CVE-2025-68195 (GCVE-0-2025-68195)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 13:43 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
x86/CPU/AMD: Add missing terminator for zen5_rdseed_microcode
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/CPU/AMD: Add missing terminator for zen5_rdseed_microcode
Running x86_match_min_microcode_rev() on a Zen5 CPU trips up KASAN for an out
of bounds access.
Severity
7.1 (High)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
36ff93e66d0efc46e39fab536a9feec968daa766 , < 4c6b56a76478bd1ab609827c571905386c11d308
(git)
Affected: 607b9fb2ce248cc5b633c5949e0153838992c152 , < f1fdffe0afea02ba783acfe815b6a60e7180df40 (git) Affected: e980de2ff109dacb6d9d3a77f01b27c467115ecb (git) Affected: 6.12.58 , < 6.13 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux | guessed |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "4c6b56a76478bd1ab609827c571905386c11d308",
"status": "affected",
"version": "36ff93e66d0efc46e39fab536a9feec968daa766",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "f1fdffe0afea02ba783acfe815b6a60e7180df40",
"status": "affected",
"version": "607b9fb2ce248cc5b633c5949e0153838992c152",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "e980de2ff109dacb6d9d3a77f01b27c467115ecb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.13",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.12.58",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux"
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.12.58",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/CPU/AMD: Add missing terminator for zen5_rdseed_microcode\n\nRunning x86_match_min_microcode_rev() on a Zen5 CPU trips up KASAN for an out\nof bounds access."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable lookup is reached through local CPU boot or secondary-CPU bring-up; no network packets or remotely supplied data reach this path.\nAC:L - On an affected Zen5 CPU not matched by the two valid entries, the table scan deterministically crosses the array boundary without requiring a race, timing window, or other attacker-independent condition.\nPR:L - The lookup contains no capability or authentication check and executes automatically during CPU initialization; conservatively, a basic local foothold is sufficient rather than init-namespace root.\nUI:N - The invalid lookup occurs during CPU initialization without requiring a victim to open a file, mount media, or perform another action.\nS:U - The impact remains within the affected kernel and host; this is not a guest-to-host escape or another security-authority boundary crossing.\nC:H - The missing sentinel permits a source-unbounded read into adjacent kernel memory; the closest prior AMD missing-terminator case was likewise classified as CWE-125 with C:H ([CVE-2024-56721](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56721)).\nI:N - The overrun is read-only: no out-of-bounds-derived value becomes a write address or control-flow target, and AMD separately tracks the underlying RDSEED entropy defect as CVE-2025-62626 ([AMD-SB-7055](https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bul letin/amd-sb-7055.html)).\nA:H - KASAN detects the invalid access, and panic_on_warn or kasan.fault=panic converts the report into a kernel panic during boot or CPU bring-up, making the system unavailable."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:10.646Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c6b56a76478bd1ab609827c571905386c11d308"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1fdffe0afea02ba783acfe815b6a60e7180df40"
}
],
"title": "x86/CPU/AMD: Add missing terminator for zen5_rdseed_microcode",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-68195",
"datePublished": "2025-12-16T13:43:21.855Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-16T13:41:40.253Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:10.646Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-68195",
"date": "2026-09-19",
"epss": "0.0014",
"percentile": "0.03767"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "4c6b56a76478bd1ab609827c571905386c11d308",
"status": "affected",
"version": "36ff93e66d0efc46e39fab536a9feec968daa766",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "f1fdffe0afea02ba783acfe815b6a60e7180df40",
"status": "affected",
"version": "607b9fb2ce248cc5b633c5949e0153838992c152",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "e980de2ff109dacb6d9d3a77f01b27c467115ecb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.13",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.12.58",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux"
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/CPU/AMD: Add missing terminator for zen5_rdseed_microcode\n\nRunning x86_match_min_microcode_rev() on a Zen5 CPU trips up KASAN for an out\nof bounds access."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-68195",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:33.117",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.2,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-12-16T14:15:52.263",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c6b56a76478bd1ab609827c571905386c11d308"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1fdffe0afea02ba783acfe815b6a60e7180df40"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-13T17:54:55+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-68195",
"id": "CVE-2025-68195",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-16T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: Linux kernel: Denial of service via out-of-bounds memory access in AMD Zen5 microcode handling",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-68195.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
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