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CVE-2025-9231 (GCVE-0-2025-9231)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 13:17 – Updated: 2026-07-14 12:39
VLAI
Title
Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM
Summary
Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote recovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit ARM platforms. Impact summary: A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit ARM platforms could allow recovering the private key by an attacker.. While remote key recovery over a network was not attempted by the reporter, timing measurements revealed a timing signal which may allow such an attack. OpenSSL does not directly support certificates with SM2 keys in TLS, and so this CVE is not relevant in most TLS contexts. However, given that it is possible to add support for such certificates via a custom provider, coupled with the fact that in such a custom provider context the private key may be recoverable via remote timing measurements, we consider this to be a Moderate severity issue. The FIPS modules in 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as SM2 is not an approved algorithm.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 19:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
OpenSSL OpenSSL Affected: 3.5.0 , < 3.5.4 (semver)
Affected: 3.4.0 , < 3.4.3 (semver)
Affected: 3.3.0 , < 3.3.5 (semver)
Affected: 3.2.0 , < 3.2.6 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2428P Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2428P Affected: 0 , < V4.0 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 family Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XCH328 Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XCM324 Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XCM328 Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XCM332 Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRH334 (24 V DC, 8xFO, CC) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 12xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 8xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 12xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 8xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24V DC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 12xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 8xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIDIS Secured SmartPlug Affected: 0 , < V7.26.0310 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC CN 4100 Affected: 0 , < V5.0 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-09-30 14:00
Credits
Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research) Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research) Tomas Mraz
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Sin embargo, dado que es posible a\u00f1adir soporte para dichos certificados a trav\u00e9s de un proveedor personalizado, junto con el hecho de que en un contexto de proveedor personalizado de este tipo la clave privada podr\u00eda ser recuperable mediante mediciones remotas de temporizaci\u00f3n, consideramos que este es un problema de severidad Moderada.\\n\\nLos m\u00f3dulos FIPS en 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 y 3.0 no se ven afectados por este problema, ya que SM2 no es un algoritmo 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    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-01T11:52:03+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-9231",
      "id": "CVE-2025-9231",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-09-30T23:59:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "3",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "70",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "openssl: Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-9231.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
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However, given that it is\\npossible to add support for such certificates via a custom provider, coupled\\nwith the fact that in such a custom provider context the private key may be\\nrecoverable via remote timing measurements, we consider this to be a Moderate\\nseverity issue.\\n\\nThe FIPS modules in 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 are not affected by this\\nissue, as SM2 is not an approved algorithm.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote\u003cbr\u003erecovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit\u003cbr\u003eARM platforms.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact summary: A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit\u003cbr\u003eARM platforms could allow recovering the private key by an attacker..\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile remote key recovery over a network was not attempted by the reporter,\u003cbr\u003etiming measurements revealed a timing signal which may allow such an attack.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOpenSSL does not directly support certificates with SM2 keys in TLS, and so\u003cbr\u003ethis CVE is not relevant in most TLS contexts.  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      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-9231\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-07-14T12:39:17.450Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-08-20T08:38:09.832Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"3a12439a-ef3a-4c79-92e6-6081a721f1e5\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-09-30T13:17:12.007Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"openssl\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.