GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2026-45149 (GCVE-0-2026-45149)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 19:55 – Updated: 2026-06-01 16:44
VLAI
Title
brace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection
Summary
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. From 5.0.0 to before 5.0.6, the max option was being applied too late. When expanding a single large numeric range like {1..10000000}, the sequence generation loop generates all 10 million intermediate elements before the max limit is applied With max=10, the output is correctly limited to 10 items, but the process still allocates ~505 MB and spends ~800ms building the full intermediate array. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.6.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-01 16:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
juliangruber brace-expansion Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.6
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-45149",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-01T16:42:12.730782Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T16:44:23.371Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "brace-expansion",
          "vendor": "juliangruber",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 5.0.0, \u003c 5.0.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. From 5.0.0 to before 5.0.6, the max option was being applied too late. When expanding a single large numeric range like {1..10000000}, the sequence generation loop generates all 10 million intermediate elements before the max limit is applied With max=10, the output is correctly limited to 10 items, but the process still allocates ~505 MB and spends ~800ms building the full intermediate array. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.6."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-400",
              "description": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-29T19:55:07.337Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "brace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-45149",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-29T19:55:07.337Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-08T20:44:38.964Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T16:44:23.371Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-45149",
      "date": "2026-09-08",
      "epss": "0.003",
      "percentile": "0.22289"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-45149\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2026-05-29T20:16:25.550\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-22T06:10:00.170\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. From 5.0.0 to before 5.0.6, the max option was being applied too late. When expanding a single large numeric range like {1..10000000}, the sequence generation loop generates all 10 million intermediate elements before the max limit is applied With max=10, the output is correctly limited to 10 items, but the process still allocates ~505 MB and spends ~800ms building the full intermediate array. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.6.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"La biblioteca brace-expansion genera cadenas arbitrarias que contienen un prefijo y un sufijo comunes. Desde la versi\u00f3n 5.0.0 hasta antes de la 5.0.6, la opci\u00f3n max se estaba aplicando demasiado tarde. Al expandir un \u00fanico rango num\u00e9rico grande como {1..10000000}, el bucle de generaci\u00f3n de secuencia genera los 10 millones de elementos intermedios antes de que se aplique el l\u00edmite max. Con max=10, la salida se limita correctamente a 10 elementos, pero el proceso sigue asignando ~505 MB y gasta ~800ms en construir el array intermedio completo. Esta vulnerabilidad se corrige en la versi\u00f3n 5.0.6.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"juliangruber\",\"product\":\"brace-expansion\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"\u003e= 5.0.0, \u003c 5.0.6\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":6.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"REQUIRED\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.8,\"impactScore\":3.6},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-06-01T16:42:12.730782Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2026-45149\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-400\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:juliangruber:brace-expansion:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.0.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.0.6\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E4186426-4293-4F74-9ABE-6F4DD671FADC\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Mitigation\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-05T21:42:04+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-45149",
      "id": "CVE-2026-45149",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-05-29T19:55:07.337000+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "193",
      "product_status:known_affected": "122",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "309",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "brace-expansion: brace-expansion: Denial of Service due to excessive memory allocation when expanding large numeric ranges",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-45149.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"cna\": {\"title\": \"brace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection\", \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"cweId\": \"CWE-400\", \"lang\": \"en\", \"description\": \"CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption\", \"type\": \"CWE\"}]}], \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"baseScore\": 6.5, \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"userInteraction\": \"REQUIRED\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\", \"version\": \"3.1\"}}], \"references\": [{\"name\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"], \"url\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2\"}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"juliangruber\", \"product\": \"brace-expansion\", \"versions\": [{\"version\": \"\u003e= 5.0.0, \u003c 5.0.6\", \"status\": \"affected\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-29T19:55:07.337Z\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. From 5.0.0 to before 5.0.6, the max option was being applied too late. When expanding a single large numeric range like {1..10000000}, the sequence generation loop generates all 10 million intermediate elements before the max limit is applied With max=10, the output is correctly limited to 10 items, but the process still allocates ~505 MB and spends ~800ms building the full intermediate array. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.6.\"}], \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}}, \"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2026-45149\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-01T16:42:12.730782Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-01T16:44:17.118Z\"}}]}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-45149\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-05-08T20:44:38.964Z\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-05-29T19:55:07.337Z\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-01T16:44:23.371Z\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.