Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-16481 (GCVE-0-2026-16481)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 19:13 – Updated: 2026-09-10 16:06

Title

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and Credential Exfiltration in googleapis/mcp-toolbox cloud-healthcare-fhir-fetch-page Tool

Summary

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and credential exfiltration vulnerability exists in the cloud-healthcare-fhir-fetch-page tool of googleapis/mcp-toolbox. The tool takes an unvalidated pageURL parameter from the client and issues an HTTP GET request to it using an authenticated client. The underlying transport automatically attaches an Authorization: Bearer header to every outbound request regardless of the destination host. An attacker can supply an arbitrary external URL to the pageURL parameter (either directly via the tool execution payload or implicitly via data-driven pagination tracking loops), leading Toolbox into sending its OAuth/service-account access token to an attacker-controlled listener. Depending on the configuration, this leaks either the end-user's token or the broader service-account access token (ADC), potentially exposing Protected Health Information (PHI) and secondary Google Cloud Platform services.

Severity

6 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-27 19:35 UTC

CWE

CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Assigner

Google CNA under the Google root

CNA scorecard B 77/100 over 40 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/googleapis/mcp-toolbox/pull/3453

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
Google	MCP Toolbox for Databases (googleapis/mcp-toolbox)	Affected: 0.19.1 , ≤ 1.4.0 (semver)	guessed

Credits

HE WEI（ギカク）(https://www.linkedin.com/in/gikaku/)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-16481

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-07-27 19:17 - Updated: 2026-10-24 13:10

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	cve-coordination@google.com	https://github.com/googleapis/mcp-toolbox/pull/3453	Patch, Vendor Advisory, Issue Tracking

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	google	mcp_toolbox_for_databases	*

JSON

To clipboard

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    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Una falsificaci\u00f3n de petici\u00f3n del lado del servidor (SSRF) y vulnerabilidad de exfiltraci\u00f3n de credenciales existe en la herramienta cloud-healthcare-fhir-fetch-page de googleapis/mcp-toolbox.\n\nLa herramienta toma un par\u00e1metro pageURL no validado del cliente y emite una petici\u00f3n GET HTTP a este usando un cliente autenticado. El transporte subyacente adjunta autom\u00e1ticamente un encabezado Authorization: Bearer a cada petici\u00f3n saliente independientemente del host de destino. Un atacante puede proporcionar una URL externa arbitraria al par\u00e1metro pageURL (ya sea directamente a trav\u00e9s de la carga \u00fatil de ejecuci\u00f3n de la herramienta o impl\u00edcitamente a trav\u00e9s de bucles de seguimiento de paginaci\u00f3n basados en datos), llevando a Toolbox a enviar su token de acceso de OAuth/cuenta de servicio a un oyente controlado por el atacante. Dependiendo de la configuraci\u00f3n, esto filtra el token del usuario final o el token de acceso de cuenta de servicio m\u00e1s amplio (ADC), exponiendo potencialmente Informaci\u00f3n de Salud Protegida (PHI) y servicios secundarios de Google Cloud Platform."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-16481",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-24T13:10:00.147",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 6.0,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "cve-coordination@google.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-16481",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-07-27T19:35:22.831604Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-07-27T19:17:14.970",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "cve-coordination@google.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Vendor Advisory",
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/googleapis/mcp-toolbox/pull/3453"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "cve-coordination@google.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-918"
        }
      ],
      "source": "cve-coordination@google.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QR8R-MQP7-36XX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-28 15:31

Details

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and credential exfiltration vulnerability exists in the cloud-healthcare-fhir-fetch-page tool of googleapis/mcp-toolbox.

The tool takes an unvalidated pageURL parameter from the client and issues an HTTP GET request to it using an authenticated client. The underlying transport automatically attaches an Authorization: Bearer header to every outbound request regardless of the destination host. An attacker can supply an arbitrary external URL to the pageURL parameter (either directly via the tool execution payload or implicitly via data-driven pagination tracking loops), leading Toolbox into sending its OAuth/service-account access token to an attacker-controlled listener. Depending on the configuration, this leaks either the end-user's token or the broader service-account access token (ADC), potentially exposing Protected Health Information (PHI) and secondary Google Cloud Platform services.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

8.4 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-16481"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-27T19:17:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and credential exfiltration vulnerability exists in the cloud-healthcare-fhir-fetch-page tool of googleapis/mcp-toolbox.\n\nThe tool takes an unvalidated pageURL parameter from the client and issues an HTTP GET request to it using an authenticated client. The underlying transport automatically attaches an Authorization: Bearer  header to every outbound request regardless of the destination host. An attacker can supply an arbitrary external URL to the pageURL parameter (either directly via the tool execution payload or implicitly via data-driven pagination tracking loops), leading Toolbox into sending its OAuth/service-account access token to an attacker-controlled listener. Depending on the configuration, this leaks either the end-user\u0027s token or the broader service-account access token (ADC), potentially exposing Protected Health Information (PHI) and secondary Google Cloud Platform services.",
  "id": "GHSA-qr8r-mqp7-36xx",
  "modified": "2026-09-28T15:31:19Z",
  "published": "2026-07-27T21:31:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16481"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/googleapis/mcp-toolbox/pull/3453"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

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Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Action not permitted

CVE-2026-16481 (GCVE-0-2026-16481)

FKIE_CVE-2026-16481

GHSA-QR8R-MQP7-36XX

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