CVE-2026-64530 (GCVE-0-2026-64530)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-26 06:28 – Updated: 2026-08-17 04:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net/sched: cls_api: Handle TC_ACT_CONSUMED in tcf_qevent_handle
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/sched: cls_api: Handle TC_ACT_CONSUMED in tcf_qevent_handle
tcf_classify() can return TC_ACT_CONSUMED while the skb is held by the
defragmentation engine (e.g. act_ct on out-of-order fragments). When
that happens the skb is no longer owned by the caller and must not be
touched again.
tcf_qevent_handle() did not handle TC_ACT_CONSUMED: it fell through the
switch and returned the skb to the caller as if classification had
passed. The only qdisc that wires up qevents today is RED, via three call sites
(qe_mark on RED_PROB_MARK/HARD_MARK, qe_early_drop on congestion_drop)
red_enqueue() was continuing to operate on an skb it no longer owns in this
case -- enqueueing it, dropping it, or updating statistics. Resulting in a UAF.
tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1: red ... qevent early_drop block 10
tc filter add block 10 ... action ct
(with ct defrag enabled and traffic that produces out-of-order
fragments, e.g. a fragmented UDP stream)
Handle TC_ACT_CONSUMED in tcf_qevent_handle() the same way the ingress
and egress fast paths do: treat it as stolen and return NULL without
touching the skb. Unlike the TC_ACT_STOLEN case, the skb must not be
dropped/freed here, as it is no longer owned by us.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
172ba7d46c202e679f3ccb10264c67416aaeb1c4 , < 5ed3d6f85991656667059d3fa5a1d683ac58c447
(git)
Affected: 0b5b831122fc3789fff75be433ba3e4dd7b779d4 , < f42e8134a3a1074b834a574d404352f867ba994a (git) Affected: 73f7da5fd124f2cda9161e2e46114915e6e82e97 , < 447d493034a9cf7bf13a2abac86d0573d907ec2f (git) Affected: 3f14b377d01d8357eba032b4cabc8c1149b458b6 , < e1270e69dcf2c3512c453484178f2e9dc0db3f05 (git) Affected: 3f14b377d01d8357eba032b4cabc8c1149b458b6 , < 2140c2f3f2e7b066e1ae616ede8856cafd8015e9 (git) Affected: 3f14b377d01d8357eba032b4cabc8c1149b458b6 , < e28aedab9488343924d227b5a896faed67ce84d5 (git) Affected: 3f14b377d01d8357eba032b4cabc8c1149b458b6 , < a8a02897f2b479127db261de05cbf0c28b98d159 (git) Affected: f5346df0591d10bc948761ca854b1fae6d2ef441 (git) Affected: 5.15.148 , < 5.15.212 (semver) Affected: 6.1.75 , < 6.1.178 (semver) Affected: 6.6.14 , < 6.6.145 (semver) Affected: 6.7.2 , < 6.8 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.8
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.8 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.212 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.178 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.145 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.97 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.40 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1.5 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: cls_api: Handle TC_ACT_CONSUMED in tcf_qevent_handle\n\ntcf_classify() can return TC_ACT_CONSUMED while the skb is held by the\ndefragmentation engine (e.g. act_ct on out-of-order fragments). When\nthat happens the skb is no longer owned by the caller and must not be\ntouched again.\n\ntcf_qevent_handle() did not handle TC_ACT_CONSUMED: it fell through the\nswitch and returned the skb to the caller as if classification had\npassed. The only qdisc that wires up qevents today is RED, via three call sites\n(qe_mark on RED_PROB_MARK/HARD_MARK, qe_early_drop on congestion_drop)\nred_enqueue() was continuing to operate on an skb it no longer owns in this\ncase -- enqueueing it, dropping it, or updating statistics. Resulting in a UAF.\n\n tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1: red ... qevent early_drop block 10\n tc filter add block 10 ... action ct\n\n (with ct defrag enabled and traffic that produces out-of-order\n fragments, e.g. a fragmented UDP stream)\n\nHandle TC_ACT_CONSUMED in tcf_qevent_handle() the same way the ingress\nand egress fast paths do: treat it as stolen and return NULL without\ntouching the skb. Unlike the TC_ACT_STOLEN case, the skb must not be\ndropped/freed here, as it is no longer owned by us."
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"value": "AV:N - On a transparent bridge or traffic-shaping gateway configured with the RED qevent and act_ct, unauthenticated remote IP fragments reach red_enqueue() through normal receive, bridge-forwarding, and egress-qdisc processing. No local netlink access is required to trigger the deployed configuration.\nAC:L - The attacker controls fragment contents and ordering and can drive RED into deterministic hard-mark or drop conditions with sustained traffic. No race or condition outside the attacker\u0027s control must be won.\nPR:N - CAP_NET_ADMIN is required to create the vulnerable configuration, but a remote attacker sending fragments through an already configured appliance needs no privileges or authentication. Local triggering is also possible with namespaced CAP_NET_ADMIN.\nUI:N - Triggering requires only attacker-generated fragmented traffic and does not depend on a victim performing any action.\nS:U - The corruption occurs within the host kernel and compromises resources governed by that same security authority. This remains unchanged scope even when used for namespace escape or kernel privilege escalation.\nC:H - The reclaimable sk_buff use-after-free and corrupted defragmentation-tree links can be leveraged through attacker-controlled network heap spraying to disclose arbitrary kernel memory.\nI:H - RED overwrites linkage fields that overlap the defragmentation RB node and may free the object while it remains referenced, enabling subsequent writes through freed or attacker-reclaimed kernel objects and potential code execution.\nA:H - The dangling fragment-tree entry can cause immediate or deferred use-after-free, double-free, invalid tree operations, and kernel panic when another fragment arrives or the queue expires. The attacker can trigger this repeatedly with fragmented traffic."
}
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}
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"dateReserved": "2026-07-19T15:36:31.794Z",
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"date": "2026-09-19",
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"initial_release_date": "2026-07-27T01:04:27.000Z",
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"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
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"title": "net/sched: cls_api: Handle TC_ACT_CONSUMED in tcf_qevent_handle",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-64530.json",
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{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: cls_api: Handle TC_ACT_CONSUMED in tcf_qevent_handle\n\ntcf_classify() can return TC_ACT_CONSUMED while the skb is held by the\ndefragmentation engine (e.g. act_ct on out-of-order fragments). When\nthat happens the skb is no longer owned by the caller and must not be\ntouched again.\n\ntcf_qevent_handle() did not handle TC_ACT_CONSUMED: it fell through the\nswitch and returned the skb to the caller as if classification had\npassed. The only qdisc that wires up qevents today is RED, via three call sites\n(qe_mark on RED_PROB_MARK/HARD_MARK, qe_early_drop on congestion_drop)\nred_enqueue() was continuing to operate on an skb it no longer owns in this\ncase -- enqueueing it, dropping it, or updating statistics. Resulting in a UAF.\n\n tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1: red ... qevent early_drop block 10\n tc filter add block 10 ... action ct\n\n (with ct defrag enabled and traffic that produces out-of-order\n fragments, e.g. a fragmented UDP stream)\n\nHandle TC_ACT_CONSUMED in tcf_qevent_handle() the same way the ingress\nand egress fast paths do: treat it as stolen and return NULL without\ntouching the skb. Unlike the TC_ACT_STOLEN case, the skb must not be\ndropped/freed here, as it is no longer owned by us."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-64530",
"lastModified": "2026-08-17T05:17:57.897",
"metrics": {
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{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
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"published": "2026-07-26T07:16:41.680",
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"vulnStatus": "Received"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Important",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-14T11:29:49+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-64530",
"id": "CVE-2026-64530",
"initial_release_date": "2026-06-23T23:59:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "1561",
"product_status:known_affected": "22",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "43",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: net: sched: UAF via missing handler for TC_ACT_CONSUMED in tcf_qevent_handle",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-64530.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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