CVE-2025-39969 (GCVE-0-2025-39969)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 07:55 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
i40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
i40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources
VF state I40E_VF_STATE_ACTIVE is not the only state in which
VF is actually active so it should not be used to determine
if a VF is allowed to obtain resources.
Use I40E_VF_STATE_RESOURCES_LOADED that is set only in
i40e_vc_get_vf_resources_msg() and cleared during reset.
Severity
8.8 (High)
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
171527da84149c2c7aa6a60a64b09d24f3546298 , < 185745d56ec958bf8aa773828213237dfcc32f5a
(git)
Affected: eb87117c27e729b0aeef4d72ed40d6a1761b0f68 , < f47876788a23de296c42ef9d505b5c1630f0b4b8 (git) Affected: 2132643b956f553f5abddc9bae20dae267b082e0 , < 8e35c80f8570426fe0f0cc92b151ebd835975f22 (git) Affected: 61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516 , < 6c3981fd59ef11a75005ac9978f034da5a168b6a (git) Affected: 61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516 , < e748f1ee493f88e38b77363a60499f979d42c58a (git) Affected: 61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516 , < 6128bbc7adc25c87c2f64b5eb66a280b78ef7ab7 (git) Affected: 61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516 , < a991dc56d3e9a2c3db87d0c3f03c24f6595400f1 (git) Affected: 61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516 , < 877b7e6ffc23766448236e8732254534c518ba42 (git) Affected: 5.4.165 , < 5.4.300 (semver) Affected: 5.10.85 , < 5.10.245 (semver) Affected: 5.15.8 , < 5.15.194 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.16
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.16 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.300 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.245 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.194 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.155 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.109 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.50 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.10 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c",
"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "171527da84149c2c7aa6a60a64b09d24f3546298",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"version": "eb87117c27e729b0aeef4d72ed40d6a1761b0f68",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "2132643b956f553f5abddc9bae20dae267b082e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"version": "61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"version": "61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
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{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "5.10.85",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "5.15.8",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c",
"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.16"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.300",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.245",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.194",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.155",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.109",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.50",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16.10",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.4.300",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.4.165",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.245",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.10.85",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
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"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.194",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.15.8",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.50",
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"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.16.10",
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"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.16",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ni40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources\n\nVF state I40E_VF_STATE_ACTIVE is not the only state in which\nVF is actually active so it should not be used to determine\nif a VF is allowed to obtain resources.\n\nUse I40E_VF_STATE_RESOURCES_LOADED that is set only in\ni40e_vc_get_vf_resources_msg() and cleared during reset."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The attack is delivered over the i40e SR-IOV virtchnl mailbox by a VF the attacker already controls (guest VM with VF passthrough, or a VFIO-owning container), not over any network protocol. This is local access from the attacking context into the host PF driver.\nAC:L - `VIRTCHNL_OP_GET_VF_RESOURCES` is accepted unconditionally whenever `I40E_VF_STATE_INIT` is set, so the VF can replay it deterministically at any time with no grooming; the deterministic damage (filter teardown, `driver_caps`/`RDMAENA` reset, spurious `ACTIVE`) needs no race at all, and the freed-VSI window is widened by the handler\u0027s own `GFP_KERNEL` sleep, which the attacker can hammer at will.\nPR:L - The attacker only needs the ability to drive the VF\u0027s admin queue \u2014 kernel/root inside the assigned guest or possession of the VFIO device \u2014 which is a low-privileged position with respect to the host PF driver under attack. No host-side privileges are required.\nUI:N - The malicious VF sends the virtchnl messages entirely on its own initiative. No host administrator or other user action is needed at any point.\nS:C - The attacker executes in a guest VM (or VF-assigned container) while the corrupted state, the freed-VSI accesses, and the MAC-filter/MMIO programming all occur in the host PF driver\u0027s security authority. Impact reaches the hypervisor and other VFs/guests sharing the adapter, crossing the guest/host boundary.\nC:H - The unserialized handler reads `vsi-\u003einfo.pvid`, `vsi-\u003ealloc_queue_pairs` and `vsi-\u003einfo.qs_handle[0]` from a VSI that `i40e_free_vf_res()` may have already released and echoes those values back to the guest in the `virtchnl_vf_resource` reply, turning a use-after-free read into a direct host-memory disclosure channel. The VF can also read back state belonging to the PF\u0027s main VSI when `lan_vsi_idx` has been zeroed.\nI:H - The same path performs `spin_lock_bh(\u0026vsi-\u003emac_filter_hash_lock)` and `i40e_del_mac_filter()` \u2014 lock and hash-list writes \u2014 on freed memory, a classic UAF write primitive, and can be aimed at `pf-\u003evsi[0]` (the host\u0027s main VSI) to delete the host\u0027s own L2 filters. Re-toggling `I40E_VF_STATE_RDMAENA` additionally re-opens `i40e_config_rdma_qvlist()`, which programs `I40E_VPINT_CEQCTL` from an unvalidated VF-supplied index.\nA:H - Dereferencing a released `struct i40e_vsi` and taking a spinlock inside freed memory will oops or panic the host kernel, and tearing down a live VF\u0027s MAC filters plus corrupting the PF\u0027s ACTIVE/RDMA state wedges networking for that VF and the adapter. A host panic takes down the hypervisor and every guest on it, and the VF can retrigger the condition indefinitely."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:38.466Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
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"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/185745d56ec958bf8aa773828213237dfcc32f5a"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f47876788a23de296c42ef9d505b5c1630f0b4b8"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8e35c80f8570426fe0f0cc92b151ebd835975f22"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c3981fd59ef11a75005ac9978f034da5a168b6a"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e748f1ee493f88e38b77363a60499f979d42c58a"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6128bbc7adc25c87c2f64b5eb66a280b78ef7ab7"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a991dc56d3e9a2c3db87d0c3f03c24f6595400f1"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/877b7e6ffc23766448236e8732254534c518ba42"
}
],
"title": "i40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-39969",
"datePublished": "2025-10-15T07:55:52.948Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.149Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:38.466Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-39969",
"date": "2026-09-24",
"epss": "0.00154",
"percentile": "0.03841"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-10-16T01:02:04.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-39969",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-39969",
"initial_release_date": "2025-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:fixed": "1",
"product_status:known_affected": "2",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "i40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-39969.json",
"version": "1"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c",
"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
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{
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
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{
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "877b7e6ffc23766448236e8732254534c518ba42",
"status": "affected",
"version": "61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.4.300",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.165",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.10.245",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.10.85",
"versionType": "semver"
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{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "5.15.8",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c",
"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.16"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.16",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.300",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.245",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.194",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.155",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.109",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.50",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16.10",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ni40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources\n\nVF state I40E_VF_STATE_ACTIVE is not the only state in which\nVF is actually active so it should not be used to determine\nif a VF is allowed to obtain resources.\n\nUse I40E_VF_STATE_RESOURCES_LOADED that is set only in\ni40e_vc_get_vf_resources_msg() and cleared during reset."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-39969",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:02.640",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.0,
"impactScore": 6.0,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-10-15T08:15:34.483",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/185745d56ec958bf8aa773828213237dfcc32f5a"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6128bbc7adc25c87c2f64b5eb66a280b78ef7ab7"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c3981fd59ef11a75005ac9978f034da5a168b6a"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/877b7e6ffc23766448236e8732254534c518ba42"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8e35c80f8570426fe0f0cc92b151ebd835975f22"
},
{
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a991dc56d3e9a2c3db87d0c3f03c24f6595400f1"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e748f1ee493f88e38b77363a60499f979d42c58a"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f47876788a23de296c42ef9d505b5c1630f0b4b8"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:54:11+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-39969",
"id": "CVE-2025-39969",
"initial_release_date": "2025-10-15T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "232",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: i40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39969.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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