CVE-2026-44339 (GCVE-0-2026-44339)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 13:37 – Updated: 2026-05-08 21:27
VLAI
Title
PraisonAI has unsafe tool resolution in `ToolExecutionMixin.execute_tool`: undeclared `__main__` callables execute
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37, praisonaiagents resolves unresolved tool names against module globals and __main__ after it fails to match the declared tool list and the registry. With the default agent configuration, _perm_allow is None, so undeclared non-dangerous tool names are not rejected by the permission gate. An attacker who can influence tool-call names can therefore invoke unintended application callables that were never declared as tools. This issue has been patched in praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-08 17:03 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 8129 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
MervinPraison PraisonAI Affected: praisonaiagents < 1.6.37
Affected: praisonai < 4.6.37
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-44339",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-08T17:03:56.082162Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T21:27:22.924Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-gmjg-hv98-qggq"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "PraisonAI",
          "vendor": "MervinPraison",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "praisonaiagents \u003c 1.6.37"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "praisonai \u003c 4.6.37"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37, praisonaiagents resolves unresolved tool names against module globals and __main__ after it fails to match the declared tool list and the registry. With the default agent configuration, _perm_allow is None, so undeclared non-dangerous tool names are not rejected by the permission gate. An attacker who can influence tool-call names can therefore invoke unintended application callables that were never declared as tools. This issue has been patched in praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 8.6,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-470",
              "description": "CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T13:37:09.706Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-gmjg-hv98-qggq",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-gmjg-hv98-qggq"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-gmjg-hv98-qggq",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "PraisonAI has unsafe tool resolution in `ToolExecutionMixin.execute_tool`: undeclared `__main__` callables execute"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-44339",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-08T13:37:09.706Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-05T19:52:59.147Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T21:27:22.924Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-44339",
      "date": "2026-10-30",
      "epss": "0.00363",
      "percentile": "0.30124"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "PraisonAI",
                "vendor": "MervinPraison",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "praisonaiagents \u003c 1.6.37"
                  },
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "praisonai \u003c 4.6.37"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:praison:praisonai:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "A4E257B3-EAC7-4FEF-B4DD-E262F1922CDF",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.37",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:praison:praisonaiagents:*:*:*:*:*:python:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "7FC5B4FE-995C-40C9-92E3-4C30D9445F89",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "1.6.37",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37, praisonaiagents resolves unresolved tool names against module globals and __main__ after it fails to match the declared tool list and the registry. With the default agent configuration, _perm_allow is None, so undeclared non-dangerous tool names are not rejected by the permission gate. An attacker who can influence tool-call names can therefore invoke unintended application callables that were never declared as tools. This issue has been patched in praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "PraisonAI es un sistema de equipos multiagente. Antes de la versi\u00f3n 4.6.37 de praisonai y la versi\u00f3n 1.6.37 de praisonaiagents, praisonaiagents resuelve los nombres de herramientas no resueltos contra las variables globales del m\u00f3dulo y __main__ despu\u00e9s de que no logra coincidir con la lista de herramientas declaradas y el registro. Con la configuraci\u00f3n de agente predeterminada, _perm_allow es None, por lo tanto, los nombres de herramientas no peligrosas no declaradas no son rechazados por la puerta de permisos. Un atacante que puede influir en los nombres de las llamadas a herramientas puede, por lo tanto, invocar elementos invocables de la aplicaci\u00f3n no intencionados que nunca fueron declarados como herramientas. Este problema ha sido parcheado en la versi\u00f3n 4.6.37 de praisonai y la versi\u00f3n 1.6.37 de praisonaiagents."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-44339",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-26T18:10:00.173",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
                "baseScore": 8.6,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 4.7,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-44339",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-08T17:03:56.082162Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-05-08T14:16:46.887",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-gmjg-hv98-qggq"
          },
          {
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-gmjg-hv98-qggq"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-470"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-05T19:11:52+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-44339",
      "id": "CVE-2026-44339",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "PraisonAI has unsafe tool resolution in `ToolExecutionMixin.execute_tool`: undeclared `__main__` callables execute",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-44339.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2026-44339",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "yes"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-05-08T17:03:56.082162Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T17:04:12.417Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "tags": [
                  "exploit"
                ],
                "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-gmjg-hv98-qggq"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "PraisonAI",
              "vendor": "MervinPraison",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "praisonaiagents \u003c 1.6.37"
                },
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "praisonai \u003c 4.6.37"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37, praisonaiagents resolves unresolved tool names against module globals and __main__ after it fails to match the declared tool list and the registry. With the default agent configuration, _perm_allow is None, so undeclared non-dangerous tool names are not rejected by the permission gate. An attacker who can influence tool-call names can therefore invoke unintended application callables that were never declared as tools. This issue has been patched in praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
                "baseScore": 8.6,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-470",
                  "description": "CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T13:37:09.706Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-gmjg-hv98-qggq",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-gmjg-hv98-qggq"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-gmjg-hv98-qggq",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "PraisonAI has unsafe tool resolution in `ToolExecutionMixin.execute_tool`: undeclared `__main__` callables execute"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-44339",
        "datePublished": "2026-05-08T13:37:09.706Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-05-05T19:52:59.147Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T21:27:22.924Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.