CVE-2026-64114 (GCVE-0-2026-64114)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-19 15:40 – Updated: 2026-10-19 20:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ipv4: raw: reject IP_HDRINCL packets with ihl < 5
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ipv4: raw: reject IP_HDRINCL packets with ihl < 5
raw_send_hdrinc() validates that the caller-supplied IPv4 header
fits within the message length:
iphlen = iph->ihl * 4;
err = -EINVAL;
if (iphlen > length)
goto error_free;
if (iphlen >= sizeof(*iph)) {
/* fix up saddr, tot_len, id, csum, transport_header */
}
It does not, however, reject ihl < 5. For such a packet the
"if (iphlen >= sizeof(*iph))" branch is skipped, leaving the
crafted iphdr untouched, but the packet is still handed to
__ip_local_out() and onward. Downstream consumers that read
iph->ihl assume a sane value: net/ipv4/ah4.c:ah_output() in
particular subtracts sizeof(struct iphdr) from top_iph->ihl * 4
and passes the (signed-int-negative, then cast to size_t)
result to memcpy(), producing an OOB access of length close to
SIZE_MAX and a host kernel panic.
An IPv4 header with ihl < 5 is malformed by definition (RFC 791:
"Internet Header Length is the length of the internet header in
32 bit words ... Note that the minimum value for a correct header
is 5."). The kernel should not be willing to inject such a
packet into its own output path.
Reject "iphlen < sizeof(*iph)" alongside the existing
"iphlen > length" check. This matches the principle that locally
constructed packets that re-enter the IP stack must pass the same
basic sanity tests that a foreign packet would be subjected to.
Once this lands, the "if (iphlen >= sizeof(*iph))" wrapper around
the fixup branch becomes redundant; left in place to keep the
patch minimal and backport-friendly. A follow-up can unwrap it.
Note that commit 86f4c90a1c5c ("ipv4, ipv6: ensure raw socket
message is big enough to hold an IP header") ensures the message
buffer is large enough to hold an iphdr, but does not constrain
the self-reported iph->ihl.
Reachability: the malformed packet source is any caller with
CAP_NET_RAW, including an unprivileged process in a user+net
namespace on a kernel with CONFIG_USER_NS=y. The reproduced AH
crash also requires a matching xfrm AH policy on the outgoing
route; a container granted CAP_NET_ADMIN can install that state
and policy in its netns. Loopback bypasses xfrm_output, so the
trigger uses a real netdev.
Reproduced on UML + KASAN: kernel-mode fault at addr 0x0 with
memcpy_orig at the crash site. Same shape reproduces inside a
rootless Docker container with --cap-add NET_ADMIN on a stock
distro kernel.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 15:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 1065b9efa4126df559b03a849c139ecfae92cd25
(git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < bc20dbd48c26e743f7e0845020c11ed2ce8b15ee (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 5a564f737ec54d63e8ee221d3ff396d07586d464 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 3c5411fa4944ed99af3d9d1de750ea8169b6dac9 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 145e9afa5b905229b4788bb72c3255f5a5f77508 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 7725cd3b471740fd23d25ed1da722c671fb2a5d3 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < bbe0be67de296176e7243c76e3d9f02f6ae9ff0b (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 915fab69823a14c170dbaa3b41978768e0fe62fc (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
2.6.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.12 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.258 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.209 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.175 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.142 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.92 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.34 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.0.11 , ≤ 7.0.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv4: raw: reject IP_HDRINCL packets with ihl \u003c 5\n\nraw_send_hdrinc() validates that the caller-supplied IPv4 header\nfits within the message length:\n\n iphlen = iph-\u003eihl * 4;\n err = -EINVAL;\n if (iphlen \u003e length)\n goto error_free;\n\n if (iphlen \u003e= sizeof(*iph)) {\n /* fix up saddr, tot_len, id, csum, transport_header */\n }\n\nIt does not, however, reject ihl \u003c 5. For such a packet the\n\"if (iphlen \u003e= sizeof(*iph))\" branch is skipped, leaving the\ncrafted iphdr untouched, but the packet is still handed to\n__ip_local_out() and onward. Downstream consumers that read\niph-\u003eihl assume a sane value: net/ipv4/ah4.c:ah_output() in\nparticular subtracts sizeof(struct iphdr) from top_iph-\u003eihl * 4\nand passes the (signed-int-negative, then cast to size_t)\nresult to memcpy(), producing an OOB access of length close to\nSIZE_MAX and a host kernel panic.\n\nAn IPv4 header with ihl \u003c 5 is malformed by definition (RFC 791:\n\"Internet Header Length is the length of the internet header in\n32 bit words ... Note that the minimum value for a correct header\nis 5.\"). The kernel should not be willing to inject such a\npacket into its own output path.\n\nReject \"iphlen \u003c sizeof(*iph)\" alongside the existing\n\"iphlen \u003e length\" check. This matches the principle that locally\nconstructed packets that re-enter the IP stack must pass the same\nbasic sanity tests that a foreign packet would be subjected to.\n\nOnce this lands, the \"if (iphlen \u003e= sizeof(*iph))\" wrapper around\nthe fixup branch becomes redundant; left in place to keep the\npatch minimal and backport-friendly. A follow-up can unwrap it.\n\nNote that commit 86f4c90a1c5c (\"ipv4, ipv6: ensure raw socket\nmessage is big enough to hold an IP header\") ensures the message\nbuffer is large enough to hold an iphdr, but does not constrain\nthe self-reported iph-\u003eihl.\n\nReachability: the malformed packet source is any caller with\nCAP_NET_RAW, including an unprivileged process in a user+net\nnamespace on a kernel with CONFIG_USER_NS=y. The reproduced AH\ncrash also requires a matching xfrm AH policy on the outgoing\nroute; a container granted CAP_NET_ADMIN can install that state\nand policy in its netns. Loopback bypasses xfrm_output, so the\ntrigger uses a real netdev.\n\nReproduced on UML + KASAN: kernel-mode fault at addr 0x0 with\nmemcpy_orig at the crash site. Same shape reproduces inside a\nrootless Docker container with --cap-add NET_ADMIN on a stock\ndistro kernel."
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv4: raw: reject IP_HDRINCL packets with ihl \u003c 5\n\nraw_send_hdrinc() validates that the caller-supplied IPv4 header\nfits within the message length:\n\n iphlen = iph-\u003eihl * 4;\n err = -EINVAL;\n if (iphlen \u003e length)\n goto error_free;\n\n if (iphlen \u003e= sizeof(*iph)) {\n /* fix up saddr, tot_len, id, csum, transport_header */\n }\n\nIt does not, however, reject ihl \u003c 5. For such a packet the\n\"if (iphlen \u003e= sizeof(*iph))\" branch is skipped, leaving the\ncrafted iphdr untouched, but the packet is still handed to\n__ip_local_out() and onward. Downstream consumers that read\niph-\u003eihl assume a sane value: net/ipv4/ah4.c:ah_output() in\nparticular subtracts sizeof(struct iphdr) from top_iph-\u003eihl * 4\nand passes the (signed-int-negative, then cast to size_t)\nresult to memcpy(), producing an OOB access of length close to\nSIZE_MAX and a host kernel panic.\n\nAn IPv4 header with ihl \u003c 5 is malformed by definition (RFC 791:\n\"Internet Header Length is the length of the internet header in\n32 bit words ... Note that the minimum value for a correct header\nis 5.\"). The kernel should not be willing to inject such a\npacket into its own output path.\n\nReject \"iphlen \u003c sizeof(*iph)\" alongside the existing\n\"iphlen \u003e length\" check. This matches the principle that locally\nconstructed packets that re-enter the IP stack must pass the same\nbasic sanity tests that a foreign packet would be subjected to.\n\nOnce this lands, the \"if (iphlen \u003e= sizeof(*iph))\" wrapper around\nthe fixup branch becomes redundant; left in place to keep the\npatch minimal and backport-friendly. A follow-up can unwrap it.\n\nNote that commit 86f4c90a1c5c (\"ipv4, ipv6: ensure raw socket\nmessage is big enough to hold an IP header\") ensures the message\nbuffer is large enough to hold an iphdr, but does not constrain\nthe self-reported iph-\u003eihl.\n\nReachability: the malformed packet source is any caller with\nCAP_NET_RAW, including an unprivileged process in a user+net\nnamespace on a kernel with CONFIG_USER_NS=y. The reproduced AH\ncrash also requires a matching xfrm AH policy on the outgoing\nroute; a container granted CAP_NET_ADMIN can install that state\nand policy in its netns. Loopback bypasses xfrm_output, so the\ntrigger uses a real netdev.\n\nReproduced on UML + KASAN: kernel-mode fault at addr 0x0 with\nmemcpy_orig at the crash site. Same shape reproduces inside a\nrootless Docker container with --cap-add NET_ADMIN on a stock\ndistro kernel."
}
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv4: raw: reject IP_HDRINCL packets with ihl \u003c 5\n\nraw_send_hdrinc() validates that the caller-supplied IPv4 header\nfits within the message length:\n\n iphlen = iph-\u003eihl * 4;\n err = -EINVAL;\n if (iphlen \u003e length)\n goto error_free;\n\n if (iphlen \u003e= sizeof(*iph)) {\n /* fix up saddr, tot_len, id, csum, transport_header */\n }\n\nIt does not, however, reject ihl \u003c 5. For such a packet the\n\"if (iphlen \u003e= sizeof(*iph))\" branch is skipped, leaving the\ncrafted iphdr untouched, but the packet is still handed to\n__ip_local_out() and onward. Downstream consumers that read\niph-\u003eihl assume a sane value: net/ipv4/ah4.c:ah_output() in\nparticular subtracts sizeof(struct iphdr) from top_iph-\u003eihl * 4\nand passes the (signed-int-negative, then cast to size_t)\nresult to memcpy(), producing an OOB access of length close to\nSIZE_MAX and a host kernel panic.\n\nAn IPv4 header with ihl \u003c 5 is malformed by definition (RFC 791:\n\"Internet Header Length is the length of the internet header in\n32 bit words ... Note that the minimum value for a correct header\nis 5.\"). The kernel should not be willing to inject such a\npacket into its own output path.\n\nReject \"iphlen \u003c sizeof(*iph)\" alongside the existing\n\"iphlen \u003e length\" check. This matches the principle that locally\nconstructed packets that re-enter the IP stack must pass the same\nbasic sanity tests that a foreign packet would be subjected to.\n\nOnce this lands, the \"if (iphlen \u003e= sizeof(*iph))\" wrapper around\nthe fixup branch becomes redundant; left in place to keep the\npatch minimal and backport-friendly. A follow-up can unwrap it.\n\nNote that commit 86f4c90a1c5c (\"ipv4, ipv6: ensure raw socket\nmessage is big enough to hold an IP header\") ensures the message\nbuffer is large enough to hold an iphdr, but does not constrain\nthe self-reported iph-\u003eihl.\n\nReachability: the malformed packet source is any caller with\nCAP_NET_RAW, including an unprivileged process in a user+net\nnamespace on a kernel with CONFIG_USER_NS=y. The reproduced AH\ncrash also requires a matching xfrm AH policy on the outgoing\nroute; a container granted CAP_NET_ADMIN can install that state\nand policy in its netns. Loopback bypasses xfrm_output, so the\ntrigger uses a real netdev.\n\nReproduced on UML + KASAN: kernel-mode fault at addr 0x0 with\nmemcpy_orig at the crash site. Same shape reproduces inside a\nrootless Docker container with --cap-add NET_ADMIN on a stock\ndistro kernel."
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"value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires local syscalls (socket/sendmsg on a raw IP_HDRINCL socket); malformed packets are injected locally into the output path, not via remote network ingress which validates ihl \u003e= 5.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls the crafted header ihl value and can install the required xfrm AH policy and route via CAP_NET_ADMIN in their own network namespace, making exploitation reliable without conditions outside attacker control.\nPR:L - Triggering requires CAP_NET_RAW for raw sockets and CAP_NET_ADMIN to install xfrm AH policy, both obtainable by an unprivileged user via user+network namespaces or a container granted NET_ADMIN without init-namespace root.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required; the attacker sends the malformed packet directly through their own raw socket and configured IPsec policy.\nS:U - Impact is kernel memory corruption and panic within the same kernel security boundary; this is not a VM escape, sandbox escape, or cross-authority boundary violation.\nC:H - The integer underflow in ah_output() memcpy length produces an out-of-bounds read of near SIZE_MAX bytes, providing an arbitrary kernel memory read primitive beyond any bounded disclosure.\nI:H - The same memcpy with underflowed length causes a massive out-of-bounds write that can corrupt adjacent kernel heap memory and be leveraged for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The OOB memcpy reliably causes a kernel-mode fault and host panic, as reproduced with KASAN and in a rootless Docker container, denying all system availability."
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"title": "ipv4: raw: reject IP_HDRINCL packets with ihl \u003c 5",
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"state": "PUBLISHED"
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}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.