CVE-2026-90177 (GCVE-0-2026-90177)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 16:07 – Updated: 2026-10-21 12:50
VLAI
Title
bpf: Check pointer type for all atomic RMW paths
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Check pointer type for all atomic RMW paths Atomic RMW verification records an instruction pointer type only when the current destination is PTR_TO_ARENA. A second path can therefore reach the same instruction with an ordinary pointer without comparing it against the saved arena type. The post-verification fixup uses the saved type to rewrite the instruction to BPF_PROBE_ATOMIC for every path. Record the actual destination type for all atomic RMW paths so the existing mismatch check rejects incompatible uses of one instruction.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6820 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: d503a04f8bc0c75dc9db9452d8cc79d748afb752 , < b14dabe9656c1029abf3aa01e69c0d62f37f2f88 (git)
Affected: d503a04f8bc0c75dc9db9452d8cc79d748afb752 , < d4ba9d888ac0a8f12c78071fff73e1205a0b9293 (git)
Affected: d503a04f8bc0c75dc9db9452d8cc79d748afb752 , < eb287c6e81dedef92da01eb947f380d0aae513c3 (git)
Affected: d503a04f8bc0c75dc9db9452d8cc79d748afb752 , < 4bc49ae344d65cfcef738f281ac575cf73ca2fc5 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 6.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.10 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.114 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.57 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.6 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d503a04f8bc0c75dc9db9452d8cc79d748afb752",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "d4ba9d888ac0a8f12c78071fff73e1205a0b9293",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d503a04f8bc0c75dc9db9452d8cc79d748afb752",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "eb287c6e81dedef92da01eb947f380d0aae513c3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d503a04f8bc0c75dc9db9452d8cc79d748afb752",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4bc49ae344d65cfcef738f281ac575cf73ca2fc5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d503a04f8bc0c75dc9db9452d8cc79d748afb752",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
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        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.10"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.10",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.114",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.57",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.6",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.114",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.57",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.6",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Check pointer type for all atomic RMW paths\n\nAtomic RMW verification records an instruction pointer type only when the\ncurrent destination is PTR_TO_ARENA. A second path can therefore reach the\nsame instruction with an ordinary pointer without comparing it against the\nsaved arena type.\n\nThe post-verification fixup uses the saved type to rewrite the instruction\nto BPF_PROBE_ATOMIC for every path. Record the actual destination type for\nall atomic RMW paths so the existing mismatch check rejects incompatible\nuses of one instruction."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The attacker-controlled input is the BPF instruction stream copied in bpf_prog_load() from bpf(2) BPF_PROG_LOAD (__sys_bpf). do_check_insn() then check_atomic() then check_atomic_rmw() sees a mixed PTR_TO_ARENA versus kernel-pointer atomic; that bytecode is local syscall input, not a remote protocol payload.\nAC:L - The attacker authors both verifier paths: one branch with a PTR_TO_ARENA destination and another with PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE or PTR_TO_STACK at the same BPF_ATOMIC RMW. check_atomic_rmw() records only the arena type, bpf_convert_ctx_accesses() rewrites it to BPF_PROBE_ATOMIC, and bpf_prog_test_run_syscall() takes the non-arena path on demand.\nPR:L - The mixed path needs a BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARENA map; check_map_prog_compatibility() rejects that unless env-\u003ebpf_capable and env-\u003eallow_ptr_leaks (bpf_token_capable(CAP_BPF) and bpf_token_capable(CAP_PERFMON)). bpf_token_capable() uses ns_capable() on a delegated token userns, so this is not init-namespace root.\nUI:N - The attacker creates the arena with BPF_MAP_CREATE, loads the mixed-path program with BPF_PROG_LOAD, and executes it via bpf_prog_test_run() to bpf_prog_test_run_syscall(); no other user must mount, open a file, or otherwise cooperate.\nS:U - The confused BPF_PROBE_ATOMIC is JITed as emit_atomic_rmw_index() adding arena kern_vm_start (R12) onto a kernel map or stack pointer and runs in the host kernel; that is host memory corruption, not a KVM/Xen guest-to-host escape or IOMMU bypass.\nC:H - After bpf_convert_ctx_accesses() rewrites the shared RMW to BPF_PROBE_ATOMIC, the non-arena path executes lock xchg/cmpxchg/fetch-add at (PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE or PTR_TO_STACK + bpf_arena_get_kern_vm_start()). BPF_FETCH, XCHG, and CMPXCHG return the old value from that address, an arbitrary kernel read.\nI:H - The same instruction performs an attacker-chosen atomic RMW (BPF_ADD/AND/OR/XOR/XCHG/CMPXCHG in check_atomic_rmw) at kernel_ptr+kern_vm_start. With CONFIG_VMAP_STACK or a vmalloc map, that sum is a canonical direct-map address, giving a kernel write primitive.\nA:H - An atomic RMW into the direct map corrupts live kernel state and can panic; a non-canonical or unmapped sum that a JIT does not cover with an exception table oopses. Type-confused kernel atomics are Availability High."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:50:19.113Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b14dabe9656c1029abf3aa01e69c0d62f37f2f88"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d4ba9d888ac0a8f12c78071fff73e1205a0b9293"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb287c6e81dedef92da01eb947f380d0aae513c3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4bc49ae344d65cfcef738f281ac575cf73ca2fc5"
        }
      ],
      "title": "bpf: Check pointer type for all atomic RMW paths",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-90177",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-17T16:07:03.097Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-11T19:38:34.791Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:50:19.113Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-90177",
      "date": "2026-11-02",
      "epss": "0.00164",
      "percentile": "0.05595"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-21T18:33:35.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-90177",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2026-90177",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-10-20T22:21:45.000Z",
      "product_status:under_investigation": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "bpf: Check pointer type for all atomic RMW paths",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-90177.json",
      "version": "2"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "b14dabe9656c1029abf3aa01e69c0d62f37f2f88",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "d503a04f8bc0c75dc9db9452d8cc79d748afb752",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
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                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "d503a04f8bc0c75dc9db9452d8cc79d748afb752",
                    "versionType": "git"
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                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
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                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "d503a04f8bc0c75dc9db9452d8cc79d748afb752",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "6.10"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6.10",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
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                  {
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                    "version": "6.12.114",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.18.57",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "7.2.6",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
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                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "7.3",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Check pointer type for all atomic RMW paths\n\nAtomic RMW verification records an instruction pointer type only when the\ncurrent destination is PTR_TO_ARENA. A second path can therefore reach the\nsame instruction with an ordinary pointer without comparing it against the\nsaved arena type.\n\nThe post-verification fixup uses the saved type to rewrite the instruction\nto BPF_PROBE_ATOMIC for every path. Record the actual destination type for\nall atomic RMW paths so the existing mismatch check rejects incompatible\nuses of one instruction."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-90177",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-21T13:20:42.120",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-09-17T17:17:11.623",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4bc49ae344d65cfcef738f281ac575cf73ca2fc5"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b14dabe9656c1029abf3aa01e69c0d62f37f2f88"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d4ba9d888ac0a8f12c78071fff73e1205a0b9293"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb287c6e81dedef92da01eb947f380d0aae513c3"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-29T12:20:52+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-90177",
      "id": "CVE-2026-90177",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-17T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "185",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "93",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: bpf: Check pointer type for all atomic RMW paths",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-90177.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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