CVE-2025-62593 (GCVE-0-2025-62593)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-26 22:28 – Updated: 2026-08-18 03:55| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-inf… | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ray-project | ray |
Affected:
< 2.52.0
|
guessed |
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
Scope
Evidence
Type: Vendor Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 80%
Source: cisa-kev
Details
| Cwes | CWE-94 CWE-352 |
|---|---|
| Feed | CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog |
| Product | Ray |
| Due Date | 2026-08-21 |
| Date Added | 2026-08-18 |
| Vendorproject | Ray-Project |
| Vulnerabilityname | Ray-Project Ray Code Injection Vulnerability |
| Knownransomwarecampaignuse | Unknown |
References
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
Scope
Evidence
Type: Public Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 70%
Source: kevintel
Details
| Feed | KEVIntel (kevintel.com) |
|---|---|
| Title | Ray is vulnerable to RCE via Safari & Firefox Browsers through DNS Rebinding Attack |
| Vendor | ray-project |
| Product | ray |
| Added Date | 2026-08-18T00:00:00.000Z |
| Cvss Score | 9.4 |
| Epss Score | 0.00369 |
| Cvss Severity | CRITICAL |
| Epss Percentile | 0.30029 |
| Used In Malware | unknown |
| Ahead Of Cisa Kev | None |
| Not Yet In Cisa Kev | False |
References
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-62593",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "active"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-17T00:00:00+00:00",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"dateAdded": "2026-08-17",
"reference": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62593"
},
"type": "kev"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-18T03:55:33.677Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysis"
},
{
"tags": [
"government-resource"
],
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62593"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "ray",
"vendor": "ray-project",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 2.52.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient guard against browser-based attacks, as the current defense uses the User-Agent header starting with the string \"Mozilla\" as a defense mechanism. This defense is insufficient as the fetch specification allows the User-Agent header to be modified. Combined with a DNS rebinding attack against the browser, and this vulnerability is exploitable against a developer running Ray who inadvertently visits a malicious website, or is served a malicious advertisement (malvertising). This issue has been patched in version 2.52.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 9.4,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-352",
"description": "CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-26T22:28:28.577Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Ray is vulnerable to RCE via Safari \u0026 Firefox Browsers through DNS Rebinding Attack"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-62593",
"datePublished": "2025-11-26T22:28:28.577Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-10-16T19:24:37.266Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-18T03:55:33.677Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"cisa_known_exploited": {
"cveID": "CVE-2025-62593",
"cwes": "[\"CWE-94\", \"CWE-352\"]",
"dateAdded": "2026-08-17",
"dueDate": "2026-08-20",
"forensicTriage": "Yes",
"knownRansomwareCampaignUse": "Unknown",
"notes": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v ; https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09 ; BOD 26-04: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; Forensics Triage Requirements: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62593",
"product": "Ray",
"requiredAction": "Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA\u2019s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA\u2019s \u201cForensics Triage Requirements\u201d (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset\u0027s internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.",
"shortDescription": "Ray-Project Ray contains a code injection vulnerability that could allow remote code execution. Developers using Ray as a development tool may be exposed to this vulnerability exploitable through Firefox and Safari.",
"vendorProject": "Ray-Project",
"vulnerabilityName": "Ray-Project Ray Code Injection Vulnerability"
},
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-62593",
"date": "2026-09-17",
"epss": "0.16888",
"percentile": "0.96897"
},
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-62593\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2025-11-26T23:15:47.927\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-08-18T04:16:40.860\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient guard against browser-based attacks, as the current defense uses the User-Agent header starting with the string \\\"Mozilla\\\" as a defense mechanism. This defense is insufficient as the fetch specification allows the User-Agent header to be modified. Combined with a DNS rebinding attack against the browser, and this vulnerability is exploitable against a developer running Ray who inadvertently visits a malicious website, or is served a malicious advertisement (malvertising). This issue has been patched in version 2.52.0.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"ray-project\",\"product\":\"ray\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"\u003c 2.52.0\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":9.4,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"attackRequirements\":\"NONE\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"PASSIVE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}],\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":8.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"REQUIRED\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-08-17T00:00:00+00:00\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-62593\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"active\"},{\"automatable\":\"yes\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"total\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"cisaExploitAdd\":\"2026-08-17\",\"cisaActionDue\":\"2026-08-20\",\"cisaRequiredAction\":\"Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA\u2019s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA\u2019s \u201cForensics Triage Requirements\u201d (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset\u0027s internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.\",\"cisaVulnerabilityName\":\"Ray-Project Ray Code Injection Vulnerability\",\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-94\"},{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-352\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:anyscale:ray:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"2.52.0\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"EEAA235D-B305-4247-8840-CCABC90D54C1\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Patch\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysis\",\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62593\",\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"tags\":[\"US Government Resource\"]}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Important",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-31T13:43:09+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-62593",
"id": "CVE-2025-62593",
"initial_release_date": "2025-11-26T22:28:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "51",
"product_status:known_affected": "1",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "628",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "ray: Ray is vulnerable to RCE via Safari \u0026 Firefox Browsers through DNS Rebinding Attack",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-62593.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-62593\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"active\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-08-17T17:40:04.986785Z\"}}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"kev\", \"content\": {\"dateAdded\": \"2026-08-17\", \"reference\": \"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62593\"}}}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysis\", \"tags\": [\"third-party-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62593\", \"tags\": [\"government-resource\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-28T18:22:05.838Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Ray is vulnerable to RCE via Safari \u0026 Firefox Browsers through DNS Rebinding Attack\", \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV4_0\": {\"version\": \"4.0\", \"baseScore\": 9.4, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"CRITICAL\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H\", \"userInteraction\": \"PASSIVE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackRequirements\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"subIntegrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"vulnIntegrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subAvailabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"vulnAvailabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"ray-project\", \"product\": \"ray\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"\u003c 2.52.0\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient guard against browser-based attacks, as the current defense uses the User-Agent header starting with the string \\\"Mozilla\\\" as a defense mechanism. This defense is insufficient as the fetch specification allows the User-Agent header to be modified. Combined with a DNS rebinding attack against the browser, and this vulnerability is exploitable against a developer running Ray who inadvertently visits a malicious website, or is served a malicious advertisement (malvertising). This issue has been patched in version 2.52.0.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-94\", \"description\": \"CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)\"}]}, {\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-352\", \"description\": \"CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-26T22:28:28.577Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-62593\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-18T03:55:33.677Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-10-16T19:24:37.266Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-11-26T22:28:28.577Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.