Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-28696 (GCVE-0-2026-28696)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-04 16:21 – Updated: 2026-03-04 18:00

Title

Craft affected by IDOR via GraphQL @parseRefs

Summary

Craft is a content management system (CMS). Prior to 4.17.0-beta.1 and 5.9.0-beta.1, the GraphQL directive @parseRefs, intended to parse internal reference tags (e.g., {user:1:email}), can be abused by both authenticated users and unauthenticated guests (if a Public Schema is enabled) to access sensitive attributes of any element in the CMS. The implementation in Elements::parseRefs fails to perform authorization checks, allowing attackers to read data they are not authorized to view. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.17.0-beta.1 and 5.9.0-beta.1.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-03-04 18:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisori…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/4d98a07e47…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
craftcms	cms	Affected: >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.0-beta.1 Affected: >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.0-beta.1	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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}

FKIE_CVE-2026-28696

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-03-04 17:16 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:28

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/4d98a07e47580f1712095825d3e3c4d67bc9f8b9	Patch
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-7x43-mpfg-r9wj	Exploit, Mitigation, Patch, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
craftcms	craft_cms	*
craftcms	craft_cms	*
craftcms	craft_cms	4.0.0
craftcms	craft_cms	4.0.0
craftcms	craft_cms	4.0.0
craftcms	craft_cms	4.0.0
craftcms	craft_cms	5.0.0
craftcms	craft_cms	5.0.0

JSON

To clipboard

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          "product": "cms",
          "vendor": "craftcms",
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            }
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      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
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              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:4.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "FBAA8227-04F8-404C-907B-B0162B325F5A",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:4.0.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "21B28E2C-327A-4CE6-ACAD-97E459712A55",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:5.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "1C7461CF-35AB-48E1-88B6-956DAE1D2AB4",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:craftcms:craft_cms:5.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "8D8E02D1-601A-4E2B-B619-4775BFDB72D0",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Craft is a content management system (CMS). Prior to 4.17.0-beta.1 and 5.9.0-beta.1, the GraphQL directive @parseRefs, intended to parse internal reference tags (e.g., {user:1:email}), can be abused by both authenticated users and unauthenticated guests (if a Public Schema is enabled) to access sensitive attributes of any element in the CMS. The implementation in Elements::parseRefs fails to perform authorization checks, allowing attackers to read data they are not authorized to view. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.17.0-beta.1 and 5.9.0-beta.1."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Craft es un sistema de gesti\u00f3n de contenido (CMS). Antes de 4.17.0-beta.1 y 5.9.0-beta.1, la directiva GraphQL @parseRefs, destinada a analizar etiquetas de referencia internas (p. ej., {user:1:email}), puede ser explotada tanto por usuarios autenticados como por invitados no autenticados (si un Esquema P\u00fablico est\u00e1 habilitado) para acceder a atributos sensibles de cualquier elemento en el CMS. La implementaci\u00f3n en Elements::parseRefs no realiza comprobaciones de autorizaci\u00f3n, permitiendo a los atacantes leer datos que no est\u00e1n autorizados a ver. Esta vulnerabilidad se corrige en 4.17.0-beta.1 y 5.9.0-beta.1."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-28696",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:28:55.490",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
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          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 8.7,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-28696",
          "options": [
            {
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            {
              "automatable": "yes"
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            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
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          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-03-04T18:00:48.225156Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
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  },
  "published": "2026-03-04T17:16:21.050",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
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      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/4d98a07e47580f1712095825d3e3c4d67bc9f8b9"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
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        "Mitigation",
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    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-639"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7X43-MPFG-R9WJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 20:38 – Updated: 2026-03-04 18:38

Summary

Craft CMS has IDOR via GraphQL @parseRefs

Details

The GraphQL directive @parseRefs, intended to parse internal reference tags (e.g., {user:1:email}), can be abused by both authenticated users and unauthenticated guests (if a Public Schema is enabled) to access sensitive attributes of any element in the CMS. The implementation in Elements::parseRefs fails to perform authorization checks, allowing attackers to read data they are not authorized to view.

Vulnerability Details

craft\services\Elements::parseRefs identifies reference tags and resolves them using _getRefTokenReplacement. This method fetches the referenced element and accesses the specified attribute via $element->$attribute.

Missing Auth Check: It bypasses canView() checks.
Polymorphic Access: getElementTypeByRefHandle allows referencing any element type (entry, asset, user, category).
Custom Field Access: Since Craft elements use __get() to resolve custom field handles, an attacker is not limited to core attributes. They can exfiltrate any custom field data by enumerating the field handle (e.g. {entry:123:privateNotes}).

Attack Vectors

Privilege Escalation / User Data Leak

An attacker can enumerate sensitive attributes of administrators or other users.

Payload: {user:1:email} or {user:1:photoId}
Arbitrary Property Reflection & Server-Side Logic Execution

The vulnerability allows reflecting any accessible property of the underlying Element model.

Username/Admin Enumeration: {user:1:username} (Confirmed: returns admin), {user:1:admin}.
Internal Path Disclosure: Accessing methods that trigger errors (e.g., {user:1:authKey}) exposes full server stack traces in the GraphQL error response (e.g., Exception: No user session token exists with paths like /var/www/html/...).
IDOR on Private Entries & Assets (Polymorphism)

The vulnerability is not limited to Users. Reference tags can target any element type.

Payload: {entry:456:myConfidentialField} (Bypasses canView checks).
Asset Path Leakage: {volume:1:path} can expose internal file system paths.
Unauthenticated Exploitation (Public Schema)

Confirmed locally. The @parseRefs directive is active in the Public Schema. By injecting a payload into a public-facing field (e.g., a "News" entry title), an unauthenticated guest can trigger the resolution and retrieve the sensitive output.

Steps to Reproduce

Setup (Admin Panel):
Create a Section (e.g., "News") and an Entry Type.
Create a new Entry in that section. Set the Title to the payload: {user:1:username} or {user:1:email}.
Go to GraphQL > Schemas > Public Schema. Enable it, and ensure "Query for elements in the Site" and "News" section queries are checked.
Execute Exploit (Unauthenticated):
Send a POST request to http://localhost:8000/index.php?action=graphql/api:

curl -X POST \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"query": "{ entries { title @parseRefs } }"}'

Observation:
The API returns {"data":{"entries":[{"title":"admin"}]}} (or the email).
Using {user:1:authKey} triggers an internal server error that leaks the full server path in string format.

Impact

Critical Information Disclosure: Full PII enumeration (emails, usernames).
System Information Leakage: Absolute server paths via stack traces.
Authentication Bypass: Guest accounts can effectively query the database as the system user.

Recommended Fix

Modify Elements::parseRefs to enforce canView permissions on the resolved element before extracting attributes.

References

https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/4d98a07e47580f1712095825d3e3c4d67bc9f8b9

Severity

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "craftcms/cms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.17.0-beta.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "craftcms/cms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0-RC1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.9.0-beta.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28696"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-639",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T20:38:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-04T17:16:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The GraphQL directive `@parseRefs`, intended to parse internal reference tags (e.g., `{user:1:email}`), can be abused by both authenticated users and unauthenticated guests (if a Public Schema is enabled) to access sensitive attributes of any element in the CMS. The implementation in `Elements::parseRefs` fails to perform authorization checks, allowing attackers to read data they are not authorized to view.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n`craft\\services\\Elements::parseRefs` identifies reference tags and resolves them using `_getRefTokenReplacement`. This method fetches the referenced element and accesses the specified attribute via $element-\u003e$attribute.\n\n- Missing Auth Check: It bypasses `canView()` checks.\n- Polymorphic Access: `getElementTypeByRefHandle` allows referencing any element type (entry, asset, user, category).\n- Custom Field Access: Since Craft elements use `__get()` to resolve custom field handles, an attacker is not limited to core attributes. They can exfiltrate any custom field data by enumerating the field handle (e.g. `{entry:123:privateNotes}`).\n\n## Attack Vectors\n\n1. Privilege Escalation / User Data Leak\n\nAn attacker can enumerate sensitive attributes of administrators or other users.\n\n- Payload: `{user:1:email}` or `{user:1:photoId}`\n\n2. Arbitrary Property Reflection \u0026 Server-Side Logic Execution\n\nThe vulnerability allows reflecting any accessible property of the underlying Element model.\n\n- Username/Admin Enumeration: `{user:1:username}` (Confirmed: returns admin), {user:1:admin}.\n- Internal Path Disclosure: Accessing methods that trigger errors (e.g., `{user:1:authKey}`) exposes full server stack traces in the GraphQL error response (e.g., Exception: No user session token exists with paths like `/var/www/html/...`).\n\n3. IDOR on Private Entries \u0026 Assets (Polymorphism)\n\nThe vulnerability is not limited to Users. Reference tags can target any element type.\n\n- Payload: `{entry:456:myConfidentialField}` (Bypasses canView checks).\n- Asset Path Leakage: `{volume:1:path}` can expose internal file system paths.\n\n4. Unauthenticated Exploitation (Public Schema)\n\nConfirmed locally. The `@parseRefs` directive is active in the Public Schema. By injecting a payload into a public-facing field (e.g., a \"News\" entry title), an unauthenticated guest can trigger the resolution and retrieve the sensitive output.\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n\n1. Setup (Admin Panel):\n- Create a Section (e.g., \"News\") and an Entry Type.\n- Create a new Entry in that section. Set the Title to the payload: {user:1:username} or {user:1:email}.\n- Go to GraphQL \u003e Schemas \u003e Public Schema. Enable it, and ensure \"Query for elements in the Site\" and \"News\" section queries are checked.\n\n2. Execute Exploit (Unauthenticated):\n- Send a POST request to http://localhost:8000/index.php?action=graphql/api:\n```\ncurl -X POST \\\n-H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n-d \u0027{\"query\": \"{ entries { title @parseRefs } }\"}\u0027\n```\n\n3. Observation:\n- The API returns `{\"data\":{\"entries\":[{\"title\":\"admin\"}]}}` (or the email).\n- Using `{user:1:authKey}` triggers an internal server error that leaks the full server path in string format.\n\n## Impact\n\n- Critical Information Disclosure: Full PII enumeration (emails, usernames).\n- System Information Leakage: Absolute server paths via stack traces.\n- Authentication Bypass: Guest accounts can effectively query the database as the system user.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nModify `Elements::parseRefs` to enforce `canView` permissions on the resolved element before extracting attributes.\n\n## References\n\nhttps://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/4d98a07e47580f1712095825d3e3c4d67bc9f8b9",
  "id": "GHSA-7x43-mpfg-r9wj",
  "modified": "2026-03-04T18:38:55Z",
  "published": "2026-03-03T20:38:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-7x43-mpfg-r9wj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28696"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/4d98a07e47580f1712095825d3e3c4d67bc9f8b9"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Craft CMS has IDOR via GraphQL @parseRefs"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-28696 (GCVE-0-2026-28696)

FKIE_CVE-2026-28696

GHSA-7X43-MPFG-R9WJ

Vulnerability Details

Attack Vectors

Steps to Reproduce

Impact

Recommended Fix

References

Tags

Sightings

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Related by attack behaviour