CVE-2025-40223 (GCVE-0-2025-40223)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 15:31 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:45
VLAI
Title
most: usb: Fix use-after-free in hdm_disconnect
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: most: usb: Fix use-after-free in hdm_disconnect hdm_disconnect() calls most_deregister_interface(), which eventually unregisters the MOST interface device with device_unregister(iface->dev). If that drops the last reference, the device core may call release_mdev() immediately while hdm_disconnect() is still executing. The old code also freed several mdev-owned allocations in hdm_disconnect() and then performed additional put_device() calls. Depending on refcount order, this could lead to use-after-free or double-free when release_mdev() ran (or when unregister paths also performed puts). Fix by moving the frees of mdev-owned allocations into release_mdev(), so they happen exactly once when the device is truly released, and by dropping the extra put_device() calls in hdm_disconnect() that are redundant after device_unregister() and most_deregister_interface(). This addresses the KASAN slab-use-after-free reported by syzbot in hdm_disconnect(). See report and stack traces in the bug link below.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6637 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d , < 5b5c478f09b1b35e7fe6fc9a1786c9bf6030e831 (git)
Affected: 97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d , < 578eb18cd111addec94c43f61cd4b4429e454809 (git)
Affected: 97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d , < 33daf469f5294b9d07c4fc98216cace9f4f34cc6 (git)
Affected: 97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d , < 72427dc6f87523995f4e6ae35a948bb2992cabce (git)
Affected: 97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d , < f93a84ffb884d761a9d4e869ba29c238711e81f1 (git)
Affected: 97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d , < 3a3b8e89c7201c5b3b76ac4a4069d1adde1477d6 (git)
Affected: 97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d , < 4b1270902609ef0d935ed2faa2ea6d122bd148f5 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.9
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.9 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.246 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.196 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.158 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.115 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.56 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.6 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/most/most_usb.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "5b5c478f09b1b35e7fe6fc9a1786c9bf6030e831",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "578eb18cd111addec94c43f61cd4b4429e454809",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "33daf469f5294b9d07c4fc98216cace9f4f34cc6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "72427dc6f87523995f4e6ae35a948bb2992cabce",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "f93a84ffb884d761a9d4e869ba29c238711e81f1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3a3b8e89c7201c5b3b76ac4a4069d1adde1477d6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4b1270902609ef0d935ed2faa2ea6d122bd148f5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/most/most_usb.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.9"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.9",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.246",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.196",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.158",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.115",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.56",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.6",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.246",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.9",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.196",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.9",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.158",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.9",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.115",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.9",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.56",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.9",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.6",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.9",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.9",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmost: usb: Fix use-after-free in hdm_disconnect\n\nhdm_disconnect() calls most_deregister_interface(), which eventually\nunregisters the MOST interface device with device_unregister(iface-\u003edev).\nIf that drops the last reference, the device core may call release_mdev()\nimmediately while hdm_disconnect() is still executing.\n\nThe old code also freed several mdev-owned allocations in\nhdm_disconnect() and then performed additional put_device() calls.\nDepending on refcount order, this could lead to use-after-free or\ndouble-free when release_mdev() ran (or when unregister paths also\nperformed puts).\n\nFix by moving the frees of mdev-owned allocations into release_mdev(),\nso they happen exactly once when the device is truly released, and by\ndropping the extra put_device() calls in hdm_disconnect() that are\nredundant after device_unregister() and most_deregister_interface().\n\nThis addresses the KASAN slab-use-after-free reported by syzbot in\nhdm_disconnect(). See report and stack traces in the bug link below."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:45:10.518Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b5c478f09b1b35e7fe6fc9a1786c9bf6030e831"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/578eb18cd111addec94c43f61cd4b4429e454809"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33daf469f5294b9d07c4fc98216cace9f4f34cc6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/72427dc6f87523995f4e6ae35a948bb2992cabce"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f93a84ffb884d761a9d4e869ba29c238711e81f1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a3b8e89c7201c5b3b76ac4a4069d1adde1477d6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b1270902609ef0d935ed2faa2ea6d122bd148f5"
        }
      ],
      "title": "most: usb: Fix use-after-free in hdm_disconnect",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40223",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-04T15:31:15.158Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.180Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:45:10.518Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40223",
      "date": "2026-11-05",
      "epss": "0.0022",
      "percentile": "0.12599"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-12-09T01:38:54.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40223",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40223",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "most: usb: Fix use-after-free in hdm_disconnect",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40223.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/most/most_usb.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "5b5c478f09b1b35e7fe6fc9a1786c9bf6030e831",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "578eb18cd111addec94c43f61cd4b4429e454809",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "33daf469f5294b9d07c4fc98216cace9f4f34cc6",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "72427dc6f87523995f4e6ae35a948bb2992cabce",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "f93a84ffb884d761a9d4e869ba29c238711e81f1",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "3a3b8e89c7201c5b3b76ac4a4069d1adde1477d6",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4b1270902609ef0d935ed2faa2ea6d122bd148f5",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "97a6f772f36b7f52bcfa56a581bbd2470cffe23d",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/most/most_usb.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "5.9"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "5.9",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "5.10.246",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "5.15.196",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.1.158",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.6.115",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.12.56",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.17.6",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.18",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmost: usb: Fix use-after-free in hdm_disconnect\n\nhdm_disconnect() calls most_deregister_interface(), which eventually\nunregisters the MOST interface device with device_unregister(iface-\u003edev).\nIf that drops the last reference, the device core may call release_mdev()\nimmediately while hdm_disconnect() is still executing.\n\nThe old code also freed several mdev-owned allocations in\nhdm_disconnect() and then performed additional put_device() calls.\nDepending on refcount order, this could lead to use-after-free or\ndouble-free when release_mdev() ran (or when unregister paths also\nperformed puts).\n\nFix by moving the frees of mdev-owned allocations into release_mdev(),\nso they happen exactly once when the device is truly released, and by\ndropping the extra put_device() calls in hdm_disconnect() that are\nredundant after device_unregister() and most_deregister_interface().\n\nThis addresses the KASAN slab-use-after-free reported by syzbot in\nhdm_disconnect(). See report and stack traces in the bug link below."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad:\n\nmost: usb: Correcci\u00f3n de uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n en hdm_disconnect\n\nhdm_disconnect() llama a most_deregister_interface(), que eventualmente anula el registro del dispositivo de interfaz MOST con device_unregister(iface -\u003e dev). Si eso elimina la \u00faltima referencia, el n\u00facleo del dispositivo puede llamar a release_mdev() inmediatamente mientras hdm_disconnect() todav\u00eda se est\u00e1 ejecutando.\n\nEl c\u00f3digo antiguo tambi\u00e9n liberaba varias asignaciones propiedad de mdev en hdm_disconnect() y luego realizaba llamadas put_device() adicionales. Dependiendo del orden del contador de referencias, esto podr\u00eda llevar a un uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n o a una doble liberaci\u00f3n cuando se ejecutaba release_mdev() (o cuando las rutas de anulaci\u00f3n de registro tambi\u00e9n realizaban puts).\n\nSe corrige moviendo las liberaciones de asignaciones propiedad de mdev a release_mdev(), para que ocurran exactamente una vez cuando el dispositivo se libera verdaderamente, y eliminando las llamadas put_device() adicionales en hdm_disconnect() que son redundantes despu\u00e9s de device_unregister() y most_deregister_interface().\n\nEsto aborda el uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n de slab de KASAN reportado por syzbot en hdm_disconnect(). Ver informe y rastreos de pila en el enlace del error a continuaci\u00f3n."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-40223",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-19T19:10:00.130",
        "metrics": {},
        "published": "2025-12-04T16:16:14.767",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33daf469f5294b9d07c4fc98216cace9f4f34cc6"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a3b8e89c7201c5b3b76ac4a4069d1adde1477d6"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b1270902609ef0d935ed2faa2ea6d122bd148f5"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/578eb18cd111addec94c43f61cd4b4429e454809"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b5c478f09b1b35e7fe6fc9a1786c9bf6030e831"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/72427dc6f87523995f4e6ae35a948bb2992cabce"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f93a84ffb884d761a9d4e869ba29c238711e81f1"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:34:27+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40223",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40223",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-04T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: most: usb: Fix use-after-free in hdm_disconnect",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40223.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.