CVE-2026-93111 (GCVE-0-2026-93111)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 16:11 – Updated: 2026-10-19 09:05
VLAI
Title
bpf: Mark tracing_multi trampolines as ftrace managed
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Mark tracing_multi trampolines as ftrace managed Since tracing_multi link does not set ftrace_managed, it would fail to release the tracing_multi link when attaching tracing_multi link and then attaching fentry link. [ 3.714215] WARNING: kernel/bpf/trampoline.c:1727 at bpf_trampoline_multi_detach+0x20b/0x240, CPU#1: test_progs/97 ... [ 3.733170] bpf_tracing_multi_link_release+0x14/0x30 [ 3.733890] bpf_link_free+0x58/0x130 [ 3.734414] bpf_link_release+0x23/0x30 Fix it by setting 'ftrace_managed = true' in register_fentry_multi().
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6639 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: aef4dfa790b22d8052cfb78044eadbe03c876c39 , < 280145253fd38fa975cc04963ddaf74c7f415011 (git)
Affected: aef4dfa790b22d8052cfb78044eadbe03c876c39 , < 30bdd6d1384d894931f113eb595636092d8e650c (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 7.2
Unaffected: 0 , < 7.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.6 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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Show details on NVD website
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/bpf/trampoline.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
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          "versions": [
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              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.6",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "7.2",
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              "operator": "OR"
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Mark tracing_multi trampolines as ftrace managed\n\nSince tracing_multi link does not set ftrace_managed, it would fail to\nrelease the tracing_multi link when attaching tracing_multi link and\nthen attaching fentry link.\n\n[    3.714215] WARNING: kernel/bpf/trampoline.c:1727 at bpf_trampoline_multi_detach+0x20b/0x240, CPU#1: test_progs/97\n...\n[    3.733170]  bpf_tracing_multi_link_release+0x14/0x30\n[    3.733890]  bpf_link_free+0x58/0x130\n[    3.734414]  bpf_link_release+0x23/0x30\n\nFix it by setting \u0027ftrace_managed = true\u0027 in register_fentry_multi()."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Reached only via local bpf(2): BPF_PROG_LOAD of BPF_TRACE_FENTRY_MULTI then BPF_LINK_CREATE \u2192 link_create() \u2192 bpf_tracing_multi_attach() \u2192 register_fentry_multi(), then a regular BPF_TRACE_FENTRY BPF_LINK_CREATE through bpf_tracing_prog_attach(). The trigger is that attach order, not a remote protocol message.\nAC:L - The attacker chooses the order: tracing_multi first so register_fentry_multi() never sets tr-\u003efunc.ftrace_managed, then fentry so modify_fentry() takes bpf_arch_text_poke() instead of direct_ops_mod(), then close() of the tracing_multi fd into bpf_trampoline_multi_detach(). No race or uninfluenced victim state is required.\nPR:L - bpf_prog_load() for BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING (fentry.multi and fentry) requires bpf_token_capable(CAP_BPF) and, via is_perfmon_prog_type(), bpf_token_capable(CAP_PERFMON). Those caps are delegable with a BPF token into a non-init user namespace, so this is Low rather than init-namespace root.\nUI:N - The attacker loads both programs, creates the tracing_multi and fentry links, and closes the tracing_multi fd themselves (bpf_link_release \u2192 bpf_tracing_multi_link_release). No other user must mount, open, or otherwise act on attacker-supplied objects.\nS:U - The use-after-free is of a kernel bpf_tramp_image that remains an ftrace direct-call target. That is in-kernel privilege escalation, not a KVM/Xen guest-to-host or IOMMU boundary cross, so scope stays Unchanged.\nC:H - modify_fentry() text-pokes the fentry site to Image B and bpf_tramp_image_put()s Image A; bpf_trampoline_multi_detach() still bpf_tramp_image_put()s Image B in bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free() after update_ftrace_direct_del/mod fails, so a later call of the hooked function executes freed trampoline memory.\nI:H - The hooked function\u2019s live CALL/JMP still targets the trampoline image bpf_trampoline_multi_attach_free() freed after the failed ftrace update, so reclaiming that JIT page hijacks control flow at the ftrace site (arbitrary kernel write/execute).\nA:H - bpf_trampoline_multi_detach() hits WARN_ON_ONCE(update_ftrace_direct_del()) at trampoline.c:1727 when ftrace\u2019s recorded direct target no longer matches the poked site, and the subsequent jump into the freed bpf_tramp_image oopses or panics."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T09:05:44.850Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/280145253fd38fa975cc04963ddaf74c7f415011"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30bdd6d1384d894931f113eb595636092d8e650c"
        }
      ],
      "title": "bpf: Mark tracing_multi trampolines as ftrace managed",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-93111",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-17T16:11:20.464Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-17T16:02:15.086Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T09:05:44.850Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-93111",
      "date": "2026-11-09",
      "epss": "0.00165",
      "percentile": "0.05757"
    },
    "nvd": {
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                "programFiles": [
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                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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                "versions": [
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                "versions": [
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                  }
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          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Mark tracing_multi trampolines as ftrace managed\n\nSince tracing_multi link does not set ftrace_managed, it would fail to\nrelease the tracing_multi link when attaching tracing_multi link and\nthen attaching fentry link.\n\n[    3.714215] WARNING: kernel/bpf/trampoline.c:1727 at bpf_trampoline_multi_detach+0x20b/0x240, CPU#1: test_progs/97\n...\n[    3.733170]  bpf_tracing_multi_link_release+0x14/0x30\n[    3.733890]  bpf_link_free+0x58/0x130\n[    3.734414]  bpf_link_release+0x23/0x30\n\nFix it by setting \u0027ftrace_managed = true\u0027 in register_fentry_multi()."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-93111",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-19T10:17:01.013",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
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              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
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        "published": "2026-09-17T17:18:05.580",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/280145253fd38fa975cc04963ddaf74c7f415011"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30bdd6d1384d894931f113eb595636092d8e650c"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-06T01:58:32+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-93111",
      "id": "CVE-2026-93111",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-17T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "203",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: bpf: Mark tracing_multi trampolines as ftrace managed",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-93111.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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