Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-H7WR-284F-5QVC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-23 20:49 – Updated: 2026-10-28 18:58

Summary

Echo: Decompress permits unbounded gzip expansion in v4

Details

Impact

Echo v4's opt-in Decompress middleware exposed a gzip-decoded request stream without limiting its expanded size. A small compressed request could therefore produce a very large decoded body. Handlers that read or bind that body could consume excessive memory or CPU, and repeated or concurrent requests could cause denial of service.

The middleware is not enabled by default. A limit on the compressed request size alone does not bound the decompressed size. Applications that already apply an effective body limit after decompression have reduced exposure.

Affected versions and patch

Echo v4 versions through v4.16.0 are affected. Upgrade to v4.16.1.

The patch adds DecompressConfig.MaxDecompressedSize, defaulting to 100 MiB when zero. A value of -1 explicitly disables the limit. Reading beyond the cap returns ErrStatusRequestEntityTooLarge (HTTP 413), including through JSON and XML binding. Bodies exactly at the configured limit remain valid. Streaming enforcement requires callers to handle body-read errors.

Fix commit.

Workarounds

Disable gzip request decompression on exposed routes, or place BodyLimit after Decompress so the application limit applies to decoded bytes. Apply suitable request deadlines and concurrency limits as well.

Credits

Reported by @q490107865. The exact-limit behavior incorporates @Shubham-Padkonde's work in #3136.

Severity

8.2 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.16.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-118261"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-409"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-23T20:49:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\n\nEcho v4\u0027s opt-in Decompress middleware exposed a gzip-decoded request stream without limiting its expanded size. A small compressed request could therefore produce a very large decoded body. Handlers that read or bind that body could consume excessive memory or CPU, and repeated or concurrent requests could cause denial of service.\n\nThe middleware is not enabled by default. A limit on the compressed request size alone does not bound the decompressed size. Applications that already apply an effective body limit after decompression have reduced exposure.\n\n## Affected versions and patch\n\nEcho v4 versions through v4.16.0 are affected. Upgrade to [v4.16.1](https://github.com/labstack/echo/releases/tag/v4.16.1).\n\nThe patch adds `DecompressConfig.MaxDecompressedSize`, defaulting to 100 MiB when zero. A value of `-1` explicitly disables the limit. Reading beyond the cap returns `ErrStatusRequestEntityTooLarge` (HTTP 413), including through JSON and XML binding. Bodies exactly at the configured limit remain valid. Streaming enforcement requires callers to handle body-read errors.\n\n[Fix commit](https://github.com/labstack/echo/commit/3fb0ba7e17645bb65611e2a08875d0a2f65c421f).\n\n## Workarounds\n\nDisable gzip request decompression on exposed routes, or place BodyLimit after Decompress so the application limit applies to decoded bytes. Apply suitable request deadlines and concurrency limits as well.\n\n## Credits\n\nReported by @q490107865. The exact-limit behavior incorporates @Shubham-Padkonde\u0027s work in [#3136](https://github.com/labstack/echo/pull/3136).",
  "id": "GHSA-h7wr-284f-5qvc",
  "modified": "2026-10-28T18:58:50Z",
  "published": "2026-10-23T20:49:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/labstack/echo/security/advisories/GHSA-h7wr-284f-5qvc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/labstack/echo/pull/3136"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/labstack/echo/commit/3fb0ba7e17645bb65611e2a08875d0a2f65c421f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/labstack/echo"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/labstack/echo/releases/tag/v4.16.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Echo: Decompress permits unbounded gzip expansion in v4"
}

CVE-2026-118261 (GCVE-0-2026-118261)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 18:58 – Updated: 2026-10-29 20:54

Title

Echo: Decompress permits unbounded gzip expansion in v4

Summary

Echo is a Go web framework. From 4.0.0 until 4.16.1, Echo v4's opt-in Decompress middleware exposes a gzip-decoded request stream without limiting its expanded size. A small compressed request can expand into a very large body when a handler reads or binds it, consuming excessive memory or CPU and allowing repeated or concurrent requests to cause denial of service. The middleware is not enabled by default, and limiting only the compressed request size does not bound the decoded size. This issue is fixed in 4.16.1.

Severity

8.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-29 15:28 UTC

CWE

CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 8129 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/labstack/echo/security/advisor…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/labstack/echo/commit/3fb0ba7e1…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/labstack/echo/releases/tag/v4.16.1	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
labstack	echo	Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.16.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-118261",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-29T15:28:34.378293Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-29T20:54:55.973Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "echo",
          "vendor": "labstack",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 4.16.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Echo is a Go web framework. From 4.0.0 until 4.16.1, Echo v4\u0027s opt-in Decompress middleware exposes a gzip-decoded request stream without limiting its expanded size. A small compressed request can expand into a very large body when a handler reads or binds it, consuming excessive memory or CPU and allowing repeated or concurrent requests to cause denial of service. The middleware is not enabled by default, and limiting only the compressed request size does not bound the decoded size. This issue is fixed in 4.16.1."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.2,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-400",
              "description": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-409",
              "description": "CWE-409: Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-28T18:58:43.504Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/labstack/echo/security/advisories/GHSA-h7wr-284f-5qvc",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/labstack/echo/security/advisories/GHSA-h7wr-284f-5qvc"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/labstack/echo/commit/3fb0ba7e17645bb65611e2a08875d0a2f65c421f",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/labstack/echo/commit/3fb0ba7e17645bb65611e2a08875d0a2f65c421f"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/labstack/echo/releases/tag/v4.16.1",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/labstack/echo/releases/tag/v4.16.1"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-h7wr-284f-5qvc",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Echo: Decompress permits unbounded gzip expansion in v4"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-118261",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-28T18:58:43.504Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-27T20:13:55.314Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-29T20:54:55.973Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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