CVE-2025-40171 (GCVE-0-2025-40171)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 10:46 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nvmet-fc: move lsop put work to nvmet_fc_ls_req_op
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nvmet-fc: move lsop put work to nvmet_fc_ls_req_op
It’s possible for more than one async command to be in flight from
__nvmet_fc_send_ls_req. For each command, a tgtport reference is taken.
In the current code, only one put work item is queued at a time, which
results in a leaked reference.
To fix this, move the work item to the nvmet_fc_ls_req_op struct, which
already tracks all resources related to the command.
Severity
7.5 (High)
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5e0bc09a52b6169ce90f7ac6e195791adb16cec4 , < 11269c08013f4ee8b8f5edc6c56700acb34092d0
(git)
Affected: 9e6987f8937a7bd7516aa52f25cb7e12c0c92ee8 , < a28112cc55013cd8cbd5d36b5115a5b851151bd9 (git) Affected: eaf0971fdabf2a93c1429dc6bedf3bbe85dffa30 , < 060ecc81240ef9d60d9485a3a5eb55a0d6e7a25c (git) Affected: 710c69dbaccdac312e32931abcb8499c1525d397 , < 7331925c247b03b7767b8cd93cfe1b7aa2377850 (git) Affected: 710c69dbaccdac312e32931abcb8499c1525d397 , < 7a619f8c869117ffed08365b377f66b7e1d941b4 (git) Affected: 710c69dbaccdac312e32931abcb8499c1525d397 , < db5a5406fb7e5337a074385c7a3e53c77f2c1bd3 (git) Affected: 1d86f79287206deec36d63b89c741cf542b6cadd (git) Affected: 5.15.150 , < 5.15.195 (semver) Affected: 6.1.80 , < 6.1.156 (semver) Affected: 6.6.19 , < 6.6.112 (semver) Affected: 6.7.7 , < 6.8 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.8
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.8 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.195 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.156 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.112 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.53 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.3 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
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"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/nvme/target/fc.c"
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{
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"version": "6.1.156",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"version": "6.6.112",
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},
{
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"version": "6.12.53",
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},
{
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"version": "6.17.3",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.195",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.15.150",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
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},
{
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"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.112",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.6.19",
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},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.53",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.8",
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},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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{
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},
{
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"versionStartIncluding": "6.7.7",
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}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnvmet-fc: move lsop put work to nvmet_fc_ls_req_op\n\nIt\u2019s possible for more than one async command to be in flight from\n__nvmet_fc_send_ls_req. For each command, a tgtport reference is taken.\n\nIn the current code, only one put work item is queued at a time, which\nresults in a leaked reference.\n\nTo fix this, move the work item to the nvmet_fc_ls_req_op struct, which\nalready tracks all resources related to the command."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:N - The trigger is a remote FC-NVMe initiator sending Create Association / Disconnect Association Link Services to the nvmet-fc target port, processed via `nvmet_fc_rcv_ls_req()` from the LLDD (lpfc). Consistent with other NVMe-oF target CVEs in this tree (including qla2xxx FC), the attacker is a remote peer on the storage fabric, which can itself be extended over routed transports.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the timing \u2014 issuing several associations and then disconnecting them concurrently reliably puts multiple LS requests in flight, and `queue_work()` deterministically drops every put after the first while one is pending. No memory-layout or victim-state condition is involved.\nPR:N - `nvmet_fc_ls_create_association()` and `nvmet_fc_ls_disconnect()` validate only LS descriptor lengths and tags; there is no host-NQN allow-list check, NVMe Connect, or authentication on this path. Any initiator that can reach the target port exercises it pre-authentication.\nUI:N - The leak is produced entirely by attacker-sent Link Service frames handled asynchronously by the target. No administrator or local user action is required.\nS:U - The leaked reference, stranded allocation, and failed teardown are all confined to the kernel of the target host. No security authority boundary such as a VM or IOMMU domain is crossed.\nC:N - The defect is purely a missed `kref_put()`; nothing is freed early, read out of bounds, or returned to the attacker. Tracing the coalescing shows it can only drop puts, never duplicate them, so no use-after-free read primitive exists.\nI:N - No memory is corrupted or written out of bounds \u2014 the refcount only ever ends too high, so no write or control-flow-hijack primitive arises. lpfc additionally guards its on-stack completion in `lpfc_nvmet_targetport_delete()`, closing the only late-completion write hazard.\nA:H - The tgtport is never freed, so `nvmet_fc_free_ls_iodlist()` and `targetport_delete` never run: `lpfc_nvmet_destroy_targetport()` stalls for `LPFC_NVMET_WAIT_TMO` (5 s) and then aborts with an error, permanently stranding the target port, its HBA DMA mappings, and a `get_device()` reference that no longer can be released without a reboot."
}
]
}
],
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"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
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},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a28112cc55013cd8cbd5d36b5115a5b851151bd9"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/060ecc81240ef9d60d9485a3a5eb55a0d6e7a25c"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7331925c247b03b7767b8cd93cfe1b7aa2377850"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7a619f8c869117ffed08365b377f66b7e1d941b4"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db5a5406fb7e5337a074385c7a3e53c77f2c1bd3"
}
],
"title": "nvmet-fc: move lsop put work to nvmet_fc_ls_req_op",
"x_generator": {
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"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-40171",
"datePublished": "2025-11-12T10:46:52.289Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.176Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:16.789Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
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"cve": "CVE-2025-40171",
"date": "2026-09-18",
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"percentile": "0.37752"
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnvmet-fc: move lsop put work to nvmet_fc_ls_req_op\n\nIt\u2019s possible for more than one async command to be in flight from\n__nvmet_fc_send_ls_req. For each command, a tgtport reference is taken.\n\nIn the current code, only one put work item is queued at a time, which\nresults in a leaked reference.\n\nTo fix this, move the work item to the nvmet_fc_ls_req_op struct, which\nalready tracks all resources related to the command."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-40171",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:15.820",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-11-12T11:15:47.513",
"references": [
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"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/060ecc81240ef9d60d9485a3a5eb55a0d6e7a25c"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/11269c08013f4ee8b8f5edc6c56700acb34092d0"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7331925c247b03b7767b8cd93cfe1b7aa2377850"
},
{
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7a619f8c869117ffed08365b377f66b7e1d941b4"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a28112cc55013cd8cbd5d36b5115a5b851151bd9"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db5a5406fb7e5337a074385c7a3e53c77f2c1bd3"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:47:41+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40171",
"id": "CVE-2025-40171",
"initial_release_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "232",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: Kernel: Denial of Service in nvmet-fc due to resource leak",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40171.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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