CVE-2026-109231 (GCVE-0-2026-109231)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-31 09:29 – Updated: 2026-11-03 19:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Germanized for WooCommerce <= 4.1.4 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Unauthorized Access of Private Data via Activation Token Reuse via Activation Token Reuse After Email Change
Summary
The Germanized for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Unauthorized Access of Private Data via Activation Token Reuse in versions up to, and including, 4.1.4. This is due to the `on_user_email_changed` hook — which is responsible for rotating the activation token and recording a pending-email-change marker on an unactivated Customer account — only being registered inside the `is_double_opt_in_login_enabled()` branch when "Disable login for unactivated customers" is set to Yes, leaving the original `?activate=` token valid and entirely unbound to the email address it was issued for when that setting is No. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change their account email to a victim's billing email via the standard `/my-account/edit-account/` form and then redeem their original activation token through `customer_account_activate()`, triggering `link_customer_past_orders()` to reassign any matching guest order to the attacker's account and exposing the original buyer's billing name, street address, phone number, and purchased items on the attacker's My Account order page. Exploitation requires the site to have double opt-in enabled with "Disable login for unactivated customers" explicitly set to No (a non-default configuration), public customer registration enabled, and the original activation token redeemed within its one-day expiry window.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 19:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-841 - Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vendidero | Germanized for WooCommerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.1.4
(semver)
|
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-109231",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-11-03T19:09:50.876055Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-03T19:10:03.488Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Germanized for WooCommerce",
"vendor": "vendidero",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "4.1.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Sawyer"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Germanized for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Unauthorized Access of Private Data via Activation Token Reuse in versions up to, and including, 4.1.4. This is due to the `on_user_email_changed` hook \u2014 which is responsible for rotating the activation token and recording a pending-email-change marker on an unactivated Customer account \u2014 only being registered inside the `is_double_opt_in_login_enabled()` branch when \"Disable login for unactivated customers\" is set to Yes, leaving the original `?activate=` token valid and entirely unbound to the email address it was issued for when that setting is No. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change their account email to a victim\u0027s billing email via the standard `/my-account/edit-account/` form and then redeem their original activation token through `customer_account_activate()`, triggering `link_customer_past_orders()` to reassign any matching guest order to the attacker\u0027s account and exposing the original buyer\u0027s billing name, street address, phone number, and purchased items on the attacker\u0027s My Account order page. Exploitation requires the site to have double opt-in enabled with \"Disable login for unactivated customers\" explicitly set to No (a non-default configuration), public customer registration enabled, and the original activation token redeemed within its one-day expiry window."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-841",
"description": "CWE-841 Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-31T09:29:27.848Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b661e8d7-c50e-4cbf-86a8-3e44d7b61871?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L915"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L88"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L687"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L127"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3743210%40woocommerce-germanized\u0026new=3743210%40woocommerce-germanized"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-12T14:14:46.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-30T21:04:17.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Germanized for WooCommerce \u003c= 4.1.4 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Unauthorized Access of Private Data via Activation Token Reuse via Activation Token Reuse After Email Change"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-109231",
"datePublished": "2026-10-31T09:29:27.848Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-12T13:59:09.025Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-03T19:10:03.488Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2026-109231",
"date": "2026-11-04",
"epss": "0.00369",
"percentile": "0.31026"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Germanized for WooCommerce",
"vendor": "vendidero",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "4.1.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security@wordfence.com"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Germanized for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Unauthorized Access of Private Data via Activation Token Reuse in versions up to, and including, 4.1.4. This is due to the `on_user_email_changed` hook \u2014 which is responsible for rotating the activation token and recording a pending-email-change marker on an unactivated Customer account \u2014 only being registered inside the `is_double_opt_in_login_enabled()` branch when \"Disable login for unactivated customers\" is set to Yes, leaving the original `?activate=` token valid and entirely unbound to the email address it was issued for when that setting is No. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change their account email to a victim\u0027s billing email via the standard `/my-account/edit-account/` form and then redeem their original activation token through `customer_account_activate()`, triggering `link_customer_past_orders()` to reassign any matching guest order to the attacker\u0027s account and exposing the original buyer\u0027s billing name, street address, phone number, and purchased items on the attacker\u0027s My Account order page. Exploitation requires the site to have double opt-in enabled with \"Disable login for unactivated customers\" explicitly set to No (a non-default configuration), public customer registration enabled, and the original activation token redeemed within its one-day expiry window."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-109231",
"lastModified": "2026-11-03T19:17:47.957",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 1.4,
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-109231",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-11-03T19:09:50.876055Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-10-31T10:16:37.660",
"references": [
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L127"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L687"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L88"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L915"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3743210%40woocommerce-germanized\u0026new=3743210%40woocommerce-germanized"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b661e8d7-c50e-4cbf-86a8-3e44d7b61871?source=cve"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security@wordfence.com",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-841"
}
],
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-109231",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-11-03T19:09:50.876055Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-03T19:09:57.020Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Germanized for WooCommerce",
"vendor": "vendidero",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "4.1.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Sawyer"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Germanized for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Unauthorized Access of Private Data via Activation Token Reuse in versions up to, and including, 4.1.4. This is due to the `on_user_email_changed` hook \u2014 which is responsible for rotating the activation token and recording a pending-email-change marker on an unactivated Customer account \u2014 only being registered inside the `is_double_opt_in_login_enabled()` branch when \"Disable login for unactivated customers\" is set to Yes, leaving the original `?activate=` token valid and entirely unbound to the email address it was issued for when that setting is No. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change their account email to a victim\u0027s billing email via the standard `/my-account/edit-account/` form and then redeem their original activation token through `customer_account_activate()`, triggering `link_customer_past_orders()` to reassign any matching guest order to the attacker\u0027s account and exposing the original buyer\u0027s billing name, street address, phone number, and purchased items on the attacker\u0027s My Account order page. Exploitation requires the site to have double opt-in enabled with \"Disable login for unactivated customers\" explicitly set to No (a non-default configuration), public customer registration enabled, and the original activation token redeemed within its one-day expiry window."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-841",
"description": "CWE-841 Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-31T09:29:27.848Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b661e8d7-c50e-4cbf-86a8-3e44d7b61871?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L915"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L88"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L687"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-germanized/tags/4.1.4/includes/class-wc-gzd-customer-helper.php#L127"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3743210%40woocommerce-germanized\u0026new=3743210%40woocommerce-germanized"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-12T14:14:46.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-30T21:04:17.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Germanized for WooCommerce \u003c= 4.1.4 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Unauthorized Access of Private Data via Activation Token Reuse via Activation Token Reuse After Email Change"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-109231",
"datePublished": "2026-10-31T09:29:27.848Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-12T13:59:09.025Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-03T19:10:03.488Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.