CVE-2026-98490 (GCVE-0-2026-98490)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-18 15:16 – Updated: 2026-10-30 12:38
VLAI
Title
net: openvswitch: conntrack: fix helper UAF due to extensions realloc
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: openvswitch: conntrack: fix helper UAF due to extensions realloc While calling the helpers, a raw pointer to the extensions area is wired into expectations list: -> nf_ct_helper() -> helper->help() -> nf_ct_expect_related_report() -> nf_ct_expect_insert() -> hlist_add_head_rcu(&exp->lnode, &master_help->expectations) In case the connection is not confirmed yet, more extensions can be added afterwards with *_ext_add() calls reallocating the extension space and leaving the now invalid pointer in the expectations list that is later accessed while removing the expectation. Make sure that helpers are called at the end after all the other extensions are already added. Note that the helper rejection now leaves the mark and labels set, but that's not different from how the NAT was handled before or how the mark and the labels were handled on confirmation failure. And there are no atomicity guarantees provided by the API anyway.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6639 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < f53d13a286fb275bda0efdf445b8a1e4dfcb717b (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < 84d47a83b7b717576de0defab46b8823a22853b0 (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < 9f308197395c1a524b736e401cbc8a2ed7d246c9 (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < 18866dc1f525f9ee4de7709529d1ae1af8d8e8be (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < afcf362625190c5260530b1d6c7daa98831f6b83 (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < 5f23080a625dd7855ab91485c8d691a54a1979f0 (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < e02a83bb0b7a203f6a22f55ad5f426765560f811 (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < 1a4151e6be57b098b7a5ebfbde58585e83200cdc (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.3
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.273 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.224 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.191 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.160 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.112 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.55 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.9 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/openvswitch/conntrack.c"
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: openvswitch: conntrack: fix helper UAF due to extensions realloc\n\nWhile calling the helpers, a raw pointer to the extensions area is\nwired into expectations list:\n\n  -\u003e nf_ct_helper()\n   -\u003e helper-\u003ehelp()\n    -\u003e nf_ct_expect_related_report()\n     -\u003e nf_ct_expect_insert()\n      -\u003e hlist_add_head_rcu(\u0026exp-\u003elnode, \u0026master_help-\u003eexpectations)\n\nIn case the connection is not confirmed yet, more extensions can be\nadded afterwards with *_ext_add() calls reallocating the extension\nspace and leaving the now invalid pointer in the expectations list\nthat is later accessed while removing the expectation.\n\nMake sure that helpers are called at the end after all the other\nextensions are already added.\n\nNote that the helper rejection now leaves the mark and labels set,\nbut that\u0027s not different from how the NAT was handled before or how\nthe mark and the labels were handled on confirmation failure.  And\nthere are no atomicity guarantees provided by the API anyway."
        }
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      "metrics": [
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            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
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              "value": "AV:N - A remote UDP TFTP RRQ/WRQ received by an OVS vport follows netdev_frame_hook()-\u003eovs_dp_process_packet()-\u003eovs_ct_execute(); a matching committing CT action with helper=tftp lets tftp_help() create the expectation before vulnerable ovs_ct_commit() grows ct-\u003eext.\nAC:L - In the affected helper/NAT/timeout action, the sender can issue one RRQ/WRQ to create the expectation and a duplicate to make __nf_ct_expect_check() unlink it after nf_conn_act_ct_ext_add() moves ct-\u003eext; no race or separate actor is needed.\nPR:N - The netdev_frame_hook() packet path has no capability or authentication check for the peer; GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM gates only prior installation of the OVS action, not the remote sender whose TFTP message triggers tftp_help().\nUI:N - The remote peer creates and then unlinks the stale expectation by sending protocol messages; no victim must mount, open, approve, or otherwise interact with anything.\nS:U - The stale expectation linkage corrupts memory within the same host kernel executing ovs_ct_commit(); this is ordinary kernel compromise, not a VM, IOMMU, or other security-authority boundary crossing.\nC:H - After nf_ct_ext_add() frees the old ct-\u003eext block, exp-\u003elnode.pprev retains an address in that allocation; reclaiming the freed slab permits UAF exploitation against kernel heap contents and arbitrary disclosure.\nI:H - When the expectation is removed, __hlist_del() executes WRITE_ONCE(*pprev, next) through stale exp-\u003elnode.pprev into freed or reused slab memory, providing exploitable kernel heap corruption and control-flow potential.\nA:H - A duplicate expectation or nf_ct_remove_expectations() activates the dangling list pointer, so the resulting invalid write can corrupt the heap and cause a kernel oops or panic."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:38:17.458Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f53d13a286fb275bda0efdf445b8a1e4dfcb717b"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84d47a83b7b717576de0defab46b8823a22853b0"
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    "datePublished": "2026-10-18T15:16:19.215Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:25:14.352Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:38:17.458Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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    "microsoft_vex": {
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      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "net: openvswitch: conntrack: fix helper UAF due to extensions realloc",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-98490.json",
      "version": "6"
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      "cve": {
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            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: openvswitch: conntrack: fix helper UAF due to extensions realloc\n\nWhile calling the helpers, a raw pointer to the extensions area is\nwired into expectations list:\n\n  -\u003e nf_ct_helper()\n   -\u003e helper-\u003ehelp()\n    -\u003e nf_ct_expect_related_report()\n     -\u003e nf_ct_expect_insert()\n      -\u003e hlist_add_head_rcu(\u0026exp-\u003elnode, \u0026master_help-\u003eexpectations)\n\nIn case the connection is not confirmed yet, more extensions can be\nadded afterwards with *_ext_add() calls reallocating the extension\nspace and leaving the now invalid pointer in the expectations list\nthat is later accessed while removing the expectation.\n\nMake sure that helpers are called at the end after all the other\nextensions are already added.\n\nNote that the helper rejection now leaves the mark and labels set,\nbut that\u0027s not different from how the NAT was handled before or how\nthe mark and the labels were handled on confirmation failure.  And\nthere are no atomicity guarantees provided by the API anyway."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-98490",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-30T13:21:14.923",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.8,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-10-18T16:16:59.903",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18866dc1f525f9ee4de7709529d1ae1af8d8e8be"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a4151e6be57b098b7a5ebfbde58585e83200cdc"
          },
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            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84d47a83b7b717576de0defab46b8823a22853b0"
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            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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          {
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          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e02a83bb0b7a203f6a22f55ad5f426765560f811"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f53d13a286fb275bda0efdf445b8a1e4dfcb717b"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-05T00:21:00+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98490",
      "id": "CVE-2026-98490",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-10-18T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "189",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net: openvswitch: conntrack: fix helper UAF due to extensions realloc",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-98490.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.