CVE-2025-40187 (GCVE-0-2025-40187)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 21:56 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce()
If new_asoc->peer.adaptation_ind=0 and sctp_ulpevent_make_authkey=0
and sctp_ulpevent_make_authkey() returns 0, then the variable
ai_ev remains zero and the zero will be dereferenced
in the sctp_ulpevent_free() function.
Severity
7.5 (High)
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
30f6ebf65bc46161c5aaff1db2e6e7c76aa4a06b , < 1014b83778c8677f1d7a57c26dc728baa801ac62
(git)
Affected: 30f6ebf65bc46161c5aaff1db2e6e7c76aa4a06b , < 7f702f85df0266ed7b5bab81ba50394c92f3c928 (git) Affected: 30f6ebf65bc46161c5aaff1db2e6e7c76aa4a06b , < dbceedc0213e75bf3e9f9f9e2f66b10699d004fe (git) Affected: 30f6ebf65bc46161c5aaff1db2e6e7c76aa4a06b , < 025419f4e216a3ae0d0cec622262e98e8078c447 (git) Affected: 30f6ebf65bc46161c5aaff1db2e6e7c76aa4a06b , < c21f45cfa4a9526b34d76b397c9ef080668b6e73 (git) Affected: 30f6ebf65bc46161c5aaff1db2e6e7c76aa4a06b , < d0e8f1445c19b1786759ba72a38267e1449bab7e (git) Affected: 30f6ebf65bc46161c5aaff1db2e6e7c76aa4a06b , < badbd79313e6591616c1b78e29a9b71efed7f035 (git) Affected: 30f6ebf65bc46161c5aaff1db2e6e7c76aa4a06b , < 2f3119686ef50319490ccaec81a575973da98815 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.17
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.17 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.301 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.246 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.195 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.157 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.113 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.54 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.4 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
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"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/sctp/sm_statefuns.c"
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{
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"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.301",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.246",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.195",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.157",
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},
{
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"version": "6.6.113",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.54",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
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"nodes": [
{
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"versionStartIncluding": "4.17",
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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}
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce()\n\nIf new_asoc-\u003epeer.adaptation_ind=0 and sctp_ulpevent_make_authkey=0\nand sctp_ulpevent_make_authkey() returns 0, then the variable\nai_ev remains zero and the zero will be dereferenced\nin the sctp_ulpevent_free() function."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:N - The bug is in the SCTP state machine\u0027s COOKIE ECHO handler, driven entirely by chunks received from a remote peer over IP, and is reached from `sctp_rcv()` in NET_RX softirq context. Any host with a listening SCTP socket (telecom SIGTRAN/M3UA/Diameter signalling nodes are routinely inter-carrier and internet facing) is remotely reachable.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically controls both selectable preconditions by simply omitting the Adaptation Layer Indication parameter (leaving `ai_ev` NULL) and omitting the SCTP-AUTH parameters (forcing the `sctp_ulpevent_make_authkey()` call), which are the default characteristics of a plain handshake. The only remaining factor is the GFP_ATOMIC allocation failing, which the attacker can influence by flooding the target with concurrent association attempts and traffic to exhaust atomic reserves \u2014 particularly effective on the memory-constrained embedded/telecom devices where SCTP is deployed.\nPR:N - SCTP association establishment is entirely unauthenticated; the attacker only needs to complete the standard INIT / INIT-ACK / COOKIE ECHO exchange against a listening socket, with the state cookie having been minted by the victim itself. No credentials, capabilities, or local account are involved anywhere along the path.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires nothing from any local user or administrator beyond the pre-existing condition that an SCTP service is listening. The attacker drives the entire handshake unilaterally.\nS:U - The NULL dereference faults inside the kernel handling the same network stack that received the packet; there is no crossing into another security authority such as a hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:N - The dereference is a read of `event-\u003emsg_flags` at a fixed low offset from NULL, which faults immediately; no data is returned to the attacker and no kernel memory contents are disclosed.\nI:N - The bug is a read fault on a NULL pointer with no write, no out-of-bounds access, and no object lifetime confusion, so no kernel data is modified and no control-flow hijack primitive is produced.\nA:H - The dereference occurs in NET_RX softirq context, producing a fatal exception in interrupt \u2014 a kernel panic and complete loss of availability, or at minimum an oops that kills the softirq path (and an immediate panic on the `panic_on_oops` configurations common in embedded and telecom deployments). The attacker can repeat the attempt indefinitely across reboots."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:25.629Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1014b83778c8677f1d7a57c26dc728baa801ac62"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7f702f85df0266ed7b5bab81ba50394c92f3c928"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbceedc0213e75bf3e9f9f9e2f66b10699d004fe"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/025419f4e216a3ae0d0cec622262e98e8078c447"
},
{
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},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d0e8f1445c19b1786759ba72a38267e1449bab7e"
},
{
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},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f3119686ef50319490ccaec81a575973da98815"
}
],
"title": "net/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce()",
"x_generator": {
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"cveMetadata": {
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"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-40187",
"datePublished": "2025-11-12T21:56:29.504Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.177Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:25.629Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
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"cve": "CVE-2025-40187",
"date": "2026-10-01",
"epss": "0.00595",
"percentile": "0.46503"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-12-07T01:51:43.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40187",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40187",
"initial_release_date": "2025-11-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:fixed": "1",
"product_status:known_affected": "1",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "net/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce()",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40187.json",
"version": "2"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
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{
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{
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"product": "Linux",
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],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
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{
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{
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{
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"status": "affected",
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}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
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],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.17"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.301",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.246",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.195",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.157",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.54",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce()\n\nIf new_asoc-\u003epeer.adaptation_ind=0 and sctp_ulpevent_make_authkey=0\nand sctp_ulpevent_make_authkey() returns 0, then the variable\nai_ev remains zero and the zero will be dereferenced\nin the sctp_ulpevent_free() function."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-40187",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:16.763",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-11-12T22:15:45.577",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/025419f4e216a3ae0d0cec622262e98e8078c447"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1014b83778c8677f1d7a57c26dc728baa801ac62"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f3119686ef50319490ccaec81a575973da98815"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7f702f85df0266ed7b5bab81ba50394c92f3c928"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/badbd79313e6591616c1b78e29a9b71efed7f035"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c21f45cfa4a9526b34d76b397c9ef080668b6e73"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d0e8f1445c19b1786759ba72a38267e1449bab7e"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbceedc0213e75bf3e9f9f9e2f66b10699d004fe"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-13T17:59:55+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40187",
"id": "CVE-2025-40187",
"initial_release_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "274",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: net/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce()",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40187.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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