CVE-2025-71097 (GCVE-0-2025-71097)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 15:34 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ipv4: Fix reference count leak when using error routes with nexthop objects
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ipv4: Fix reference count leak when using error routes with nexthop objects
When a nexthop object is deleted, it is marked as dead and then
fib_table_flush() is called to flush all the routes that are using the
dead nexthop.
The current logic in fib_table_flush() is to only flush error routes
(e.g., blackhole) when it is called as part of network namespace
dismantle (i.e., with flush_all=true). Therefore, error routes are not
flushed when their nexthop object is deleted:
# ip link add name dummy1 up type dummy
# ip nexthop add id 1 dev dummy1
# ip route add 198.51.100.1/32 nhid 1
# ip route add blackhole 198.51.100.2/32 nhid 1
# ip nexthop del id 1
# ip route show
blackhole 198.51.100.2 nhid 1 dev dummy1
As such, they keep holding a reference on the nexthop object which in
turn holds a reference on the nexthop device, resulting in a reference
count leak:
# ip link del dev dummy1
[ 70.516258] unregister_netdevice: waiting for dummy1 to become free. Usage count = 2
Fix by flushing error routes when their nexthop is marked as dead.
IPv6 does not suffer from this problem.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 20:40 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
493ced1ac47c48bb86d9d4e8e87df8592be85a0e , < 5de7ad7e18356e39e8fbf7edd185a5faaf4f385a
(git)
Affected: 493ced1ac47c48bb86d9d4e8e87df8592be85a0e , < 33ff5c207c873215e54e6176624ed57423cb7dea (git) Affected: 493ced1ac47c48bb86d9d4e8e87df8592be85a0e , < 30386e090c49e803c0616a7147e43409c32a2b0e (git) Affected: 493ced1ac47c48bb86d9d4e8e87df8592be85a0e , < 5979338c83012110ccd45cae6517591770bfe536 (git) Affected: 493ced1ac47c48bb86d9d4e8e87df8592be85a0e , < ee4183501ea556dca31f5ffd8690aa9fd25b609f (git) Affected: 493ced1ac47c48bb86d9d4e8e87df8592be85a0e , < e3fc381320d04e4a74311e576a86cac49a16fc43 (git) Affected: 493ced1ac47c48bb86d9d4e8e87df8592be85a0e , < ac782f4e3bfcde145b8a7f8af31d9422d94d172a (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.3
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.3 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.248 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.198 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.160 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.120 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.64 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.4 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.19 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv4: Fix reference count leak when using error routes with nexthop objects\n\nWhen a nexthop object is deleted, it is marked as dead and then\nfib_table_flush() is called to flush all the routes that are using the\ndead nexthop.\n\nThe current logic in fib_table_flush() is to only flush error routes\n(e.g., blackhole) when it is called as part of network namespace\ndismantle (i.e., with flush_all=true). Therefore, error routes are not\nflushed when their nexthop object is deleted:\n\n # ip link add name dummy1 up type dummy\n # ip nexthop add id 1 dev dummy1\n # ip route add 198.51.100.1/32 nhid 1\n # ip route add blackhole 198.51.100.2/32 nhid 1\n # ip nexthop del id 1\n # ip route show\n blackhole 198.51.100.2 nhid 1 dev dummy1\n\nAs such, they keep holding a reference on the nexthop object which in\nturn holds a reference on the nexthop device, resulting in a reference\ncount leak:\n\n # ip link del dev dummy1\n [ 70.516258] unregister_netdevice: waiting for dummy1 to become free. Usage count = 2\n\nFix by flushing error routes when their nexthop is marked as dead.\n\nIPv6 does not suffer from this problem."
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"value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nipv4: Correcci\u00f3n de fuga de contador de referencias al usar rutas de error con objetos nexthop\n\nCuando un objeto nexthop es eliminado, es marcado como muerto y luego se llama a fib_table_flush() para vaciar todas las rutas que est\u00e1n usando el nexthop muerto.\n\nLa l\u00f3gica actual en fib_table_flush() es vaciar solo las rutas de error (p. ej., blackhole) cuando se llama como parte del desmantelamiento de un espacio de nombres de red (es decir, con flush_all=true). Por lo tanto, las rutas de error no se vac\u00edan cuando su objeto nexthop es eliminado:\n\n # ip link add name dummy1 up type dummy\n # ip nexthop add id 1 dev dummy1\n # ip route add 198.51.100.1/32 nhid 1\n # ip route add blackhole 198.51.100.2/32 nhid 1\n # ip nexthop del id 1\n # ip route show\n blackhole 198.51.100.2 nhid 1 dev dummy1\n\nComo tal, siguen manteniendo una referencia en el objeto nexthop que a su vez mantiene una referencia en el dispositivo nexthop, lo que resulta en una fuga de contador de referencias:\n\n # ip link del dev dummy1\n [ 70.516258] unregister_netdevice: waiting for dummy1 to become free. Usage count = 2\n\nCorrecci\u00f3n vaciando las rutas de error cuando su nexthop es marcado como muerto.\n\nIPv6 no sufre de este problema."
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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