CVE-2025-39978 (GCVE-0-2025-39978)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 07:55 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
octeontx2-pf: Fix potential use after free in otx2_tc_add_flow()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
octeontx2-pf: Fix potential use after free in otx2_tc_add_flow()
This code calls kfree_rcu(new_node, rcu) and then dereferences "new_node"
and then dereferences it on the next line. Two lines later, we take
a mutex so I don't think this is an RCU safe region. Re-order it to do
the dereferences before queuing up the free.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
68fbff68dbea35f9e6f7649dd22fce492a5aedac , < 5723120423a753a220b8b2954b273838b9d7e74a
(git)
Affected: 68fbff68dbea35f9e6f7649dd22fce492a5aedac , < df2c071061ed52d2225d97b212d27ecedf456b8a (git) Affected: 68fbff68dbea35f9e6f7649dd22fce492a5aedac , < c41b2941a024d4ec7c768e16ffb10a74b188fced (git) Affected: 68fbff68dbea35f9e6f7649dd22fce492a5aedac , < a8a63f27c3a8a3714210d32b12fd0f16d0337414 (git) Affected: 68fbff68dbea35f9e6f7649dd22fce492a5aedac , < d9c70e93ec5988ab07ad2a92d9f9d12867f02c56 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.14
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.14 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.155 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.109 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.50 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.10 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed |
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"version": "6.16.10",
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},
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"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nocteontx2-pf: Fix potential use after free in otx2_tc_add_flow()\n\nThis code calls kfree_rcu(new_node, rcu) and then dereferences \"new_node\"\nand then dereferences it on the next line. Two lines later, we take\na mutex so I don\u0027t think this is an RCU safe region. Re-order it to do\nthe dereferences before queuing up the free."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached only through a local `RTM_NEWTFILTER` netlink message installing a tc flower filter with a police action on an octeontx2 PF/VF/representor netdev. There is no remote packet-processing path into `otx2_tc_add_flow()`.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically forces the `free_leaf:` error path by installing police-action flower rules until MCAM/mbox resources are exhausted, and widens the RCU grace-period window at will by contending `nic-\u003embox.lock` from a second thread so `mutex_lock()` sleeps. Both the free and the reclaim/spray side are under attacker control.\nPR:L - Only CAP_NET_ADMIN over the netns owning the device is needed, and `otx2_setup_tc` is shared by the VF (`otx2_vf.c:535`) and representor (`rep.c:495`) drivers, whose netdevs are commonly delegated into container netns owned by unprivileged user namespaces where container-root holds CAP_NET_ADMIN with no init-namespace privilege.\nUI:N - The entire sequence is driven by the attacker\u0027s own netlink filter-install requests. No victim action or cooperation is involved.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap and driver state within the same kernel security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The freed `struct otx2_tc_flow` is read back after reclaim, giving a read primitive over whatever slab object replaced it, and the stale `rq`/`leaf_profile` values are further exposed to userspace through `netdev_err()` kernel-log messages.\nI:H - `__clear_bit(new_node-\u003erq, \u0026nic-\u003erq_bmap)` uses a UAF-derived u16 index against a single `unsigned long`, yielding an out-of-bounds bit clear up to ~8 KB into and past `struct otx2_nic` (mbox state, queue and function pointers), and the stale `leaf_profile` makes firmware tear down another flow\u0027s hardware policer, silently defeating QoS/rate-limit enforcement.\nA:H - A use-after-free on a slab object combined with an out-of-bounds bit clear into the driver\u0027s private structure reliably oopses the kernel or wedges the NIC\u0027s mailbox/queue state, and the attacker can repeat it at will."
}
]
}
],
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nocteontx2-pf: Fix potential use after free in otx2_tc_add_flow()\n\nThis code calls kfree_rcu(new_node, rcu) and then dereferences \"new_node\"\nand then dereferences it on the next line. Two lines later, we take\na mutex so I don\u0027t think this is an RCU safe region. Re-order it to do\nthe dereferences before queuing up the free."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-39978",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:03.817",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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},
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"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
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},
"published": "2025-10-15T08:15:35.640",
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"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:57:21+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-39978",
"id": "CVE-2025-39978",
"initial_release_date": "2025-10-15T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "184",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: octeontx2-pf: Fix potential use after free in otx2_tc_add_flow()",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39978.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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