CVE-2026-23415 (GCVE-0-2026-23415)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-02 11:40 – Updated: 2026-10-19 18:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
futex: Fix UaF between futex_key_to_node_opt() and vma_replace_policy()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
futex: Fix UaF between futex_key_to_node_opt() and vma_replace_policy()
During futex_key_to_node_opt() execution, vma->vm_policy is read under
speculative mmap lock and RCU. Concurrently, mbind() may call
vma_replace_policy() which frees the old mempolicy immediately via
kmem_cache_free().
This creates a race where __futex_key_to_node() dereferences a freed
mempolicy pointer, causing a use-after-free read of mpol->mode.
[ 151.412631] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __futex_key_to_node (kernel/futex/core.c:349)
[ 151.414046] Read of size 2 at addr ffff888001c49634 by task e/87
[ 151.415969] Call Trace:
[ 151.416732] __asan_load2 (mm/kasan/generic.c:271)
[ 151.416777] __futex_key_to_node (kernel/futex/core.c:349)
[ 151.416822] get_futex_key (kernel/futex/core.c:374 kernel/futex/core.c:386 kernel/futex/core.c:593)
Fix by adding rcu to __mpol_put().
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 15:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
c042c505210dc3453f378df432c10fff3d471bc5 , < 853f70c67d1b37e368fdcb3e328c4b8c04f53ac0
(git)
Affected: c042c505210dc3453f378df432c10fff3d471bc5 , < 7e196194ea27bd49adf3551e2aceb83498eb73fe (git) Affected: c042c505210dc3453f378df432c10fff3d471bc5 , < 190a8c48ff623c3d67cb295b4536a660db2012aa (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.16
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.16 (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.21 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.19.11 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.0 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.16"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.16",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.21",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.19.11",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.0",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18.21",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.16",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.19.11",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.16",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.0",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.16",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfutex: Fix UaF between futex_key_to_node_opt() and vma_replace_policy()\n\nDuring futex_key_to_node_opt() execution, vma-\u003evm_policy is read under\nspeculative mmap lock and RCU. Concurrently, mbind() may call\nvma_replace_policy() which frees the old mempolicy immediately via\nkmem_cache_free().\n\nThis creates a race where __futex_key_to_node() dereferences a freed\nmempolicy pointer, causing a use-after-free read of mpol-\u003emode.\n\n[ 151.412631] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __futex_key_to_node (kernel/futex/core.c:349)\n[ 151.414046] Read of size 2 at addr ffff888001c49634 by task e/87\n\n[ 151.415969] Call Trace:\n\n[ 151.416732] __asan_load2 (mm/kasan/generic.c:271)\n[ 151.416777] __futex_key_to_node (kernel/futex/core.c:349)\n[ 151.416822] get_futex_key (kernel/futex/core.c:374 kernel/futex/core.c:386 kernel/futex/core.c:593)\n\nFix by adding rcu to __mpol_put()."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through local futex2/io_uring futex operations using FUTEX2_MPOL against the caller\u0027s user address space. It is not exposed directly to remote packets or adjacent/physical inputs.\nAC:L - The attacker can control both sides of the race by running concurrent threads that invoke futex wake/wait key derivation and mbind()/set_mempolicy_home_node() policy replacement on the same VMA. No external victim timing or rare state is required once the affected CONFIG_FUTEX_MPOL kernel is in use.\nPR:L - Both futex operations and basic mbind() VMA policy replacement are available to an unprivileged local user for their own process address space. The only relevant capability check is for MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL, which is not needed to replace the VMA policy and trigger the UAF.\nUI:N - No victim action is required; the attacker can create the mapping, set policy, and issue the racing syscalls directly. Exploitation is self-contained in attacker-controlled local processes/threads.\nS:U - The bug is in the kernel\u0027s futex/mempolicy handling and affects the same kernel security authority. This is a standard local kernel vulnerability rather than a VM/IOMMU or separate-scope boundary crossing.\nC:H - This is a kernel use-after-free of struct mempolicy during futex key derivation, and UAF conditions can expose freed kernel heap contents or be shaped with heap reuse. Following the higher-severity rule for UAFs, confidentiality impact is High.\nI:H - The stale mempolicy data influences futex hash node selection and subsequent kernel data structure access, making memory corruption or control-flow-relevant exploitation defensible under UAF heap reuse. Following the higher-severity rule for UAFs, integrity impact is High.\nA:H - The reported failure is a KASAN slab-use-after-free in __futex_key_to_node(), and stale or invalid policy data can crash/oops the kernel. A local attacker can trigger the race repeatedly, so availability impact is High."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:21:35.941Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/853f70c67d1b37e368fdcb3e328c4b8c04f53ac0"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7e196194ea27bd49adf3551e2aceb83498eb73fe"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/190a8c48ff623c3d67cb295b4536a660db2012aa"
}
],
"title": "futex: Fix UaF between futex_key_to_node_opt() and vma_replace_policy()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-23415",
"datePublished": "2026-04-02T11:40:56.476Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:37:46.014Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T18:35:43.155Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.