{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "openssl-encrypt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-31T23:41:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "## Severity: HIGH\n\n### Summary\n\nThe TOTP brute-force rate limiter in `openssl_encrypt_server/modules/pepper/totp.py` at **lines 47-98** uses an in-memory `defaultdict(list)` as a class variable.\n\n### Affected Code\n\n```python\nclass TOTPRateLimiter:\n    def __init__(self, ...):\n        self.attempts: Dict[str, List[datetime]] = defaultdict(list)\n        self.lockouts: Dict[str, datetime] = {}\n\nclass TOTPService:\n    _rate_limiter = TOTPRateLimiter()  # Class variable, in-memory only\n```\n\n### Impact\n\n1. Rate limit state is **not shared** across multiple server instances/workers \u2014 an attacker can distribute attempts\n2. All rate limit state is **lost on server restart** \u2014 allows immediate retry\n3. In multi-worker deployments, each worker has independent rate limit state\n\n### Recommended Fix\n\n- Use Redis or the database for rate limit state storage\n- Or use a shared-memory approach for multi-worker deployments\n- At minimum, persist lockout state to survive restarts\n\n### Fix\n\nFixed in commit `2749bc0` on branch `releases/1.4.x` \u2014 added abstract RateLimitBackend with InMemoryBackend and DatabaseBackend implementations; defaults to DatabaseBackend when DB available.",
  "id": "GHSA-h45m-mgcp-q388",
  "modified": "2026-03-31T23:41:26Z",
  "published": "2026-03-31T23:41:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jahlives/openssl_encrypt/security/advisories/GHSA-h45m-mgcp-q388"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jahlives/openssl_encrypt/commit/2749bc0949b34a5921a35fb4a3f1856fc51916de"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jahlives/openssl_encrypt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "openssl-encrypt: TOTP rate limiter is in-memory only \u2014 not shared across workers, lost on restart"
}