CVE-2025-68208 (GCVE-0-2025-68208)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 13:48 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
bpf: account for current allocated stack depth in widen_imprecise_scalars()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: account for current allocated stack depth in widen_imprecise_scalars()
The usage pattern for widen_imprecise_scalars() looks as follows:
prev_st = find_prev_entry(env, ...);
queued_st = push_stack(...);
widen_imprecise_scalars(env, prev_st, queued_st);
Where prev_st is an ancestor of the queued_st in the explored states
tree. This ancestor is not guaranteed to have same allocated stack
depth as queued_st. E.g. in the following case:
def main():
for i in 1..2:
foo(i) // same callsite, differnt param
def foo(i):
if i == 1:
use 128 bytes of stack
iterator based loop
Here, for a second 'foo' call prev_st->allocated_stack is 128,
while queued_st->allocated_stack is much smaller.
widen_imprecise_scalars() needs to take this into account and avoid
accessing bpf_verifier_state->frame[*]->stack out of bounds.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
ab470fefce2837e66b771c60858118d50bb5bb10 , < 64b12dca2b0abcb5fc0542887d18b926ea5cf711
(git)
Affected: 2793a8b015f7f1caadb9bce9c63dc659f7522676 , < 9944c7938cd5b3f37b0afec0481c7c015e4f1c58 (git) Affected: 2793a8b015f7f1caadb9bce9c63dc659f7522676 , < 57e04e2ff56e32f923154f0f7bc476fcb596ffe7 (git) Affected: 2793a8b015f7f1caadb9bce9c63dc659f7522676 , < b0c8e6d3d866b6a7f73877f71968dbffd27b7785 (git) Affected: 6.6.15 , < 6.6.117 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.7
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.7 (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.117 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.59 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.9 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
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"affected": [
{
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"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"kernel/bpf/verifier.c"
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"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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"versions": [
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
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{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.117",
"versionType": "semver"
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{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.59",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.9",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
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{
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}
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"negate": false,
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: account for current allocated stack depth in widen_imprecise_scalars()\n\nThe usage pattern for widen_imprecise_scalars() looks as follows:\n\n prev_st = find_prev_entry(env, ...);\n queued_st = push_stack(...);\n widen_imprecise_scalars(env, prev_st, queued_st);\n\nWhere prev_st is an ancestor of the queued_st in the explored states\ntree. This ancestor is not guaranteed to have same allocated stack\ndepth as queued_st. E.g. in the following case:\n\n def main():\n for i in 1..2:\n foo(i) // same callsite, differnt param\n\n def foo(i):\n if i == 1:\n use 128 bytes of stack\n iterator based loop\n\nHere, for a second \u0027foo\u0027 call prev_st-\u003eallocated_stack is 128,\nwhile queued_st-\u003eallocated_stack is much smaller.\nwiden_imprecise_scalars() needs to take this into account and avoid\naccessing bpf_verifier_state-\u003eframe[*]-\u003estack out of bounds."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The attacker reaches the vulnerable verifier through a local BPF_PROG_LOAD syscall; no network or physical path invokes it.\nAC:L - A crafted BPF program deterministically creates the mismatched verifier stack depths, as confirmed by the upstream KASAN regression test. Any heap grooming needed for exploitation is attacker-controlled, with no race or victim-dependent condition.\nPR:L - The trigger requires permission to load privileged BPF bytecode; ordinary unprivileged BPF is insufficient. However, CAP_BPF can be delegated through a BPF token to a user namespace, making this reachable without host-administrator privileges in a reasonable container deployment.\nUI:N - Submitting the crafted BPF program directly triggers verification without any action by another user.\nS:U - The vulnerability compromises the kernel containing the BPF verifier and does not inherently cross a VM, IOMMU, or separate security authority boundary.\nC:H - The loop can read numerous bpf_stack_state entries beyond the shorter heap allocation, substantially exceeding a small bounded disclosure. Adjacent verifier-state corruption can also enable further kernel-memory disclosure primitives.\nI:H - If attacker-groomed out-of-bounds bytes resemble an imprecise spilled scalar, maybe_widen_reg() passes the invalid pointer to __mark_reg_unknown(), overwriting an entire bpf_reg_state outside the allocation. This kernel-heap corruption can support data or control-flow manipulation.\nA:H - The upstream reproducer triggers a KASAN out-of-bounds failure, and deeper mismatches can fault or corrupt adjacent kernel objects. Repeated BPF_PROG_LOAD requests can therefore crash or panic the kernel."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:13.855Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64b12dca2b0abcb5fc0542887d18b926ea5cf711"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9944c7938cd5b3f37b0afec0481c7c015e4f1c58"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/57e04e2ff56e32f923154f0f7bc476fcb596ffe7"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0c8e6d3d866b6a7f73877f71968dbffd27b7785"
}
],
"title": "bpf: account for current allocated stack depth in widen_imprecise_scalars()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-68208",
"datePublished": "2025-12-16T13:48:35.298Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-16T13:41:40.255Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:13.855Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-68208",
"date": "2026-09-21",
"epss": "0.00153",
"percentile": "0.04795"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
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"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
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],
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"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "2793a8b015f7f1caadb9bce9c63dc659f7522676",
"versionType": "git"
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{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.15",
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"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
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],
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"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "6.7"
},
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.117",
"versionType": "semver"
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{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.59",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.9",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: account for current allocated stack depth in widen_imprecise_scalars()\n\nThe usage pattern for widen_imprecise_scalars() looks as follows:\n\n prev_st = find_prev_entry(env, ...);\n queued_st = push_stack(...);\n widen_imprecise_scalars(env, prev_st, queued_st);\n\nWhere prev_st is an ancestor of the queued_st in the explored states\ntree. This ancestor is not guaranteed to have same allocated stack\ndepth as queued_st. E.g. in the following case:\n\n def main():\n for i in 1..2:\n foo(i) // same callsite, differnt param\n\n def foo(i):\n if i == 1:\n use 128 bytes of stack\n iterator based loop\n\nHere, for a second \u0027foo\u0027 call prev_st-\u003eallocated_stack is 128,\nwhile queued_st-\u003eallocated_stack is much smaller.\nwiden_imprecise_scalars() needs to take this into account and avoid\naccessing bpf_verifier_state-\u003eframe[*]-\u003estack out of bounds."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-68208",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:33.487",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-12-16T14:15:53.700",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/57e04e2ff56e32f923154f0f7bc476fcb596ffe7"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64b12dca2b0abcb5fc0542887d18b926ea5cf711"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9944c7938cd5b3f37b0afec0481c7c015e4f1c58"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0c8e6d3d866b6a7f73877f71968dbffd27b7785"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:37:10+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-68208",
"id": "CVE-2025-68208",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-16T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "184",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: bpf: account for current allocated stack depth in widen_imprecise_scalars()",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-68208.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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