Vulnerability-Lookup

BDU:2024-10772

Vulnerability from fstec - Published: 01.11.2024

Title

Уязвимость файла конфигурации confluence-cfg.xml дата центра Confluence Data Center операционных систем Windows, позволяющая нарушителю повысить свои привилегии и получить несанкционированный доступ к защищаемой информации

Description

Уязвимость файла конфигурации confluence-cfg.xml дата центра Confluence Data Center операционных систем Windows связана с неправильным присвоением разрешений для критичного ресурса. Эксплуатация уязвимости может позволить нарушителю повысить свои привилегии и получить несанкционированный доступ к защищаемой информации

Severity ?


                    
                      AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Vendor

Atlassian

Software Name

Jira Data Center

Software Version

от 8.5.0 до 8.5.5 (Jira Data Center), от 8.7.0 до 8.7.2 (Jira Data Center), от 7.19.0 до 7.19.18 (Jira Data Center)

Possible Mitigations

Использование рекомендаций: https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CONFSERVER-98413

Reference

https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CONFSERVER-98413

CWE

CWE-732

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "CVSS 2.0": "AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C",
  "CVSS 3.0": "AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
  "CVSS 4.0": null,
  "remediation_\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440": null,
  "remediation_\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435": null,
  "\u0412\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u041f\u041e": "Atlassian",
  "\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u041f\u041e": "\u043e\u0442 8.5.0 \u0434\u043e 8.5.5 (Jira Data Center), \u043e\u0442 8.7.0 \u0434\u043e 8.7.2 (Jira Data Center), \u043e\u0442 7.19.0 \u0434\u043e 7.19.18 (Jira Data Center)",
  "\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e": "\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439:\nhttps://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CONFSERVER-98413",
  "\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f": "01.11.2024",
  "\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f": "13.08.2025",
  "\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438": "05.12.2024",
  "\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440": "BDU:2024-10772",
  "\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "CVE-2024-21703",
  "\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430",
  "\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b",
  "\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041f\u041e": "Jira Data Center",
  "\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041e\u0421 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b": "Microsoft Corp Windows - ",
  "\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 confluence-cfg.xml \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 Confluence Data Center \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c Windows, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438",
  "\u041d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0430": "\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f",
  "\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 CWE": "\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 (CWE-732)",
  "\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 confluence-cfg.xml \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 Confluence Data Center \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c Windows \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430. \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438",
  "\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": null,
  "\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f": null,
  "\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0418\u0411": "\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f",
  "\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430",
  "\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f": "\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f",
  "\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438": "\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438",
  "\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CONFSERVER-98413",
  "\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c",
  "\u0422\u0438\u043f \u041f\u041e": "\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041f\u041e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c",
  "\u0422\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 CWE": "CWE-732",
  "\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 CVSS 2.0 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 6)\n\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 CVSS 3.0 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 6,4)"
}

CVE-2024-21703 (GCVE-0-2024-21703)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-27 17:00 – Updated: 2024-11-27 17:33

Summary

This Medium severity Security Misconfiguration vulnerability was introduced in version 8.8.1 of Confluence Data Center and Server for Windows installations. This Security Misconfiguration vulnerability, with a CVSS Score of 6.4 allows an authenticated attacker of the Windows host to read sensitive information about the Confluence Data Center configuration which has high impact to confidentiality, high impact to integrity, high impact to availability, and no user interaction. Atlassian recommends that Confluence Data Center and Server customers upgrade to the latest version, if you are unable to do so, upgrade your instance to one of the specified supported fixed versions: * Confluence Data Center and Server 7.19: Upgrade to a release greater than or equal to 7.19.18 * Confluence Data Center and Server 8.5: Upgrade to a release greater than or equal to 8.5.5 * Confluence Data Center and Server 8.7: Upgrade to a release greater than or equal to 8.7.2 * Confluence Data Center and Server 8.8: Upgrade to a release greater than or equal to 8.8.0 See the release notes (https://confluence.atlassian.com/conf88/confluence-release-notes-1354501008.html ). You can download the latest version of Confluence Data Center and Server from the download center (https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/download-archives ). This vulnerability was reported via our Atlassian Bug Bounty Program by Chris Elliot.

Severity ?

6.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

Security Misconfiguration

Assigner

atlassian

References

URL

Tags

https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CONFSERVER-98413

Impacted products

Vendor

Product

Version

Atlassian

Confluence Data Center

Affected: 8.7.1
Unaffected: 8.8.0 to 8.8.1
Unaffected: 8.7.2
Unaffected: 8.5.5 to 8.5.17
Unaffected: 7.19.18 to 7.19.29

Atlassian

Confluence Server

Unaffected: 8.5.5 to 8.5.17
Unaffected: 7.19.18 to 7.19.29

Credits

Chris Elliot

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_data_center:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "product": "confluence_data_center",
            "vendor": "atlassian",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "7.1918",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "7.19",
                "versionType": "custom"
              },
              {
                "lessThan": "8.5.5",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "8.5",
                "versionType": "custom"
              },
              {
                "lessThan": "8.7.2",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "8.7",
                "versionType": "custom"
              },
              {
                "lessThan": "8.8.0",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "8.8",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "product": "confluence_server",
            "vendor": "atlassian",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "7.19.18",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "7.19",
                "versionType": "custom"
              },
              {
                "lessThan": "8.5.5",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "8.5",
                "versionType": "custom"
              },
              {
                "lessThan": "8.7.2",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "8.7",
                "versionType": "custom"
              },
              {
                "lessThan": "8.8.0",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "8.8",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
              "attackVector": "LOCAL",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 6.4,
              "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-21703",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-11-27T17:24:22.500451Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-732",
                "description": "CWE-732 Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-11-27T17:33:53.585Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "Confluence Data Center",
          "vendor": "Atlassian",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.7.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "8.8.0 to 8.8.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "8.7.2"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "8.5.5 to 8.5.17"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.19.18 to 7.19.29"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "product": "Confluence Server",
          "vendor": "Atlassian",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "8.5.5 to 8.5.17"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.19.18 to 7.19.29"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Chris Elliot"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "This Medium severity Security Misconfiguration vulnerability was introduced in version 8.8.1 of Confluence Data Center and Server for Windows installations.\n\n\n\nThis Security Misconfiguration vulnerability, with a CVSS Score of 6.4 allows an authenticated attacker of the Windows host to read sensitive information about the Confluence Data Center configuration which has high impact to confidentiality, high impact to integrity,  high impact to availability, and no user interaction.\n\n\n\nAtlassian recommends that Confluence Data Center and Server customers upgrade to the latest version, if you are unable to do so, upgrade your instance to one of the specified supported fixed versions:\n\n* Confluence Data Center and Server 7.19: Upgrade to a release greater than or equal to 7.19.18 \n* Confluence Data Center and Server 8.5: Upgrade to a release greater than or equal to 8.5.5\n* Confluence Data Center and Server 8.7: Upgrade to a release greater than or equal to 8.7.2\n* Confluence Data Center and Server 8.8: Upgrade to a release greater than or equal to 8.8.0\n\n\n\nSee the release notes (https://confluence.atlassian.com/conf88/confluence-release-notes-1354501008.html ). You can download the latest version of Confluence Data Center and Server from the download center (https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/download-archives ). \n\nThis vulnerability was reported via our Atlassian Bug Bounty Program by Chris Elliot."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "Security Misconfiguration",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "Security Misconfiguration"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2024-11-27T17:00:01.507Z",
        "orgId": "f08a6ab8-ed46-4c22-8884-d911ccfe3c66",
        "shortName": "atlassian"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CONFSERVER-98413"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f08a6ab8-ed46-4c22-8884-d911ccfe3c66",
    "assignerShortName": "atlassian",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-21703",
    "datePublished": "2024-11-27T17:00:01.507Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-01-01T00:05:33.849Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-11-27T17:33:53.585Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

BDU:2024-10772

CVE-2024-21703 (GCVE-0-2024-21703)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature