CVE-2025-39986 (GCVE-0-2025-39986)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 07:56 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:06
VLAI
Title
can: sun4i_can: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: can: sun4i_can: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow Sending an PF_PACKET allows to bypass the CAN framework logic and to directly reach the xmit() function of a CAN driver. The only check which is performed by the PF_PACKET framework is to make sure that skb->len fits the interface's MTU. Unfortunately, because the sun4i_can driver does not populate its net_device_ops->ndo_change_mtu(), it is possible for an attacker to configure an invalid MTU by doing, for example: $ ip link set can0 mtu 9999 After doing so, the attacker could open a PF_PACKET socket using the ETH_P_CANXL protocol: socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_CANXL)) to inject a malicious CAN XL frames. For example: struct canxl_frame frame = { .flags = 0xff, .len = 2048, }; The CAN drivers' xmit() function are calling can_dev_dropped_skb() to check that the skb is valid, unfortunately under above conditions, the malicious packet is able to go through can_dev_dropped_skb() checks: 1. the skb->protocol is set to ETH_P_CANXL which is valid (the function does not check the actual device capabilities). 2. the length is a valid CAN XL length. And so, sun4ican_start_xmit() receives a CAN XL frame which it is not able to correctly handle and will thus misinterpret it as a CAN frame. This can result in a buffer overflow. The driver will consume cf->len as-is with no further checks on this line: dlc = cf->len; Here, cf->len corresponds to the flags field of the CAN XL frame. In our previous example, we set canxl_frame->flags to 0xff. Because the maximum expected length is 8, a buffer overflow of 247 bytes occurs a couple line below when doing: for (i = 0; i < dlc; i++) writel(cf->data[i], priv->base + (dreg + i * 4)); Populate net_device_ops->ndo_change_mtu() to ensure that the interface's MTU can not be set to anything bigger than CAN_MTU. By fixing the root cause, this prevents the buffer overflow.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158 , < 063539db42203b29d5aa2adf0cae3d68c646a6b6 (git)
Affected: 0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158 , < 4f382cc887adca8478b9d3e6b81aa6698a95fff4 (git)
Affected: 0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158 , < 60463a1c138900494cb3adae41142a11cd8feb3c (git)
Affected: 0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158 , < a61ff7ac93270d20ca426c027d6d01c8ac8e904c (git)
Affected: 0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158 , < 2e423e1990f3972cbea779883fef52c2f2acb858 (git)
Affected: 0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158 , < de77841652e57afbc46e9e1dbf51ee364fc008e1 (git)
Affected: 0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158 , < 7f7b21026a6febdb749f6f6f950427245aa86cce (git)
Affected: 0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158 , < 61da0bd4102c459823fbe6b8b43b01fb6ace4a22 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 4.4
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.300 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.245 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.194 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.155 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.109 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.50 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.10 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/can/sun4i_can.c"
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.245",
              "versionType": "semver"
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.194",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.155",
              "versionType": "semver"
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            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.109",
              "versionType": "semver"
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            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
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        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncan: sun4i_can: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow\n\nSending an PF_PACKET allows to bypass the CAN framework logic and to\ndirectly reach the xmit() function of a CAN driver. The only check\nwhich is performed by the PF_PACKET framework is to make sure that\nskb-\u003elen fits the interface\u0027s MTU.\n\nUnfortunately, because the sun4i_can driver does not populate its\nnet_device_ops-\u003endo_change_mtu(), it is possible for an attacker to\nconfigure an invalid MTU by doing, for example:\n\n  $ ip link set can0 mtu 9999\n\nAfter doing so, the attacker could open a PF_PACKET socket using the\nETH_P_CANXL protocol:\n\n\tsocket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_CANXL))\n\nto inject a malicious CAN XL frames. For example:\n\n\tstruct canxl_frame frame = {\n\t\t.flags = 0xff,\n\t\t.len = 2048,\n\t};\n\nThe CAN drivers\u0027 xmit() function are calling can_dev_dropped_skb() to\ncheck that the skb is valid, unfortunately under above conditions, the\nmalicious packet is able to go through can_dev_dropped_skb() checks:\n\n  1. the skb-\u003eprotocol is set to ETH_P_CANXL which is valid (the\n     function does not check the actual device capabilities).\n\n  2. the length is a valid CAN XL length.\n\nAnd so, sun4ican_start_xmit() receives a CAN XL frame which it is not\nable to correctly handle and will thus misinterpret it as a CAN frame.\n\nThis can result in a buffer overflow. The driver will consume cf-\u003elen\nas-is with no further checks on this line:\n\n\tdlc = cf-\u003elen;\n\nHere, cf-\u003elen corresponds to the flags field of the CAN XL frame. In\nour previous example, we set canxl_frame-\u003eflags to 0xff. Because the\nmaximum expected length is 8, a buffer overflow of 247 bytes occurs a\ncouple line below when doing:\n\n\tfor (i = 0; i \u003c dlc; i++)\n\t\twritel(cf-\u003edata[i], priv-\u003ebase + (dreg + i * 4));\n\nPopulate net_device_ops-\u003endo_change_mtu() to ensure that the\ninterface\u0027s MTU can not be set to anything bigger than CAN_MTU. By\nfixing the root cause, this prevents the buffer overflow."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Triggering requires local syscalls on the host \u2014 `socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_CANXL))` followed by `sendmsg()` to the can interface, reaching `sun4ican_start_xmit()` through `dev_queue_xmit()`. The bug is entirely in the TX path; a remote or adjacent CAN-bus peer is only the sink and cannot reach it.\nAC:L - The overflow is fully deterministic \u2014 `can_dropped_invalid_skb()` accepts an ETH_P_CANXL skb on a classic-CAN device, `canxl_frame.flags` is reinterpreted as `can_frame.len`, and the loop unconditionally walks up to 255 elements. No race, no memory-layout guessing, and no condition outside the attacker\u0027s control is involved.\nPR:L - The only gate is `ns_capable(net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_RAW)` in `packet_create()`, which is namespaced and granted by default in common container runtimes; because a 13\u201316 byte CAN XL frame already passes the default CAN_MTU check, the CAP_NET_ADMIN MTU change is not even needed. CAN netdevs are not netns-local, so a `can0` delegated into a container/user namespace lets an otherwise unprivileged user trigger this with no real root.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step alone \u2014 open the packet socket and send one malicious CAN XL frame to an up CAN interface. No victim action, no configuration change by an administrator, and no interaction of any kind is required.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds read and the runaway MMIO writes stay within the kernel of the same host; no VM, hypervisor, or IOMMU boundary is crossed. The vulnerable component and the impacted resources share a single security authority.\nC:H - With a minimal 13\u201316 byte skb the loop reads `cf-\u003edata[0..254]`, over-reading roughly 247 bytes of adjacent kernel heap past the packet data. That residue is pushed into the controller\u0027s registers and, with self-reception/loopback enabled, bytes beyond `skb-\u003elen` are echoed back to userspace, giving a repeatable kernel-memory disclosure primitive.\nI:H - Up to 254 attacker-influenced 32-bit stores land beyond the intended 8-byte TX buffer slot, overwriting the entire sun4i CAN register block (acceptance/readback/reserved registers) with out-of-bounds heap contents. This is a controlled out-of-bounds write that corrupts device state and, past `0x400`, writes to memory outside the ioremap mapping entirely.\nA:H - For `dlc` above 235 the write offset exceeds the `0x400` ioremap window, and since the mapping ends exactly on a page boundary the next page is the vmalloc guard page \u2014 an unmapped kernel VA store that produces an immediate oops/panic. The condition is re-triggerable at will from an unprivileged socket, and the register scribbling wedges the CAN controller even when the fault is avoided."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:53.662Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/063539db42203b29d5aa2adf0cae3d68c646a6b6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4f382cc887adca8478b9d3e6b81aa6698a95fff4"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/60463a1c138900494cb3adae41142a11cd8feb3c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a61ff7ac93270d20ca426c027d6d01c8ac8e904c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2e423e1990f3972cbea779883fef52c2f2acb858"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de77841652e57afbc46e9e1dbf51ee364fc008e1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7f7b21026a6febdb749f6f6f950427245aa86cce"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61da0bd4102c459823fbe6b8b43b01fb6ace4a22"
        }
      ],
      "title": "can: sun4i_can: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow",
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-39986",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-15T07:56:05.143Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.150Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:53.662Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39986",
      "date": "2026-08-08",
      "epss": "0.00161",
      "percentile": "0.05745"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-10-16T01:03:16.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39986",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-39986",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "can: sun4i_can: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-39986.json",
      "version": "1"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-39986\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-10-15T08:15:36.653\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:24:04.647\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Deferred\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\ncan: sun4i_can: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow\\n\\nSending an PF_PACKET allows to bypass the CAN framework logic and to\\ndirectly reach the xmit() function of a CAN driver. The only check\\nwhich is performed by the PF_PACKET framework is to make sure that\\nskb-\u003elen fits the interface\u0027s MTU.\\n\\nUnfortunately, because the sun4i_can driver does not populate its\\nnet_device_ops-\u003endo_change_mtu(), it is possible for an attacker to\\nconfigure an invalid MTU by doing, for example:\\n\\n  $ ip link set can0 mtu 9999\\n\\nAfter doing so, the attacker could open a PF_PACKET socket using the\\nETH_P_CANXL protocol:\\n\\n\\tsocket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_CANXL))\\n\\nto inject a malicious CAN XL frames. For example:\\n\\n\\tstruct canxl_frame frame = {\\n\\t\\t.flags = 0xff,\\n\\t\\t.len = 2048,\\n\\t};\\n\\nThe CAN drivers\u0027 xmit() function are calling can_dev_dropped_skb() to\\ncheck that the skb is valid, unfortunately under above conditions, the\\nmalicious packet is able to go through can_dev_dropped_skb() checks:\\n\\n  1. the skb-\u003eprotocol is set to ETH_P_CANXL which is valid (the\\n     function does not check the actual device capabilities).\\n\\n  2. the length is a valid CAN XL length.\\n\\nAnd so, sun4ican_start_xmit() receives a CAN XL frame which it is not\\nable to correctly handle and will thus misinterpret it as a CAN frame.\\n\\nThis can result in a buffer overflow. The driver will consume cf-\u003elen\\nas-is with no further checks on this line:\\n\\n\\tdlc = cf-\u003elen;\\n\\nHere, cf-\u003elen corresponds to the flags field of the CAN XL frame. In\\nour previous example, we set canxl_frame-\u003eflags to 0xff. Because the\\nmaximum expected length is 8, a buffer overflow of 247 bytes occurs a\\ncouple line below when doing:\\n\\n\\tfor (i = 0; i \u003c dlc; i++)\\n\\t\\twritel(cf-\u003edata[i], priv-\u003ebase + (dreg + i * 4));\\n\\nPopulate net_device_ops-\u003endo_change_mtu() to ensure that the\\ninterface\u0027s MTU can not be set to anything bigger than CAN_MTU. By\\nfixing the root cause, this prevents the buffer overflow.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/can/sun4i_can.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158\",\"lessThan\":\"063539db42203b29d5aa2adf0cae3d68c646a6b6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158\",\"lessThan\":\"4f382cc887adca8478b9d3e6b81aa6698a95fff4\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158\",\"lessThan\":\"60463a1c138900494cb3adae41142a11cd8feb3c\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158\",\"lessThan\":\"a61ff7ac93270d20ca426c027d6d01c8ac8e904c\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158\",\"lessThan\":\"2e423e1990f3972cbea779883fef52c2f2acb858\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158\",\"lessThan\":\"de77841652e57afbc46e9e1dbf51ee364fc008e1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158\",\"lessThan\":\"7f7b21026a6febdb749f6f6f950427245aa86cce\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0738eff14d817a02ab082c392c96a1613006f158\",\"lessThan\":\"61da0bd4102c459823fbe6b8b43b01fb6ace4a22\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/can/sun4i_can.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.4\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.4\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.300\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.245\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.194\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.155\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.109\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.50\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.10\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/063539db42203b29d5aa2adf0cae3d68c646a6b6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2e423e1990f3972cbea779883fef52c2f2acb858\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4f382cc887adca8478b9d3e6b81aa6698a95fff4\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/60463a1c138900494cb3adae41142a11cd8feb3c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61da0bd4102c459823fbe6b8b43b01fb6ace4a22\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7f7b21026a6febdb749f6f6f950427245aa86cce\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a61ff7ac93270d20ca426c027d6d01c8ac8e904c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de77841652e57afbc46e9e1dbf51ee364fc008e1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:18:48+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39986",
      "id": "CVE-2025-39986",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-15T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: can: sun4i_can: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39986.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.