Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-62491 (GCVE-0-2025-62491)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-16 15:51 – Updated: 2025-10-16 18:04

Title

Use-after-free in js_std_promise_rejection_check in QuickJS

Summary

A Use-After-Free (UAF) vulnerability exists in the QuickJS engine's standard library when iterating over the global list of unhandled rejected promises (ts->rejected_promise_list). * The function js_std_promise_rejection_check attempts to iterate over the rejected_promise_list to report unhandled rejections using a standard list loop. * The reason for a promise rejection is processed inside the loop, including calling js_std_dump_error1(ctx, rp->reason). * If the promise rejection reason is an Error object that defines a custom property getter (e.g., via Object.defineProperty), this getter is executed during the error dumping process. * The malicious custom getter can execute JavaScript code that calls catch() on the same rejected promise being processed. * Calling catch() internally triggers js_std_promise_rejection_tracker, which then removes and frees the current promise entry (JSRejectedPromiseEntry) from the rejected_promise_list. * Since the list iteration continues using the now-freed memory pointer (el), the subsequent loop access results in a Use-After-Free condition.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-10-16 18:03 UTC

CWE

CWE-416 - Use After Free

Assigner

Google CNA under the Google root

CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 33 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://bellard.org/quickjs/Changelog
https://issuetracker.google.com/434195203

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
QuickJS	QuickJS	Affected: 2025-04-26 , < 2025-09-13 (date)	guessed

Date Public

2025-07-24 22:00

Credits

Google Big Sleep

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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                "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-416",
                  "description": "CWE-416 Use After Free",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2025-10-16T15:51:24.238Z",
            "orgId": "14ed7db2-1595-443d-9d34-6215bf890778",
            "shortName": "Google"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://bellard.org/quickjs/Changelog"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://issuetracker.google.com/434195203"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "Use-after-free in js_std_promise_rejection_check in QuickJS",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "14ed7db2-1595-443d-9d34-6215bf890778",
        "assignerShortName": "Google",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-62491",
        "datePublished": "2025-10-16T15:51:24.238Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-10-15T08:47:41.878Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-10-16T18:04:16.529Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2025-62491

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-10-16 16:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:51

Severity

8.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	cve-coordination@google.com	https://bellard.org/quickjs/Changelog	Release Notes
	cve-coordination@google.com	https://issuetracker.google.com/434195203	Exploit, Issue Tracking

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	quickjs_project	quickjs	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://bellard.org/quickjs/",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "js_std_promise_rejection_check",
          "product": "QuickJS",
          "vendor": "QuickJS",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2025-09-13",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2025-04-26",
              "versionType": "date"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "cve-coordination@google.com"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:quickjs_project:quickjs:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "AB84E2DC-74EA-4956-9521-C2B652B8E8C2",
              "versionEndExcluding": "2025-09-13",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "A Use-After-Free (UAF) vulnerability exists in the QuickJS engine\u0027s standard library when iterating over the global list of unhandled rejected promises (ts-\u003erejected_promise_list).\n\n  *  The function js_std_promise_rejection_check attempts to iterate over the rejected_promise_list to report unhandled rejections using a standard list loop.\n\n\n  *  The reason for a promise rejection is processed inside the loop, including calling js_std_dump_error1(ctx, rp-\u003ereason).\n\n\n  *  If the promise rejection reason is an Error object that defines a custom property getter (e.g., via Object.defineProperty), this getter is executed during the error dumping process.\n\n\n  *  The malicious custom getter can execute JavaScript code that calls catch() on the same rejected promise being processed.\n\n\n  *  Calling catch() internally triggers js_std_promise_rejection_tracker, which then removes and frees the current promise entry (JSRejectedPromiseEntry) from the rejected_promise_list.\n\n\n  *  Since the list iteration continues using the now-freed memory pointer (el), the subsequent loop access results in a Use-After-Free condition."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-62491",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:51:58.483",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
          "attackVector": "ADJACENT",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "cve-coordination@google.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-62491",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-10-16T18:03:58.190903Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-10-16T16:15:39.470",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "cve-coordination@google.com",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "url": "https://bellard.org/quickjs/Changelog"
    },
    {
      "source": "cve-coordination@google.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://issuetracker.google.com/434195203"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "cve-coordination@google.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-416"
        }
      ],
      "source": "cve-coordination@google.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3R39-XFFQ-R9CC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-16 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-30 18:31

Details

A Use-After-Free (UAF) vulnerability exists in the QuickJS engine's standard library when iterating over the global list of unhandled rejected promises (ts->rejected_promise_list).

The function js_std_promise_rejection_check attempts to iterate over the rejected_promise_list to report unhandled rejections using a standard list loop.
The reason for a promise rejection is processed inside the loop, including calling js_std_dump_error1(ctx, rp->reason).
If the promise rejection reason is an Error object that defines a custom property getter (e.g., via Object.defineProperty), this getter is executed during the error dumping process.
The malicious custom getter can execute JavaScript code that calls catch() on the same rejected promise being processed.
Calling catch() internally triggers js_std_promise_rejection_tracker, which then removes and frees the current promise entry (JSRejectedPromiseEntry) from the rejected_promise_list.
Since the list iteration continues using the now-freed memory pointer (el), the subsequent loop access results in a Use-After-Free condition.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-62491"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-16T16:15:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A Use-After-Free (UAF) vulnerability exists in the QuickJS engine\u0027s standard library when iterating over the global list of unhandled rejected promises (ts-\u003erejected_promise_list).\n\n  *  The function js_std_promise_rejection_check attempts to iterate over the rejected_promise_list to report unhandled rejections using a standard list loop.\n\n\n  *  The reason for a promise rejection is processed inside the loop, including calling js_std_dump_error1(ctx, rp-\u003ereason).\n\n\n  *  If the promise rejection reason is an Error object that defines a custom property getter (e.g., via Object.defineProperty), this getter is executed during the error dumping process.\n\n\n  *  The malicious custom getter can execute JavaScript code that calls catch() on the same rejected promise being processed.\n\n\n  *  Calling catch() internally triggers js_std_promise_rejection_tracker, which then removes and frees the current promise entry (JSRejectedPromiseEntry) from the rejected_promise_list.\n\n\n  *  Since the list iteration continues using the now-freed memory pointer (el), the subsequent loop access results in a Use-After-Free condition.",
  "id": "GHSA-3r39-xffq-r9cc",
  "modified": "2025-10-30T18:31:07Z",
  "published": "2025-10-16T18:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62491"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bellard.org/quickjs/Changelog"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issuetracker.google.com/434195203"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

UBUNTU-CVE-2025-62491 (CVE-2025-62491)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2025-10-16 16:15 – Updated: 2026-10-17 09:36 – Source website

Details

Severity

8.8 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L

8.8 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-62491	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-62491	REPORT
	https://issuetracker.google.com/434195203	REPORT
	https://bellard.org/quickjs/Changelog	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "libquickjs",
            "binary_version": "2021.03.27-1ubuntu0.1~esm1"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "quickjs",
            "binary_version": "2021.03.27-1ubuntu0.1~esm1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS",
        "name": "quickjs",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/quickjs@2021.03.27-1ubuntu0.1~esm1?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-apps/noble"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2021.03.27-1",
        "2021.03.27-1ubuntu0.1~esm1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "libquickjs",
            "binary_version": "2025.04.26-1"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "quickjs",
            "binary_version": "2025.04.26-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:25.10",
        "name": "quickjs",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/quickjs@2025.04.26-1?arch=source\u0026distro=questing"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2024.01.13-5",
        "2025.04.26-1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "libquickjs",
            "binary_version": "2025.04.26-1build1"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "quickjs",
            "binary_version": "2025.04.26-1build1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:26.10",
        "name": "quickjs",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/quickjs@2025.04.26-1build1?arch=source\u0026distro=stonking"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2025.04.26-1build1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "libquickjs",
            "binary_version": "2025.04.26-1build1"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "quickjs",
            "binary_version": "2025.04.26-1build1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:26.04:LTS",
        "name": "quickjs",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/quickjs@2025.04.26-1build1?arch=source\u0026distro=resolute"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2025.04.26-1",
        "2025.04.26-1build1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "A Use-After-Free (UAF) vulnerability exists in the QuickJS engine\u0027s standard library when iterating over the global list of unhandled rejected promises (ts-\u003erejected_promise_list).   *  The function js_std_promise_rejection_check attempts to iterate over the rejected_promise_list to report unhandled rejections using a standard list loop.   *  The reason for a promise rejection is processed inside the loop, including calling js_std_dump_error1(ctx, rp-\u003ereason).   *  If the promise rejection reason is an Error object that defines a custom property getter (e.g., via Object.defineProperty), this getter is executed during the error dumping process.   *  The malicious custom getter can execute JavaScript code that calls catch() on the same rejected promise being processed.   *  Calling catch() internally triggers js_std_promise_rejection_tracker, which then removes and frees the current promise entry (JSRejectedPromiseEntry) from the rejected_promise_list.   *  Since the list iteration continues using the now-freed memory pointer (el), the subsequent loop access results in a Use-After-Free condition.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2025-62491",
  "modified": "2026-10-17T09:36:23Z",
  "published": "2025-10-16T16:15:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-62491"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-62491"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://issuetracker.google.com/434195203"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://bellard.org/quickjs/Changelog"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-62491"
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-62491 (GCVE-0-2025-62491)

FKIE_CVE-2025-62491

GHSA-3R39-XFFQ-R9CC

UBUNTU-CVE-2025-62491 (CVE-2025-62491)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Vulnerability timeline

Related by attack behaviour