CVE-2025-40233 (GCVE-0-2025-40233)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 15:31 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:08
VLAI
Title
ocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents The extent map cache can become stale when extents are moved or defragmented, causing subsequent operations to see outdated extent flags. This triggers a BUG_ON in ocfs2_refcount_cal_cow_clusters(). The problem occurs when: 1. copy_file_range() creates a reflinked extent with OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED 2. ioctl(FITRIM) triggers ocfs2_move_extents() 3. __ocfs2_move_extents_range() reads and caches the extent (flags=0x2) 4. ocfs2_move_extent()/ocfs2_defrag_extent() calls __ocfs2_move_extent() which clears OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED flag on disk (flags=0x0) 5. The extent map cache is not invalidated after the move 6. Later write() operations read stale cached flags (0x2) but disk has updated flags (0x0), causing a mismatch 7. BUG_ON(!(rec->e_flags & OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED)) triggers Fix by clearing the extent map cache after each extent move/defrag operation in __ocfs2_move_extents_range(). This ensures subsequent operations read fresh extent data from disk.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7033 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < 93166bc53c0e3587058327a4121daea34b4fecd5 (git)
Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < a7ee72286efba1d407c6f15a0528e43593fb7007 (git)
Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < 93b1ab422f1966b71561158e1aedce4ec100f357 (git)
Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < e92af7737a94a729225d2a5d180eaaa77fe0bbc1 (git)
Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < aa6a21409dd6221bb268b56bb410e031c632ff9a (git)
Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < bb69928ed578f881e68d26aaf1a8f6e7faab3b44 (git)
Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < a21750df2f6169af6e039a3bb4893d6c9564e48d (git)
Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < 78a63493f8e352296dbc7cb7b3f4973105e8679e (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 3.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.301 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.246 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.196 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.158 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.115 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.56 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.6 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents\n\nThe extent map cache can become stale when extents are moved or\ndefragmented, causing subsequent operations to see outdated extent flags. \nThis triggers a BUG_ON in ocfs2_refcount_cal_cow_clusters().\n\nThe problem occurs when:\n1. copy_file_range() creates a reflinked extent with OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED\n2. ioctl(FITRIM) triggers ocfs2_move_extents()\n3. __ocfs2_move_extents_range() reads and caches the extent (flags=0x2)\n4. ocfs2_move_extent()/ocfs2_defrag_extent() calls __ocfs2_move_extent()\n   which clears OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED flag on disk (flags=0x0)\n5. The extent map cache is not invalidated after the move\n6. Later write() operations read stale cached flags (0x2) but disk has\n   updated flags (0x0), causing a mismatch\n7. BUG_ON(!(rec-\u003ee_flags \u0026 OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED)) triggers\n\nFix by clearing the extent map cache after each extent move/defrag\noperation in __ocfs2_move_extents_range().  This ensures subsequent\noperations read fresh extent data from disk."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through the OCFS2_IOC_MOVE_EXT ioctl and a subsequent write()/read() on a local file descriptor, requiring local system access. No remote protocol handler is involved.\nAC:L - The trigger is a deterministic, fully attacker-controlled sequence (copy_file_range \u2192 OCFS2_IOC_MOVE_EXT \u2192 write) with no race window, no memory-layout dependency, and no reliance on any condition outside the attacker\u0027s control; syzbot reproduced it reliably.\nPR:L - OCFS2_IOC_MOVE_EXT has no capability check whatsoever (unlike FITRIM in the same switch which requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN); any unprivileged local user holding a writable fd on a regular file of a mounted ocfs2 volume can drive the whole sequence.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step on its own file descriptor with no action by any other user; the ocfs2 mount is a pre-existing property of the deployment, not an action the attacker must induce.\nS:U - The corruption and crash are confined to the kernel and the filesystem\u0027s own on-disk data within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale extent-map entry retains the old physical cluster, which is freed to the global bitmap by the truncate-log flush at the end of the move, so later reads (O_DIRECT or buffered after cache eviction) resolve through the stale mapping and return the contents of clusters the allocator has since handed to other users\u0027 or root-owned files.\nI:H - The same stale cpos\u2192old_phys mapping is used for writes and writeback, so attacker-controlled data lands on physical clusters now owned by a different file, giving arbitrary on-disk corruption of files the attacker has no write permission to.\nA:H - BUG_ON(!(rec-\u003ee_flags \u0026 OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED)) at fs/ocfs2/refcounttree.c:2683 oopses the task while it holds inode_lock, ip_alloc_sem and the ocfs2 DLM inode lock, permanently wedging the filesystem and blocking other cluster nodes; with panic_on_oops it is a full system panic."
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
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      "title": "ocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40233",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-04T15:31:23.891Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.180Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:43.055Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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    "microsoft_vex": {
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      "cve": "CVE-2025-40233",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40233",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "ocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40233.json",
      "version": "3"
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        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents\n\nThe extent map cache can become stale when extents are moved or\ndefragmented, causing subsequent operations to see outdated extent flags. \nThis triggers a BUG_ON in ocfs2_refcount_cal_cow_clusters().\n\nThe problem occurs when:\n1. copy_file_range() creates a reflinked extent with OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED\n2. ioctl(FITRIM) triggers ocfs2_move_extents()\n3. __ocfs2_move_extents_range() reads and caches the extent (flags=0x2)\n4. ocfs2_move_extent()/ocfs2_defrag_extent() calls __ocfs2_move_extent()\n   which clears OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED flag on disk (flags=0x0)\n5. The extent map cache is not invalidated after the move\n6. Later write() operations read stale cached flags (0x2) but disk has\n   updated flags (0x0), causing a mismatch\n7. BUG_ON(!(rec-\u003ee_flags \u0026 OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED)) triggers\n\nFix by clearing the extent map cache after each extent move/defrag\noperation in __ocfs2_move_extents_range().  This ensures subsequent\noperations read fresh extent data from disk."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nocfs2: limpiar la cach\u00e9 de extents despu\u00e9s de mover/desfragmentar extents\n\nLa cach\u00e9 del mapa de extents puede quedar obsoleta cuando los extents son movidos o desfragmentados, lo que provoca que las operaciones subsiguientes vean flags de extent desactualizados. Esto dispara un BUG_ON en ocfs2_refcount_cal_cow_clusters().\n\nEl problema ocurre cuando:\n1. copy_file_range() crea un extent con reflink con OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED\n2. ioctl(FITRIM) dispara ocfs2_move_extents()\n3. __ocfs2_move_extents_range() lee y cachea el extent (flags=0x2)\n4. ocfs2_move_extent()/ocfs2_defrag_extent() llama a __ocfs2_move_extent() que borra el flag OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED en disco (flags=0x0)\n5. La cach\u00e9 del mapa de extents no se invalida despu\u00e9s del movimiento\n6. Operaciones de write() posteriores leen flags cacheados obsoletos (0x2) pero el disco tiene flags actualizados (0x0), causando una inconsistencia\n7. Se dispara BUG_ON(!(rec-\u003ee_flags \u0026 OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED))\n\nLa soluci\u00f3n es limpiar la cach\u00e9 del mapa de extents despu\u00e9s de cada operaci\u00f3n de movimiento/desfragmentaci\u00f3n de extents en __ocfs2_move_extents_range(). Esto asegura que las operaciones subsiguientes lean datos de extent frescos del disco."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-40233",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-12-04T16:16:16.137",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78a63493f8e352296dbc7cb7b3f4973105e8679e"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93166bc53c0e3587058327a4121daea34b4fecd5"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93b1ab422f1966b71561158e1aedce4ec100f357"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a21750df2f6169af6e039a3bb4893d6c9564e48d"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7ee72286efba1d407c6f15a0528e43593fb7007"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa6a21409dd6221bb268b56bb410e031c632ff9a"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb69928ed578f881e68d26aaf1a8f6e7faab3b44"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e92af7737a94a729225d2a5d180eaaa77fe0bbc1"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:20:22+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40233",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40233",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-04T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: ocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40233.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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