CVE-2025-68315 (GCVE-0-2025-68315)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 15:39 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
f2fs: fix to detect potential corrupted nid in free_nid_list
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
f2fs: fix to detect potential corrupted nid in free_nid_list
As reported, on-disk footer.ino and footer.nid is the same and
out-of-range, let's add sanity check on f2fs_alloc_nid() to detect
any potential corruption in free_nid_list.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 , < 88b2ddb0c4f1dc874d4598e78cc830c64315ed86
(git)
Affected: 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 , < 9337ed5e777e1c19854928cba7a8131dd00e611b (git) Affected: 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 , < 6b9525596a83cd5b7bbc2c7bd5f9ad9cf5ad60fa (git) Affected: 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 , < adbcb34f03abb89e681a5907c4c3ce4bf224991d (git) Affected: 98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4 , < 8fc6056dcf79937c46c97fa4996cda65956437a9 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
3.8
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.8 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.175 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.140 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.58 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.8 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"fs/f2fs/node.c",
"include/linux/f2fs_fs.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "98e4da8ca301e062d79ae168c67e56f3c3de3ce4",
"versionType": "git"
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{
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "git"
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{
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{
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"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"fs/f2fs/node.c",
"include/linux/f2fs_fs.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.8"
},
{
"lessThan": "3.8",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.175",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.140",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.58",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.8",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.175",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.140",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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"vulnerable": true
},
{
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"versionEndExcluding": "6.17.8",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.8",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
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],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: fix to detect potential corrupted nid in free_nid_list\n\nAs reported, on-disk footer.ino and footer.nid is the same and\nout-of-range, let\u0027s add sanity check on f2fs_alloc_nid() to detect\nany potential corruption in free_nid_list."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:N - F2FS supports NFS exports, and a network NFS CREATE request reaches nfsd3_proc_create(), vfs_create(), f2fs_create(), f2fs_new_inode(), and f2fs_alloc_nid(). A writable F2FS-backed NFS server is a reasonable network-facing deployment.\nAC:L - Once an invalid NID is present, allocation deterministically consumes it from the list head; repeated CREATE requests require no race or timing conditions. Older affected kernels also lacked producer-side range validation, allowing corrupted metadata to seed the list directly.\nPR:N - A writable NFS export accepting AUTH_NULL or unauthenticated AUTH_SYS requests permits CREATE without verified credentials. The allocation path itself performs no capability check.\nUI:N - The attacker can trigger allocation directly with network filesystem operations; no victim action is required during exploitation.\nS:U - The vulnerable filesystem code and the affected kernel memory, execution, and storage resources share the same kernel security authority.\nC:H - The invalid NID causes out-of-bounds bitmap and pointer-array reads, and the resulting kernel memory corruption can plausibly be leveraged to disclose arbitrary kernel memory.\nI:H - The unchecked index can drive an out-of-bounds bit clear and counter decrement through free_nid_bitmap and free_nid_count, while also committing invalid node and NAT metadata. These writes can plausibly enable control-flow compromise and persistent filesystem corruption.\nA:H - The out-of-bounds accesses can crash or hang the kernel, while invalid node metadata can force checkpoint failure or persistent filesystem unavailability. Network requests can trigger the condition repeatedly."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:49.846Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88b2ddb0c4f1dc874d4598e78cc830c64315ed86"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9337ed5e777e1c19854928cba7a8131dd00e611b"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b9525596a83cd5b7bbc2c7bd5f9ad9cf5ad60fa"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/adbcb34f03abb89e681a5907c4c3ce4bf224991d"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8fc6056dcf79937c46c97fa4996cda65956437a9"
}
],
"title": "f2fs: fix to detect potential corrupted nid in free_nid_list",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-68315",
"datePublished": "2025-12-16T15:39:45.716Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-16T14:48:05.295Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:49.846Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-68315",
"date": "2026-09-18",
"epss": "0.0043",
"percentile": "0.36799"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-01-08T14:49:31.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-68315",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-68315",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "1",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "f2fs: fix to detect potential corrupted nid in free_nid_list",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-68315.json",
"version": "2"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
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"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
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"include/linux/f2fs_fs.h"
],
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"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
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"version": "3.8"
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"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.175",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.140",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.58",
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{
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"version": "6.17.8",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: fix to detect potential corrupted nid in free_nid_list\n\nAs reported, on-disk footer.ino and footer.nid is the same and\nout-of-range, let\u0027s add sanity check on f2fs_alloc_nid() to detect\nany potential corruption in free_nid_list."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-68315",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:37.953",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-12-16T16:16:11.080",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b9525596a83cd5b7bbc2c7bd5f9ad9cf5ad60fa"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88b2ddb0c4f1dc874d4598e78cc830c64315ed86"
},
{
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8fc6056dcf79937c46c97fa4996cda65956437a9"
},
{
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9337ed5e777e1c19854928cba7a8131dd00e611b"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/adbcb34f03abb89e681a5907c4c3ce4bf224991d"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Important",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-13T17:35:07+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-68315",
"id": "CVE-2025-68315",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-16T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: Linux kernel (f2fs): Denial of service or data corruption via f2fs metadata flaw",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-68315.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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