CVE-2025-40012 (GCVE-0-2025-40012)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-20 15:26 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:07
VLAI
Title
net/smc: fix warning in smc_rx_splice() when calling get_page()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/smc: fix warning in smc_rx_splice() when calling get_page() smc_lo_register_dmb() allocates DMB buffers with kzalloc(), which are later passed to get_page() in smc_rx_splice(). Since kmalloc memory is not page-backed, this triggers WARN_ON_ONCE() in get_page() and prevents holding a refcount on the buffer. This can lead to use-after-free if the memory is released before splice_to_pipe() completes. Use folio_alloc() instead, ensuring DMBs are page-backed and safe for get_page(). WARNING: CPU: 18 PID: 12152 at ./include/linux/mm.h:1330 smc_rx_splice+0xaf8/0xe20 [smc] CPU: 18 UID: 0 PID: 12152 Comm: smcapp Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.17.0-rc3-11705-g9cf4672ecfee #10 NONE Hardware name: IBM 3931 A01 704 (z/VM 7.4.0) Krnl PSW : 0704e00180000000 000793161032696c (smc_rx_splice+0xafc/0xe20 [smc]) R:0 T:1 IO:1 EX:1 Key:0 M:1 W:0 P:0 AS:3 CC:2 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3 Krnl GPRS: 0000000000000000 001cee80007d3001 00077400000000f8 0000000000000005 0000000000000001 001cee80007d3006 0007740000001000 001c000000000000 000000009b0c99e0 0000000000001000 001c0000000000f8 001c000000000000 000003ffcc6f7c88 0007740003e98000 0007931600000005 000792969b2ff7b8 Krnl Code: 0007931610326960: af000000 mc 0,0 0007931610326964: a7f4ff43 brc 15,00079316103267ea #0007931610326968: af000000 mc 0,0 >000793161032696c: a7f4ff3f brc 15,00079316103267ea 0007931610326970: e320f1000004 lg %r2,256(%r15) 0007931610326976: c0e53fd1b5f5 brasl %r14,000793168fd5d560 000793161032697c: a7f4fbb5 brc 15,00079316103260e6 0007931610326980: b904002b lgr %r2,%r11 Call Trace: smc_rx_splice+0xafc/0xe20 [smc] smc_rx_splice+0x756/0xe20 [smc]) smc_rx_recvmsg+0xa74/0xe00 [smc] smc_splice_read+0x1ce/0x3b0 [smc] sock_splice_read+0xa2/0xf0 do_splice_read+0x198/0x240 splice_file_to_pipe+0x7e/0x110 do_splice+0x59e/0xde0 __do_splice+0x11a/0x2d0 __s390x_sys_splice+0x140/0x1f0 __do_syscall+0x122/0x280 system_call+0x6e/0x90 Last Breaking-Event-Address: smc_rx_splice+0x960/0xe20 [smc] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6639 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: f7a22071dbf316c982fb44308874bd7ad9ac2091 , < 14fc4fdae42e34d7ee871b292ac2ecc61c2c5de7 (git)
Affected: f7a22071dbf316c982fb44308874bd7ad9ac2091 , < d5411685dc2f6ac7bdf01a0a204d56cae38c6cf6 (git)
Affected: f7a22071dbf316c982fb44308874bd7ad9ac2091 , < a35c04de2565db191726b5741e6b66a35002c652 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 6.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.10 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.50 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.10 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/smc/smc_loopback.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "14fc4fdae42e34d7ee871b292ac2ecc61c2c5de7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f7a22071dbf316c982fb44308874bd7ad9ac2091",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "d5411685dc2f6ac7bdf01a0a204d56cae38c6cf6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f7a22071dbf316c982fb44308874bd7ad9ac2091",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "a35c04de2565db191726b5741e6b66a35002c652",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f7a22071dbf316c982fb44308874bd7ad9ac2091",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/smc/smc_loopback.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.10"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.10",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.50",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16.10",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.50",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.10",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/smc: fix warning in smc_rx_splice() when calling get_page()\n\nsmc_lo_register_dmb() allocates DMB buffers with kzalloc(), which are\nlater passed to get_page() in smc_rx_splice(). Since kmalloc memory is\nnot page-backed, this triggers WARN_ON_ONCE() in get_page() and prevents\nholding a refcount on the buffer. This can lead to use-after-free if\nthe memory is released before splice_to_pipe() completes.\n\nUse folio_alloc() instead, ensuring DMBs are page-backed and safe for\nget_page().\n\nWARNING: CPU: 18 PID: 12152 at ./include/linux/mm.h:1330 smc_rx_splice+0xaf8/0xe20 [smc]\nCPU: 18 UID: 0 PID: 12152 Comm: smcapp Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.17.0-rc3-11705-g9cf4672ecfee #10 NONE\nHardware name: IBM 3931 A01 704 (z/VM 7.4.0)\nKrnl PSW : 0704e00180000000 000793161032696c (smc_rx_splice+0xafc/0xe20 [smc])\n           R:0 T:1 IO:1 EX:1 Key:0 M:1 W:0 P:0 AS:3 CC:2 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3\nKrnl GPRS: 0000000000000000 001cee80007d3001 00077400000000f8 0000000000000005\n           0000000000000001 001cee80007d3006 0007740000001000 001c000000000000\n           000000009b0c99e0 0000000000001000 001c0000000000f8 001c000000000000\n           000003ffcc6f7c88 0007740003e98000 0007931600000005 000792969b2ff7b8\nKrnl Code: 0007931610326960: af000000\t\tmc\t0,0\n           0007931610326964: a7f4ff43\t\tbrc\t15,00079316103267ea\n          #0007931610326968: af000000\t\tmc\t0,0\n          \u003e000793161032696c: a7f4ff3f\t\tbrc\t15,00079316103267ea\n           0007931610326970: e320f1000004\tlg\t%r2,256(%r15)\n           0007931610326976: c0e53fd1b5f5\tbrasl\t%r14,000793168fd5d560\n           000793161032697c: a7f4fbb5\t\tbrc\t15,00079316103260e6\n           0007931610326980: b904002b\t\tlgr\t%r2,%r11\nCall Trace:\n smc_rx_splice+0xafc/0xe20 [smc]\n smc_rx_splice+0x756/0xe20 [smc])\n smc_rx_recvmsg+0xa74/0xe00 [smc]\n smc_splice_read+0x1ce/0x3b0 [smc]\n sock_splice_read+0xa2/0xf0\n do_splice_read+0x198/0x240\n splice_file_to_pipe+0x7e/0x110\n do_splice+0x59e/0xde0\n __do_splice+0x11a/0x2d0\n __s390x_sys_splice+0x140/0x1f0\n __do_syscall+0x122/0x280\n system_call+0x6e/0x90\nLast Breaking-Event-Address:\nsmc_rx_splice+0x960/0xe20 [smc]\n---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached via the splice() syscall on a local AF_SMC socket, and loopback-ism explicitly rejects any peer whose GID differs from the local GID (smc_lo_query_rgid), so both endpoints must be on the same host. No remote or adjacent packet can reach smc_lo_register_dmb().\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically controls the entire sequence \u2014 establish a loopback AF_SMC connection, send data, splice it into a pipe, close the sockets to free the DMB, then read the pipe; no race window or attacker-uninfluenceable state is required. Heap reuse of the freed 16 KB\u20131 MB region is groomable from userspace.\nPR:L - There is no capability check anywhere on the path: socket(AF_SMC) (which even autoloads the module without CAP_NET_ADMIN), connect/listen on 127.0.0.1, and splice() are all available to any unprivileged local user. No root or namespace privilege is needed.\nUI:N - A single unprivileged process can act as both SMC client and server on loopback and drive the whole sequence itself. No victim action or interaction is involved.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory managed by the same kernel security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - Because get_page() takes no reference, the DMB can be kvfree()\u0027d while the pipe still points at it; subsequently reading or re-splicing the pipe copies whatever now occupies those reallocated pages (up to the full DMB size) straight to userspace, yielding a large arbitrary kernel-heap disclosure.\nI:H - This is a use-after-free on page-granular memory, and smc_rx_pipe_buf_release() additionally issues put_page() on a page it never referenced \u2014 once the page is recycled the folio is no longer large_kmalloc, so the refcount of an unrelated owner\u0027s page is decremented, causing a premature free and page reuse that is a well-known route to arbitrary write and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The WARN_ON_ONCE in get_page() fires (an immediate panic on the many deployments running panic_on_warn=1), and the resulting use-after-free plus page refcount underflow readily produce oopses, memory corruption, and kernel panics."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:04.409Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/14fc4fdae42e34d7ee871b292ac2ecc61c2c5de7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5411685dc2f6ac7bdf01a0a204d56cae38c6cf6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a35c04de2565db191726b5741e6b66a35002c652"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net/smc: fix warning in smc_rx_splice() when calling get_page()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40012",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-20T15:26:57.214Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.151Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:04.409Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40012",
      "date": "2026-11-09",
      "epss": "0.00198",
      "percentile": "0.09527"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "net/smc/smc_loopback.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
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                    "version": "f7a22071dbf316c982fb44308874bd7ad9ac2091",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
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                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "f7a22071dbf316c982fb44308874bd7ad9ac2091",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "a35c04de2565db191726b5741e6b66a35002c652",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "f7a22071dbf316c982fb44308874bd7ad9ac2091",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "net/smc/smc_loopback.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "6.10"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6.10",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.12.50",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.16.10",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.17",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/smc: fix warning in smc_rx_splice() when calling get_page()\n\nsmc_lo_register_dmb() allocates DMB buffers with kzalloc(), which are\nlater passed to get_page() in smc_rx_splice(). Since kmalloc memory is\nnot page-backed, this triggers WARN_ON_ONCE() in get_page() and prevents\nholding a refcount on the buffer. This can lead to use-after-free if\nthe memory is released before splice_to_pipe() completes.\n\nUse folio_alloc() instead, ensuring DMBs are page-backed and safe for\nget_page().\n\nWARNING: CPU: 18 PID: 12152 at ./include/linux/mm.h:1330 smc_rx_splice+0xaf8/0xe20 [smc]\nCPU: 18 UID: 0 PID: 12152 Comm: smcapp Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.17.0-rc3-11705-g9cf4672ecfee #10 NONE\nHardware name: IBM 3931 A01 704 (z/VM 7.4.0)\nKrnl PSW : 0704e00180000000 000793161032696c (smc_rx_splice+0xafc/0xe20 [smc])\n           R:0 T:1 IO:1 EX:1 Key:0 M:1 W:0 P:0 AS:3 CC:2 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3\nKrnl GPRS: 0000000000000000 001cee80007d3001 00077400000000f8 0000000000000005\n           0000000000000001 001cee80007d3006 0007740000001000 001c000000000000\n           000000009b0c99e0 0000000000001000 001c0000000000f8 001c000000000000\n           000003ffcc6f7c88 0007740003e98000 0007931600000005 000792969b2ff7b8\nKrnl Code: 0007931610326960: af000000\t\tmc\t0,0\n           0007931610326964: a7f4ff43\t\tbrc\t15,00079316103267ea\n          #0007931610326968: af000000\t\tmc\t0,0\n          \u003e000793161032696c: a7f4ff3f\t\tbrc\t15,00079316103267ea\n           0007931610326970: e320f1000004\tlg\t%r2,256(%r15)\n           0007931610326976: c0e53fd1b5f5\tbrasl\t%r14,000793168fd5d560\n           000793161032697c: a7f4fbb5\t\tbrc\t15,00079316103260e6\n           0007931610326980: b904002b\t\tlgr\t%r2,%r11\nCall Trace:\n smc_rx_splice+0xafc/0xe20 [smc]\n smc_rx_splice+0x756/0xe20 [smc])\n smc_rx_recvmsg+0xa74/0xe00 [smc]\n smc_splice_read+0x1ce/0x3b0 [smc]\n sock_splice_read+0xa2/0xf0\n do_splice_read+0x198/0x240\n splice_file_to_pipe+0x7e/0x110\n do_splice+0x59e/0xde0\n __do_splice+0x11a/0x2d0\n __s390x_sys_splice+0x140/0x1f0\n __do_syscall+0x122/0x280\n system_call+0x6e/0x90\nLast Breaking-Event-Address:\nsmc_rx_splice+0x960/0xe20 [smc]\n---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---"
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnet/smc: corregir advertencia en smc_rx_splice() al llamar a get_page()\n\nsmc_lo_register_dmb() asigna b\u00faferes DMB con kzalloc(), que luego se pasan a get_page() en smc_rx_splice(). Dado que la memoria kmalloc no est\u00e1 respaldada por p\u00e1ginas, esto activa WARN_ON_ONCE() en get_page() y evita mantener un recuento de referencias en el b\u00fafer. Esto puede llevar a un uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n si la memoria se libera antes de que splice_to_pipe() se complete.\n\nUsar folio_alloc() en su lugar, asegurando que los DMB est\u00e9n respaldados por p\u00e1ginas y sean seguros para get_page().\n\nADVERTENCIA: CPU: 18 PID: 12152 en ./include/linux/mm.h:1330 smc_rx_splice+0xaf8/0xe20 [smc]\nCPU: 18 UID: 0 PID: 12152 Comando: smcapp Kdump: cargado No contaminado 6.17.0-rc3-11705-g9cf4672ecfee #10 NINGUNO\nNombre del hardware: IBM 3931 A01 704 (z/VM 7.4.0)\nPSW del kernel: 0704e00180000000 000793161032696c (smc_rx_splice+0xafc/0xe20 [smc])\n           R:0 T:1 IO:1 EX:1 Key:0 M:1 W:0 P:0 AS:3 CC:2 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3\nGPRS del kernel: 0000000000000000 001cee80007d3001 00077400000000f8 0000000000000005\n           0000000000000001 001cee80007d3006 0007740000001000 001c000000000000\n           000000009b0c99e0 0000000000001000 001c0000000000f8 001c000000000000\n           000003ffcc6f7c88 0007740003e98000 0007931600000005 000792969b2ff7b8\nC\u00f3digo del kernel: 0007931610326960: af000000\t\tmc\t0,0\n           0007931610326964: a7f4ff43\t\tbrc\t15,00079316103267ea\n          #0007931610326968: af000000\t\tmc\t0,0\n          \u003e000793161032696c: a7f4ff3f\t\tbrc\t15,00079316103267ea\n           0007931610326970: e320f1000004\tlg\t%r2,256(%r15)\n           0007931610326976: c0e53fd1b5f5\tbrasl\t%r14,000793168fd5d560\n           000793161032697c: a7f4fbb5\t\tbrc\t15,00079316103260e6\n           0007931610326980: b904002b\t\tlgr\t%r2,%r11\nTraza de llamadas:\n smc_rx_splice+0xafc/0xe20 [smc]\n smc_rx_splice+0x756/0xe20 [smc])\n smc_rx_recvmsg+0xa74/0xe00 [smc]\n smc_splice_read+0x1ce/0x3b0 [smc]\n sock_splice_read+0xa2/0xf0\n do_splice_read+0x198/0x240\n splice_file_to_pipe+0x7e/0x110\n do_splice+0x59e/0xde0\n __do_splice+0x11a/0x2d0\n __s390x_sys_splice+0x140/0x1f0\n __do_syscall+0x122/0x280\n system_call+0x6e/0x90\n\u00daltima direcci\u00f3n de evento de interrupci\u00f3n:\nsmc_rx_splice+0x960/0xe20 [smc]\n---[ fin de la traza 0000000000000000 ]---"
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-40012",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-10-20T16:15:37.937",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/14fc4fdae42e34d7ee871b292ac2ecc61c2c5de7"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a35c04de2565db191726b5741e6b66a35002c652"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5411685dc2f6ac7bdf01a0a204d56cae38c6cf6"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-07T13:32:27+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40012",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40012",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-20T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "200",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net/smc: fix warning in smc_rx_splice() when calling get_page()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40012.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.