes issued from\n__tracing_map_insert().\n\nThe check for the presence of an element with a given key in this\nfunction is:\n\n val = READ_ONCE(entry-\u003eval);\n if (val \u0026\u0026 keys_match(key, val-\u003ekey, map-\u003ekey_size)) ...\n\nThe write of a new entry is:\n\n elt = get_free_elt(map);\n memcpy(elt-\u003ekey, key, map-\u003ekey_size);\n entry-\u003eval = elt;\n\nThe \"memcpy(elt-\u003ekey, key, map-\u003ekey_size);\" and \"entry-\u003eval = elt;\"\nstores may become visible in the reversed order on another CPU. This\nsecond CPU might then incorrectly determine that a new key doesn\u0027t match\nan already present val-\u003ekey and subse\n---truncated---"
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T20:01:24.992Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5022b331c041e8c54b9a6a3251579bd1e8c0fc0b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dad9b28f675ed99b4dec261db2a397efeb80b74c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ef70dfa0b1e5084f32635156c9a5c795352ad860"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aef1cb00856ccfd614467cfb50b791278992e177"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4f7e696db0274ff560482cc52eddbf0551d4b7a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1eebe76e187dbe11ca299f8dbb6e45d5b1889e7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bf4aeff7da85c3becd39fb73bac94122331c30fb"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2b44760609e9eaafc9d234a6883d042fc21132a7"
        }
      ],
      "title": "tracing: Ensure visibility when inserting an element into tracing_map",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-26645",
    "datePublished": "2024-03-26T15:17:18.203Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-02-19T14:20:24.138Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T20:01:24.992Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}