CVE-2025-71202 (GCVE-0-2025-71202)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-14 15:36 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:12
VLAI
Title
iommu/sva: invalidate stale IOTLB entries for kernel address space
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/sva: invalidate stale IOTLB entries for kernel address space Introduce a new IOMMU interface to flush IOTLB paging cache entries for the CPU kernel address space. This interface is invoked from the x86 architecture code that manages combined user and kernel page tables, specifically before any kernel page table page is freed and reused. This addresses the main issue with vfree() which is a common occurrence and can be triggered by unprivileged users. While this resolves the primary problem, it doesn't address some extremely rare case related to memory unplug of memory that was present as reserved memory at boot, which cannot be triggered by unprivileged users. The discussion can be found at the link below. Enable SVA on x86 architecture since the IOMMU can now receive notification to flush the paging cache before freeing the CPU kernel page table pages.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 2f26e0a9c9860db290d63e9d85c2c8c09813677f , < 9f0a7ab700f8620e433b05c57fbd26c92ea186d9 (git)
Affected: 2f26e0a9c9860db290d63e9d85c2c8c09813677f , < e37d5a2d60a338c5917c45296bac65da1382eda5 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.4
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.7 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.19 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/x86/Kconfig",
            "drivers/iommu/iommu-sva.c",
            "include/linux/iommu.h",
            "mm/pgtable-generic.c"
          ],
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          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/sva: invalidate stale IOTLB entries for kernel address space\n\nIntroduce a new IOMMU interface to flush IOTLB paging cache entries for\nthe CPU kernel address space.  This interface is invoked from the x86\narchitecture code that manages combined user and kernel page tables,\nspecifically before any kernel page table page is freed and reused.\n\nThis addresses the main issue with vfree() which is a common occurrence\nand can be triggered by unprivileged users.  While this resolves the\nprimary problem, it doesn\u0027t address some extremely rare case related to\nmemory unplug of memory that was present as reserved memory at boot, which\ncannot be triggered by unprivileged users.  The discussion can be found at\nthe link below.\n\nEnable SVA on x86 architecture since the IOMMU can now receive\nnotification to flush the paging cache before freeing the CPU kernel page\ntable pages."
        }
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            "version": "3.1"
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              "value": "AV:L - An attacker reaches the flaw locally by opening an SVA-enabled userspace accelerator device and submitting PASID-tagged DMA descriptors that force walks of chosen kernel virtual addresses.\nAC:L - On an affected x86 SVA deployment, the attacker controls the device requests and can repeatedly drive unprivileged vfree activity, allocator spraying, and page reuse without relying on an uncontrollable race.\nPR:L - SVA user queues are intended for ordinary processes; after device-node access is granted, the binding and descriptor-submission paths require no capability on hardware marked safe for userspace submission.\nUI:N - The attacker can bind its own address space, prime the IOMMU paging-structure cache, and trigger reclamation and reuse without another user\u0027s involvement.\nS:C - The flaw bypasses the PASID/IOMMU DMA isolation boundary, allowing a process-scoped SVA context to access host physical memory outside its security authority.\nC:H - A reused page-table page can contain attacker-controlled entries that the IOMMU interprets as translations, enabling arbitrary physical-memory DMA reads of kernel or other-process data.\nI:H - The forged translation path can enable arbitrary physical-memory DMA writes and privilege escalation; page walks can also write Accessed and Dirty bits into freed memory.\nA:H - Arbitrary physical-memory DMA writes and page-table write-after-free can corrupt critical kernel state, causing a kernel crash, panic, or system hang."
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-71202",
    "datePublished": "2026-02-14T15:36:06.588Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-01-31T11:36:51.194Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:12:31.577Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
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      "cve": "CVE-2025-71202",
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      "initial_release_date": "2026-02-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "2",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
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      "version": "2"
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While this resolves the\\nprimary problem, it doesn\u0027t address some extremely rare case related to\\nmemory unplug of memory that was present as reserved memory at boot, which\\ncannot be triggered by unprivileged users.  The discussion can be found at\\nthe link below.\\n\\nEnable SVA on x86 architecture since the IOMMU can now receive\\nnotification to flush the paging cache before freeing the CPU kernel page\\ntable pages.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\\n\\niommu/sva: invalidar entradas IOTLB obsoletas para el espacio de direcciones del kernel\\n\\nSe introduce una nueva interfaz IOMMU para vaciar las entradas de la cach\u00e9 de paginaci\u00f3n IOTLB para el espacio de direcciones del kernel de la CPU. Esta interfaz se invoca desde el c\u00f3digo de arquitectura x86 que gestiona las tablas de p\u00e1ginas combinadas de usuario y kernel, espec\u00edficamente antes de que cualquier p\u00e1gina de tabla de p\u00e1ginas del kernel sea liberada y reutilizada.\\n\\nEsto aborda el problema principal con vfree(), que es una ocurrencia com\u00fan y puede ser activado por usuarios no privilegiados. Si bien esto resuelve el problema principal, no aborda un caso extremadamente raro relacionado con la desconexi\u00f3n de memoria que estaba presente como memoria reservada en el arranque, que no puede ser activado por usuarios no privilegiados. La discusi\u00f3n se puede encontrar en el enlace a continuaci\u00f3n.\\n\\nHabilitar SVA en la arquitectura x86 ya que la IOMMU ahora puede recibir notificaci\u00f3n para vaciar la cach\u00e9 de paginaci\u00f3n antes de liberar las p\u00e1ginas de la tabla de p\u00e1ginas del kernel de la CPU.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"arch/x86/Kconfig\",\"drivers/iommu/iommu-sva.c\",\"include/linux/iommu.h\",\"mm/pgtable-generic.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"2f26e0a9c9860db290d63e9d85c2c8c09813677f\",\"lessThan\":\"9f0a7ab700f8620e433b05c57fbd26c92ea186d9\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"2f26e0a9c9860db290d63e9d85c2c8c09813677f\",\"lessThan\":\"e37d5a2d60a338c5917c45296bac65da1382eda5\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"arch/x86/Kconfig\",\"drivers/iommu/iommu-sva.c\",\"include/linux/iommu.h\",\"mm/pgtable-generic.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.4\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.4\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.7\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.19\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":8.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"CHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.0,\"impactScore\":6.0},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.4\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.18.7\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5C29D5ED-C655-4CB5-A512-F2DAAF821D2A\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9f0a7ab700f8620e433b05c57fbd26c92ea186d9\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e37d5a2d60a338c5917c45296bac65da1382eda5\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:32:36+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-71202",
      "id": "CVE-2025-71202",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "260",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: Linux kernel: Memory Corruption and Kernel Crashes via IOMMU SVA coherency issue",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-71202.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


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