CVE-2025-40111 (GCVE-0-2025-40111)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 01:07 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
drm/vmwgfx: Fix Use-after-free in validation
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/vmwgfx: Fix Use-after-free in validation
Nodes stored in the validation duplicates hashtable come from an arena
allocator that is cleared at the end of vmw_execbuf_process. All nodes
are expected to be cleared in vmw_validation_drop_ht but this node escaped
because its resource was destroyed prematurely.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044 , < 1822e5287b7dfa59d0af966756ebf1dc652b60ee
(git)
Affected: 64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044 , < fb7165e5f3b3b10721ff70553583ad12e90e447a (git) Affected: 64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044 , < 4c918f9d1ccccc0e092f43dcb2d8266f54d7340b (git) Affected: 64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044 , < 9a8eaca539708ca532747f606d231f70e684e8ca (git) Affected: 64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044 , < 867bda5d95d36f10da398fd4409e21c7002b2332 (git) Affected: 64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044 , < 655a2f29bfc21105c80bf8a7d7aafa6eca8b4496 (git) Affected: 64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044 , < 65608e991c2d771c13404e5c7ae122ac3c3357a4 (git) Affected: 64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044 , < dfe1323ab3c8a4dd5625ebfdba44dc47df84512a (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.20
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.20 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.301 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.246 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.195 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.157 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.113 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.54 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.4 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_validation.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"versionType": "git"
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"versionType": "git"
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "git"
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{
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"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
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],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.20"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.20",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.301",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.246",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.195",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.157",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.113",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.54",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.4.301",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.20",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.246",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.20",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.195",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.20",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.157",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.20",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.113",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.20",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.54",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.20",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.17.4",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.20",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.20",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/vmwgfx: Fix Use-after-free in validation\n\nNodes stored in the validation duplicates hashtable come from an arena\nallocator that is cleared at the end of vmw_execbuf_process. All nodes\nare expected to be cleared in vmw_validation_drop_ht but this node escaped\nbecause its resource was destroyed prematurely."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached only through `DRM_IOCTL_VMW_EXECBUF` on the vmwgfx DRM device node, which requires local execution to issue ioctls. There is no network or adjacent-network path into the command-submission validation code.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 one thread loops `vmw_execbuf_ioctl()` over a DX context with bound resources while another destroys a bound view/shader/surface \u2014 and the window is widened because `vmw_resource_release()` drops the kref and then blocks on `binding_mutex` that the execbuf walker already holds. The attempt is infinitely repeatable, and a single success permanently poisons the device-global `res_ht`.\nPR:L - `DRM_IOCTL_VMW_EXECBUF` is marked `DRM_RENDER_ALLOW`, so any unprivileged local user holding an fd on `/dev/dri/renderD*` (the default for logged-in desktop users, GPU-enabled containers, and sandboxed GPU processes in VMware guests) can reach it. No capability, DRM master status, or authentication is needed.\nUI:N - The attacking process drives both the execbuf submission and the concurrent resource destruction entirely on its own via ioctls. No action by another user or administrator is required.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the guest kernel\u0027s own memory within the same security authority; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or VM boundary is crossed even though vmwgfx is a paravirtual GPU driver.\nC:H - The stale hlist entry points into a page freed to the buddy allocator, so subsequent `hash_for_each_possible_rcu()` walks read attacker-groomed memory; a matching sprayed `hash-\u003ekey` yields a fully fabricated `vmw_validation_res_node` whose `private` data is consumed as `struct vmw_ctx_validation_info` pointers, enabling arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `hash_add_rcu()` writes a kernel pointer into the freed page through the dangling node\u0027s `pprev`, and a sprayed fake node supplies attacker-controlled `res`, `ctx`, and binding-state pointers that the binding/validation code dereferences and writes through \u2014 a use-after-free with both write and control-flow-hijack primitives.\nA:H - The dangling hash entry survives in the device-global `res_ht` and is traversed by every later execbuf from any process on that device, so a single trigger reliably produces list corruption and oopses/panics affecting the whole system."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:51.842Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1822e5287b7dfa59d0af966756ebf1dc652b60ee"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb7165e5f3b3b10721ff70553583ad12e90e447a"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c918f9d1ccccc0e092f43dcb2d8266f54d7340b"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9a8eaca539708ca532747f606d231f70e684e8ca"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/867bda5d95d36f10da398fd4409e21c7002b2332"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/655a2f29bfc21105c80bf8a7d7aafa6eca8b4496"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65608e991c2d771c13404e5c7ae122ac3c3357a4"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dfe1323ab3c8a4dd5625ebfdba44dc47df84512a"
}
],
"title": "drm/vmwgfx: Fix Use-after-free in validation",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-40111",
"datePublished": "2025-11-12T01:07:25.203Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.167Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:51.842Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-40111",
"date": "2026-09-21",
"epss": "0.00139",
"percentile": "0.03632"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-12-07T01:49:08.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40111",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40111",
"initial_release_date": "2025-11-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:fixed": "1",
"product_status:known_affected": "1",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "drm/vmwgfx: Fix Use-after-free in validation",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40111.json",
"version": "2"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_validation.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1822e5287b7dfa59d0af966756ebf1dc652b60ee",
"status": "affected",
"version": "64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "fb7165e5f3b3b10721ff70553583ad12e90e447a",
"status": "affected",
"version": "64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "4c918f9d1ccccc0e092f43dcb2d8266f54d7340b",
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "867bda5d95d36f10da398fd4409e21c7002b2332",
"status": "affected",
"version": "64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "65608e991c2d771c13404e5c7ae122ac3c3357a4",
"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "dfe1323ab3c8a4dd5625ebfdba44dc47df84512a",
"status": "affected",
"version": "64ad2abfe9a628ce79859d072704bd1ef7682044",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_validation.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.20"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.20",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.301",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.246",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.195",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.157",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.113",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.54",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/vmwgfx: Fix Use-after-free in validation\n\nNodes stored in the validation duplicates hashtable come from an arena\nallocator that is cleared at the end of vmw_execbuf_process. All nodes\nare expected to be cleared in vmw_validation_drop_ht but this node escaped\nbecause its resource was destroyed prematurely."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-40111",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:12.117",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-11-12T02:15:33.050",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1822e5287b7dfa59d0af966756ebf1dc652b60ee"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c918f9d1ccccc0e092f43dcb2d8266f54d7340b"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/655a2f29bfc21105c80bf8a7d7aafa6eca8b4496"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65608e991c2d771c13404e5c7ae122ac3c3357a4"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/867bda5d95d36f10da398fd4409e21c7002b2332"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9a8eaca539708ca532747f606d231f70e684e8ca"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dfe1323ab3c8a4dd5625ebfdba44dc47df84512a"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb7165e5f3b3b10721ff70553583ad12e90e447a"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:44:22+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40111",
"id": "CVE-2025-40111",
"initial_release_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "184",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: drm/vmwgfx: Fix Use-after-free in validation",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40111.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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