CVE-2026-5394 (GCVE-0-2026-5394)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-27 19:15 – Updated: 2026-05-05 17:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pimcore Platform v12.3.3 - SQL Injection in DataObject composite index handling
Summary
An authenticated administrative user who can import or save DataObject class definitions can inject attacker-controlled composite index metadata and trigger unintended SQL execution in the backend.
This issue affects pimcore: 12.3.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-28 13:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://fluidattacks.com/es/advisories/dragons | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore | product |
| https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/pull/19108 | patch |
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FKIE_CVE-2026-5394
Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-04-27 20:16 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:58
Severity
Summary
An authenticated administrative user who can import or save DataObject class definitions can inject attacker-controlled composite index metadata and trigger unintended SQL execution in the backend.
This issue affects pimcore: 12.3.3.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version |
|---|
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GHSA-C8G3-X47W-8Q7P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-28 20:47
Withdrawn 2026-05-28
VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: Pimcore admin users can trigger SQL Injection
Details
Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-r2f4-ff2p-xc64. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
An authenticated administrative user who can import or save DataObject class definitions can inject attacker-controlled composite index metadata and trigger unintended SQL execution in the backend.
This issue affects pimcore: 12.3.3.
Severity
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{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Pimcore admin users can trigger SQL Injection",
"withdrawn": "2026-05-28T20:47:01Z"
}
GHSA-R2F4-FF2P-XC64
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-28 20:47 – Updated: 2026-07-10 19:08
VLAI
Summary
Pimcore Platform - SQL Injection in DataObject composite index handling during class definition import/save
Details
My name is Oscar Uribe, Security Researcher at Fluid Attacks. I am reaching out because we have identified a security vulnerability in Pimcore 12.3.3 that we would like to report to you so we can coordinate a responsible disclosure together.
As part of our standard disclosure measures, we follow a timeline (outlined at https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/policy), which is aligned with ISO/IEC 29147:2018 and ISO/IEC 30111:2019. In short, the timeline works as follows: we ask for acknowledgment of the report within a few days of your first accessing it, and from there, we are happy to coordinate a joint disclosure date with you, typically within 90 days of the initial discovery. This gives your team reasonable time to assess, develop, and release a fix.
We have reserved the CVE ID "CVE-2026-5394" for this issue, and the advisory will eventually be published at https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/dragons. We are committed to coordinating the timing of that publication with you.
Please feel free to reach out if you have any questions about the report, the process, or the timeline. We are glad to work with you on this.
Description
An authenticated administrative user who can import or save DataObject class definitions can inject attacker-controlled composite index metadata and trigger unintended SQL execution in the backend.
The vulnerable flow accepts compositeIndices from imported JSON, stores the values without strict validation, and later concatenates them directly into ALTER TABLE ... DROP INDEX and ALTER TABLE ... ADD INDEX statements executed through Doctrine DBAL.
Although the original report focused on compositeIndices.index_key, independent code review shows that the strongest and most reliable injection point is compositeIndices.index_columns, because it is inserted verbatim inside the ADD INDEX (...) clause. This permits injection of additional ALTER TABLE subclauses against Pimcore object tables without relying on stacked queries.
Vulnerability
Root cause
- Source:
Pimcore\Model\DataObject\ClassDefinition\Service::importClassDefinitionFromJson()acceptscompositeIndicesdirectly from imported JSON.- Assignment:
Pimcore\Model\DataObject\ClassDefinition::setCompositeIndices()does not enforce an allowlist for index names or column names.- The only special handling is a ManyToOne relation rewrite to
__idand__type, which is not a security control. - Sink:
Pimcore\Model\DataObject\Traits\CompositeIndexTrait::updateCompositeIndices()builds raw SQL with string concatenation and executes it via$this->db->executeQuery(...).- Missing protection:
quoteIdentifier()is used for theSHOW INDEXESquery, but not for the dynamicALTER TABLEstatements.- No server-side schema validation restricts
index_keyorindex_columnsto known safe identifier characters.
Confirmed source-to-sink path
importClassDefinitionFromJson()decodes attacker-controlled JSON and forwardscompositeIndices.setCompositeIndices()stores those values without sanitizing identifier content.ClassDefinition::save()reachesClassDefinition\Dao::update().Dao::update()callsupdateCompositeIndices()for:object_store_<classId>object_query_<classId>Localizedfield\Daoalso callsupdateCompositeIndices()for:- localized query tables
- localized store tables
Why this is exploitable
The vulnerable ADD INDEX statement is built as:
'ALTER TABLE `'.$table.'` ADD INDEX `' . $key.'` ('.$columnName.');'
$columnName is produced from implode(',', $columns) and is not quoted or validated. A malicious index_columns element such as:
slider), DROP COLUMN `oo_className` --
produces SQL of the form:
ALTER TABLE `object_query_<id>` ADD INDEX `c_poc_idx` (slider), DROP COLUMN `oo_className` -- );
This remains a single ALTER TABLE statement, so the base vulnerability does not depend on multi-statement support. The attacker can inject additional DDL clauses affecting the target Pimcore object table.
Impact
The issue allows a privileged attacker to alter backend SQL behavior during class-definition import/save and modify schema on Pimcore object tables associated with the affected class.
Practical impact includes: - unauthorized schema modification on object query/store tables - backend denial of service by breaking expected table layout - data integrity impact for DataObject storage and queries
index_key is also concatenated into SQL without proper identifier escaping, but the most defensible exploitation path is through index_columns.
Relevant code:
- models/DataObject/ClassDefinition/Service.php:92-137
- models/DataObject/ClassDefinition.php:994-1006
- models/DataObject/Traits/CompositeIndexTrait.php:30-85
- models/DataObject/ClassDefinition/Dao.php:217-218
- models/DataObject/Localizedfield/Dao.php:945-951
PoC
Application-level PoC
Preconditions:
- valid authenticated administrative session
- ability to import or save a class definition containing compositeIndices
The original report reproduced the issue through an authenticated Studio endpoint:
POST /pimcore-studio/api/class/definition/configuration-view/detail/1/import
Minimal malicious JSON fragment:
{
"compositeIndices": [
{
"index_key": "poc_idx",
"index_type": "query",
"index_columns": [
"slider), DROP COLUMN `oo_className` -- "
]
}
]
}
Reproduction:
1. Authenticate as an administrator with permission to manage/import class definitions.
2. Export an existing class definition or prepare a valid class-definition JSON document.
3. Replace only the compositeIndices section with the payload above.
4. Import the modified definition or save the class through the administrative workflow.
Expected result:
- Pimcore reaches updateCompositeIndices() during class save/import.
- The backend executes an attacker-influenced ALTER TABLE statement against the target object table.
- The affected class table is modified unexpectedly, for example by dropping a column or otherwise changing schema.
Minimal source-level confirmation
The behavior is directly visible from the code path:
$newIndicesMap['c_' . $key] = implode(',', $columns);
$columnName = $newIndicesMap[$key];
$this->db->executeQuery(
'ALTER TABLE `'.$table.'` ADD INDEX `' . $key.'` ('.$columnName.');'
);
No escaping or allowlist validation is applied to $columns before they are interpolated into SQL.
Evidence of Exploitation
- Video of exploitation:
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/64a49147-12a5-4550-ba22-cb4383523557
- Static evidence:
Our security policy
We have reserved the ID CVE-2026-5394 to refer to this issue from now on.
System Information
Pimcore Platform
Version v12.3.3
Database layer: doctrine/dbal ^4.4
Operating System: Any
References
Github Repository: https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore Security: https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/security
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.3.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "pimcore/pimcore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "12.3.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 11.5.16"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "pimcore/pimcore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.5.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "pimcore/pimcore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2026.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.1.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5394"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-89"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-28T20:47:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "My name is Oscar Uribe, Security Researcher at Fluid Attacks. I am reaching out because we have identified a security vulnerability in Pimcore 12.3.3 that we would like to report to you so we can coordinate a responsible disclosure together.\n\nAs part of our standard disclosure measures, we follow a timeline (outlined at https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/policy), which is aligned with ISO/IEC 29147:2018 and ISO/IEC 30111:2019. In short, the timeline works as follows: we ask for acknowledgment of the report within a few days of your first accessing it, and from there, we are happy to coordinate a joint disclosure date with you, typically within 90 days of the initial discovery. This gives your team reasonable time to assess, develop, and release a fix.\n\nWe have reserved the CVE ID **\"CVE-2026-5394\"** for this issue, and the advisory will eventually be published at [https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/dragons](https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/dragons). We are committed to coordinating the timing of that publication with you.\n\nPlease feel free to reach out if you have any questions about the report, the process, or the timeline. We are glad to work with you on this.\n\n## Description\nAn authenticated administrative user who can import or save DataObject class definitions can inject attacker-controlled composite index metadata and trigger unintended SQL execution in the backend.\n\nThe vulnerable flow accepts `compositeIndices` from imported JSON, stores the values without strict validation, and later concatenates them directly into `ALTER TABLE ... DROP INDEX` and `ALTER TABLE ... ADD INDEX` statements executed through Doctrine DBAL.\n\nAlthough the original report focused on `compositeIndices.index_key`, independent code review shows that the strongest and most reliable injection point is `compositeIndices.index_columns`, because it is inserted verbatim inside the `ADD INDEX (...)` clause. This permits injection of additional `ALTER TABLE` subclauses against Pimcore object tables without relying on stacked queries.\n\n## Vulnerability\n### Root cause\n1. Source:\n - `Pimcore\\Model\\DataObject\\ClassDefinition\\Service::importClassDefinitionFromJson()` accepts `compositeIndices` directly from imported JSON.\n2. Assignment:\n - `Pimcore\\Model\\DataObject\\ClassDefinition::setCompositeIndices()` does not enforce an allowlist for index names or column names.\n - The only special handling is a ManyToOne relation rewrite to `__id` and `__type`, which is not a security control.\n3. Sink:\n - `Pimcore\\Model\\DataObject\\Traits\\CompositeIndexTrait::updateCompositeIndices()` builds raw SQL with string concatenation and executes it via `$this-\u003edb-\u003eexecuteQuery(...)`.\n4. Missing protection:\n - `quoteIdentifier()` is used for the `SHOW INDEXES` query, but not for the dynamic `ALTER TABLE` statements.\n - No server-side schema validation restricts `index_key` or `index_columns` to known safe identifier characters.\n\n### Confirmed source-to-sink path\n1. `importClassDefinitionFromJson()` decodes attacker-controlled JSON and forwards `compositeIndices`.\n2. `setCompositeIndices()` stores those values without sanitizing identifier content.\n3. `ClassDefinition::save()` reaches `ClassDefinition\\Dao::update()`.\n4. `Dao::update()` calls `updateCompositeIndices()` for:\n - `object_store_\u003cclassId\u003e`\n - `object_query_\u003cclassId\u003e`\n5. `Localizedfield\\Dao` also calls `updateCompositeIndices()` for:\n - localized query tables\n - localized store tables\n\n### Why this is exploitable\nThe vulnerable `ADD INDEX` statement is built as:\n\n```php\n\u0027ALTER TABLE `\u0027.$table.\u0027` ADD INDEX `\u0027 . $key.\u0027` (\u0027.$columnName.\u0027);\u0027\n```\n\n`$columnName` is produced from `implode(\u0027,\u0027, $columns)` and is not quoted or validated. A malicious `index_columns` element such as:\n\n```text\nslider), DROP COLUMN `oo_className` -- \n```\n\nproduces SQL of the form:\n\n```sql\nALTER TABLE `object_query_\u003cid\u003e` ADD INDEX `c_poc_idx` (slider), DROP COLUMN `oo_className` -- );\n```\n\nThis remains a single `ALTER TABLE` statement, so the base vulnerability does not depend on multi-statement support. The attacker can inject additional DDL clauses affecting the target Pimcore object table.\n\n### Impact\nThe issue allows a privileged attacker to alter backend SQL behavior during class-definition import/save and modify schema on Pimcore object tables associated with the affected class.\n\nPractical impact includes:\n- unauthorized schema modification on object query/store tables\n- backend denial of service by breaking expected table layout\n- data integrity impact for DataObject storage and queries\n\n`index_key` is also concatenated into SQL without proper identifier escaping, but the most defensible exploitation path is through `index_columns`.\n\nRelevant code:\n- `models/DataObject/ClassDefinition/Service.php:92-137`\n- `models/DataObject/ClassDefinition.php:994-1006`\n- `models/DataObject/Traits/CompositeIndexTrait.php:30-85`\n- `models/DataObject/ClassDefinition/Dao.php:217-218`\n- `models/DataObject/Localizedfield/Dao.php:945-951`\n\n## PoC\n### Application-level PoC\nPreconditions:\n- valid authenticated administrative session\n- ability to import or save a class definition containing `compositeIndices`\n\nThe original report reproduced the issue through an authenticated Studio endpoint:\n\n```http\nPOST /pimcore-studio/api/class/definition/configuration-view/detail/1/import\n```\n\nMinimal malicious JSON fragment:\n\n```json\n{\n \"compositeIndices\": [\n {\n \"index_key\": \"poc_idx\",\n \"index_type\": \"query\",\n \"index_columns\": [\n \"slider), DROP COLUMN `oo_className` -- \"\n ]\n }\n ]\n}\n```\n\nReproduction:\n1. Authenticate as an administrator with permission to manage/import class definitions.\n2. Export an existing class definition or prepare a valid class-definition JSON document.\n3. Replace only the `compositeIndices` section with the payload above.\n4. Import the modified definition or save the class through the administrative workflow.\n\nExpected result:\n- Pimcore reaches `updateCompositeIndices()` during class save/import.\n- The backend executes an attacker-influenced `ALTER TABLE` statement against the target object table.\n- The affected class table is modified unexpectedly, for example by dropping a column or otherwise changing schema.\n\n### Minimal source-level confirmation\nThe behavior is directly visible from the code path:\n\n```php\n$newIndicesMap[\u0027c_\u0027 . $key] = implode(\u0027,\u0027, $columns);\n$columnName = $newIndicesMap[$key];\n$this-\u003edb-\u003eexecuteQuery(\n \u0027ALTER TABLE `\u0027.$table.\u0027` ADD INDEX `\u0027 . $key.\u0027` (\u0027.$columnName.\u0027);\u0027\n);\n```\n\nNo escaping or allowlist validation is applied to `$columns` before they are interpolated into SQL.\n\n## Evidence of Exploitation\n\n- Video of exploitation:\n\nhttps://github.com/user-attachments/assets/64a49147-12a5-4550-ba22-cb4383523557\n\n- Static evidence:\n\n\u003cimg width=\"3004\" height=\"1686\" alt=\"Dragons-img\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2e920636-ce7e-4f8b-b80c-88fb3c4c5299\" /\u003e\n\n## Our security policy\nWe have reserved the ID CVE-2026-5394 to refer to this issue from now on.\n\n[Disclosure policy](https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/policy)\n\n## System Information\nPimcore Platform\nVersion `v12.3.3`\nDatabase layer: `doctrine/dbal` `^4.4`\nOperating System: Any\n\n## References\nGithub Repository: https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore\nSecurity: https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/security",
"id": "GHSA-r2f4-ff2p-xc64",
"modified": "2026-07-10T19:08:01Z",
"published": "2026-05-28T20:47:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/security/advisories/GHSA-r2f4-ff2p-xc64"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5394"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/pull/19108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/commit/6df625ff74015dc11f4bbe76170ce45bbd5dd61d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fluidattacks.com/es/advisories/dragons"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/releases/tag/v12.3.7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Pimcore Platform - SQL Injection in DataObject composite index handling during class definition import/save"
}
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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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