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CVE-2025-40095 (GCVE-0-2025-40095)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-30 09:48 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:07
VLAI
Title
usb: gadget: f_rndis: Refactor bind path to use __free()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: gadget: f_rndis: Refactor bind path to use __free() After an bind/unbind cycle, the rndis->notify_req is left stale. If a subsequent bind fails, the unified error label attempts to free this stale request, leading to a NULL pointer dereference when accessing ep->ops->free_request. Refactor the error handling in the bind path to use the __free() automatic cleanup mechanism.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 45fe3b8e5342cd1ce307099459c74011d8e01986 , < ef81226bb1f8b6e761cd0b53d2696e9c1bc955d1 (git)
Affected: 45fe3b8e5342cd1ce307099459c74011d8e01986 , < 5f65c8ad8c7292ed7e3716343fcd590a51818cc3 (git)
Affected: 45fe3b8e5342cd1ce307099459c74011d8e01986 , < 380353c3a92be7d928e6f973bd065c5b79755ac3 (git)
Affected: 45fe3b8e5342cd1ce307099459c74011d8e01986 , < a8366263b7e5b663d7fb489d3a9ba1e2600049a6 (git)
Affected: 45fe3b8e5342cd1ce307099459c74011d8e01986 , < 08228941436047bdcd35a612c1aec0912a29d8cd (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.27
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.27 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.158 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.114 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.55 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.5 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_rndis.c"
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          "product": "Linux",
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          ],
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          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.27"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.27",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.158",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.114",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.55",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.158",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27",
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              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: gadget: f_rndis: Refactor bind path to use __free()\n\nAfter an bind/unbind cycle, the rndis-\u003enotify_req is left stale. If a\nsubsequent bind fails, the unified error label attempts to free this\nstale request, leading to a NULL pointer dereference when accessing\nep-\u003eops-\u003efree_request.\n\nRefactor the error handling in the bind path to use the __free()\nautomatic cleanup mechanism."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is the gadget bind/unbind sequence driven entirely by local writes to `/sys/kernel/config/usb_gadget/\u003cg\u003e/UDC` (or legacy gadget module load); no USB traffic from an attached host is involved, so this is a local syscall/filesystem-reachable bug rather than a physical-access one.\nAC:L - The attacker controls every step \u2014 the successful bind, the unbind that leaves `rndis-\u003enotify_req` dangling, and the forced failure of the next bind (e.g. exhausting `usb_interface_id()`/`usb_ep_autoconfig()` by reshaping a functionfs function between cycles), plus the heap spray that reclaims the freed `usb_request`.\nPR:L - Only local write access to the USB gadget configfs tree is needed, which on Android and embedded/industrial deployments is routinely delegated to non-root system/daemon accounts that drive USB function switching; no capability check exists in the bind path itself.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all configfs writes itself; no victim action, cable plug event, or interaction with any other user is required.\nS:U - The dangling-pointer free corrupts kernel heap state within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Use of the freed `usb_request` reads `-\u003ebuf` out of reclaimed slab memory the attacker can groom, and the resulting arbitrary-free/double-free primitives enable object overlap and kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `kfree()` of an attacker-controlled pointer read from the freed request, plus a double free through `ep-\u003eops-\u003efree_request`, yields classic heap-corruption primitives that can be leveraged into arbitrary write and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The immediate observed effect is a kernel oops \u2014 NULL/garbage `ep-\u003eops` dereference in `usb_ep_free_request()` or slab corruption from the double free \u2014 panicking the system."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:46.524Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ef81226bb1f8b6e761cd0b53d2696e9c1bc955d1"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f65c8ad8c7292ed7e3716343fcd590a51818cc3"
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        },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8366263b7e5b663d7fb489d3a9ba1e2600049a6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/08228941436047bdcd35a612c1aec0912a29d8cd"
        }
      ],
      "title": "usb: gadget: f_rndis: Refactor bind path to use __free()",
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        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40095",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-30T09:48:03.276Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.163Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:46.524Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
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  "dataVersion": "5.2",
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      "date": "2026-09-16",
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      "percentile": "0.04025"
    },
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      "cve": "CVE-2025-40095",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40095",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "usb: gadget: f_rndis: Refactor bind path to use __free()",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40095.json",
      "version": "1"
    },
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    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:27:54+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40095",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40095",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-30T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: usb: gadget: f_rndis: Refactor bind path to use __free()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40095.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.