CVE-2026-111224 (GCVE-0-2026-111224)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 18:46 – Updated: 2026-10-16 17:11
VLAI
Title
Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.connect_async.sh
Summary
pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the OpenVPN openvpn.connect_async.sh script that allows authenticated VPN users to execute commands as root via crafted usernames. Attackers authenticated through RADIUS or LDAP can use usernames containing single quotes and shell metacharacters to break out of the eval'd pfctl anchor name on connect or disconnect.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 16:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6373 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Netgate pfSense CE Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.9.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:netgate:pfsense:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-15 05:50
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-111224",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-16T16:29:15.607344Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T17:11:27.008Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageURL": "pkg:github/pfsense/pfsense",
          "product": "pfSense CE",
          "repo": "https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense",
          "vendor": "Netgate",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "2.9.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netgate:pfsense:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndIncluding": "2.9.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Abraxas Labs"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-10-15T05:50:19.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the OpenVPN openvpn.connect_async.sh script that allows authenticated VPN users to execute commands as root via crafted usernames. Attackers authenticated through RADIUS or LDAP can use usernames containing single quotes and shell metacharacters to break out of the eval\u0027d pfctl anchor name on connect or disconnect."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 7.7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-78",
              "description": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T18:46:24.410Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit",
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-connect-eval"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftovers"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.connect_async.sh#L83-L114"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.connect_async.sh",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-through-2.9.0-os-command-injection-via-openvpn-connect-async-sh"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.connect_async.sh",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-111224",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-15T18:46:24.410Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-15T18:21:21.555Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T17:11:27.008Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-111224",
      "date": "2026-10-16",
      "epss": "0.05366",
      "percentile": "0.9255"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "collectionURL": "https://github.com",
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "packageURL": "pkg:github/pfsense/pfsense",
                "product": "pfSense CE",
                "repo": "https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense",
                "vendor": "Netgate",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "2.9.0",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the OpenVPN openvpn.connect_async.sh script that allows authenticated VPN users to execute commands as root via crafted usernames. Attackers authenticated through RADIUS or LDAP can use usernames containing single quotes and shell metacharacters to break out of the eval\u0027d pfctl anchor name on connect or disconnect."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-111224",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-16T18:17:36.877",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.5,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.6,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "cvssMetricV40": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "baseScore": 7.7,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-111224",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-16T16:29:15.607344Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-10-15T19:17:35.090",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
            "url": "https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftovers"
          },
          {
            "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-connect-eval"
          },
          {
            "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.connect_async.sh#L83-L114"
          },
          {
            "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
            "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-through-2.9.0-os-command-injection-via-openvpn-connect-async-sh"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-78"
              }
            ],
            "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2026-111224",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-10-16T16:29:15.607344Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T16:29:16.438Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://github.com",
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "packageURL": "pkg:github/pfsense/pfsense",
              "product": "pfSense CE",
              "repo": "https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense",
              "vendor": "Netgate",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "2.9.0",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netgate:pfsense:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndIncluding": "2.9.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "credits": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "finder",
              "value": "Abraxas Labs"
            }
          ],
          "datePublic": "2026-10-15T05:50:19.000Z",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the OpenVPN openvpn.connect_async.sh script that allows authenticated VPN users to execute commands as root via crafted usernames. Attackers authenticated through RADIUS or LDAP can use usernames containing single quotes and shell metacharacters to break out of the eval\u0027d pfctl anchor name on connect or disconnect."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV4_0": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "baseScore": 7.7,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
              },
              "format": "CVSS"
            },
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.5,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "format": "CVSS"
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-78",
                  "description": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T18:46:24.410Z",
            "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
            "shortName": "VulnCheck"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "tags": [
                "exploit",
                "technical-description"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-connect-eval"
            },
            {
              "tags": [
                "technical-description"
              ],
              "url": "https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftovers"
            },
            {
              "tags": [
                "technical-description"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.connect_async.sh#L83-L114"
            },
            {
              "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.connect_async.sh",
              "tags": [
                "third-party-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-through-2.9.0-os-command-injection-via-openvpn-connect-async-sh"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.connect_async.sh",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-111224",
        "datePublished": "2026-10-15T18:46:24.410Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-10-15T18:21:21.555Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T17:11:27.008Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
Events included in the timeline

Loading timeline…


    Loading…

    Loading…

    Loading…

    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.