GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2025-39949 (GCVE-0-2025-39949)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-04 07:31 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:06
VLAI
Title
qed: Don't collect too many protection override GRC elements
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: qed: Don't collect too many protection override GRC elements In the protection override dump path, the firmware can return far too many GRC elements, resulting in attempting to write past the end of the previously-kmalloc'ed dump buffer. This will result in a kernel panic with reason: BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ADDRESS where "ADDRESS" is just past the end of the protection override dump buffer. The start address of the buffer is: p_hwfn->cdev->dbg_features[DBG_FEATURE_PROTECTION_OVERRIDE].dump_buf and the size of the buffer is buf_size in the same data structure. The panic can be arrived at from either the qede Ethernet driver path: [exception RIP: qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108] qed_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc02662ed [qed] qed_dbg_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc0267792 [qed] qed_dbg_feature at ffffffffc026aa8f [qed] qed_dbg_all_data at ffffffffc026b211 [qed] qed_fw_fatal_reporter_dump at ffffffffc027298a [qed] devlink_health_do_dump at ffffffff82497f61 devlink_health_report at ffffffff8249cf29 qed_report_fatal_error at ffffffffc0272baf [qed] qede_sp_task at ffffffffc045ed32 [qede] process_one_work at ffffffff81d19783 or the qedf storage driver path: [exception RIP: qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108] qed_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc068b2ed [qed] qed_dbg_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc068c792 [qed] qed_dbg_feature at ffffffffc068fa8f [qed] qed_dbg_all_data at ffffffffc0690211 [qed] qed_fw_fatal_reporter_dump at ffffffffc069798a [qed] devlink_health_do_dump at ffffffff8aa95e51 devlink_health_report at ffffffff8aa9ae19 qed_report_fatal_error at ffffffffc0697baf [qed] qed_hw_err_notify at ffffffffc06d32d7 [qed] qed_spq_post at ffffffffc06b1011 [qed] qed_fcoe_destroy_conn at ffffffffc06b2e91 [qed] qedf_cleanup_fcport at ffffffffc05e7597 [qedf] qedf_rport_event_handler at ffffffffc05e7bf7 [qedf] fc_rport_work at ffffffffc02da715 [libfc] process_one_work at ffffffff8a319663 Resolve this by clamping the firmware's return value to the maximum number of legal elements the firmware should return.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 20:42 UTC
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f , < 25672c620421fa2105703a94a29a03487245e6d6 (git)
Affected: d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f , < e0e24571a7b2f8c8f06e25d3417253ebbdbc8d5c (git)
Affected: d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f , < 8141910869596b7a3a5d9b46107da2191d523f82 (git)
Affected: d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f , < ea53e6a47e148b490b1c652fc65d2de5a086df76 (git)
Affected: d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f , < 660b2a8f5a306a28c7efc1b4990ecc4912a68f87 (git)
Affected: d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f , < 70affe82e38fd3dc76b9c68b5a1989f11e7fa0f3 (git)
Affected: d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f , < 56c0a2a9ddc2f5b5078c5fb0f81ab76bbc3d4c37 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 4.18
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.18 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.245 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.194 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.154 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.108 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.49 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.9 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-39949",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:42:03.679613Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-11T18:44:18.906Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qed/qed_debug.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "25672c620421fa2105703a94a29a03487245e6d6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "e0e24571a7b2f8c8f06e25d3417253ebbdbc8d5c",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "8141910869596b7a3a5d9b46107da2191d523f82",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "ea53e6a47e148b490b1c652fc65d2de5a086df76",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "660b2a8f5a306a28c7efc1b4990ecc4912a68f87",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "70affe82e38fd3dc76b9c68b5a1989f11e7fa0f3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "56c0a2a9ddc2f5b5078c5fb0f81ab76bbc3d4c37",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qed/qed_debug.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.18"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.18",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.245",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.194",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.154",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.108",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.49",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16.9",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.245",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.18",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.194",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.18",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.154",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.18",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.108",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.18",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.49",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.18",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.9",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.18",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.18",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nqed: Don\u0027t collect too many protection override GRC elements\n\nIn the protection override dump path, the firmware can return far too\nmany GRC elements, resulting in attempting to write past the end of the\npreviously-kmalloc\u0027ed dump buffer.\n\nThis will result in a kernel panic with reason:\n\n BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ADDRESS\n\nwhere \"ADDRESS\" is just past the end of the protection override dump\nbuffer. The start address of the buffer is:\n p_hwfn-\u003ecdev-\u003edbg_features[DBG_FEATURE_PROTECTION_OVERRIDE].dump_buf\nand the size of the buffer is buf_size in the same data structure.\n\nThe panic can be arrived at from either the qede Ethernet driver path:\n\n    [exception RIP: qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108]\n qed_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc02662ed [qed]\n qed_dbg_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc0267792 [qed]\n qed_dbg_feature at ffffffffc026aa8f [qed]\n qed_dbg_all_data at ffffffffc026b211 [qed]\n qed_fw_fatal_reporter_dump at ffffffffc027298a [qed]\n devlink_health_do_dump at ffffffff82497f61\n devlink_health_report at ffffffff8249cf29\n qed_report_fatal_error at ffffffffc0272baf [qed]\n qede_sp_task at ffffffffc045ed32 [qede]\n process_one_work at ffffffff81d19783\n\nor the qedf storage driver path:\n\n    [exception RIP: qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108]\n qed_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc068b2ed [qed]\n qed_dbg_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc068c792 [qed]\n qed_dbg_feature at ffffffffc068fa8f [qed]\n qed_dbg_all_data at ffffffffc0690211 [qed]\n qed_fw_fatal_reporter_dump at ffffffffc069798a [qed]\n devlink_health_do_dump at ffffffff8aa95e51\n devlink_health_report at ffffffff8aa9ae19\n qed_report_fatal_error at ffffffffc0697baf [qed]\n qed_hw_err_notify at ffffffffc06d32d7 [qed]\n qed_spq_post at ffffffffc06b1011 [qed]\n qed_fcoe_destroy_conn at ffffffffc06b2e91 [qed]\n qedf_cleanup_fcport at ffffffffc05e7597 [qedf]\n qedf_rport_event_handler at ffffffffc05e7bf7 [qedf]\n fc_rport_work at ffffffffc02da715 [libfc]\n process_one_work at ffffffff8a319663\n\nResolve this by clamping the firmware\u0027s return value to the maximum\nnumber of legal elements the firmware should return."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The overflow is reached through local interfaces \u2014 the ethtool ioctl (ETHTOOL_GREGS / ETHTOOL_GET_DUMP_DATA) on the qede PF netdev, or the devlink health dump netlink command \u2014 not from any remotely supplied data. No network peer input reaches `qed_protection_override_dump()`.\nAC:L - Once the adapter is in the state where the firmware reports more than 20 valid override-window elements \u2014 a recurring real-world condition evidenced by production panics from two independent driver paths (qede and qedf) \u2014 an attacker triggers the unclamped write deterministically by simply issuing `ethtool -d`, with no race to win and no memory-layout grooming required.\nPR:L - `ETHTOOL_GREGS`/`ETHTOOL_GET_DUMP_DATA` fall through to `ns_capable(net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)` in net/ethtool/ioctl.c:3304, which is user-namespace scoped, so a host-unprivileged user who is root in a userns-owned netns holding the delegated PF can invoke the dump; no real init-namespace root is needed.\nUI:N - The attacker issues the ethtool/devlink dump themselves with no victim participation, and the qed_report_fatal_error() \u2192 devlink_health_report() path reaches the same code with no user action whatsoever.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds write corrupts kernel memory within the same security authority as the kernel itself; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Beyond the write, the inflated `dumped_dwords` makes `format_feature()` decode data past the end of the undersized buffer and `qed_dbg_all_data()` mis-advance its offset, so adjacent kernel memory is parsed into the regdump/results text returned to userspace \u2014 an unbounded kernel memory disclosure primitive.\nI:H - This is an unbounded out-of-bounds write: the firmware-supplied element count multiplied by 2 is used directly as the dword length written into a 40-dword buffer, overwriting adjacent kernel memory with device register content, and the inflated size also drives further OOB writes into the outer caller buffer.\nA:H - The commit documents the concrete outcome as a kernel panic \u2014 \"BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request\" at `qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108` \u2014 observed in the field from both the qede Ethernet and qedf FCoE dump paths."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:23.545Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/25672c620421fa2105703a94a29a03487245e6d6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e0e24571a7b2f8c8f06e25d3417253ebbdbc8d5c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8141910869596b7a3a5d9b46107da2191d523f82"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea53e6a47e148b490b1c652fc65d2de5a086df76"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/660b2a8f5a306a28c7efc1b4990ecc4912a68f87"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70affe82e38fd3dc76b9c68b5a1989f11e7fa0f3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56c0a2a9ddc2f5b5078c5fb0f81ab76bbc3d4c37"
        }
      ],
      "title": "qed: Don\u0027t collect too many protection override GRC elements",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-39949",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-04T07:31:10.164Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.148Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:23.545Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39949",
      "date": "2026-09-17",
      "epss": "0.00154",
      "percentile": "0.04984"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-10-05T01:02:48.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39949",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-39949",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "1",
      "product_status:known_affected": "2",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "qed: Don\u0027t collect too many protection override GRC elements",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-39949.json",
      "version": "1"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-39949\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-10-04T08:15:48.120\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:24:00.110\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nqed: Don\u0027t collect too many protection override GRC elements\\n\\nIn the protection override dump path, the firmware can return far too\\nmany GRC elements, resulting in attempting to write past the end of the\\npreviously-kmalloc\u0027ed dump buffer.\\n\\nThis will result in a kernel panic with reason:\\n\\n BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ADDRESS\\n\\nwhere \\\"ADDRESS\\\" is just past the end of the protection override dump\\nbuffer. The start address of the buffer is:\\n p_hwfn-\u003ecdev-\u003edbg_features[DBG_FEATURE_PROTECTION_OVERRIDE].dump_buf\\nand the size of the buffer is buf_size in the same data structure.\\n\\nThe panic can be arrived at from either the qede Ethernet driver path:\\n\\n    [exception RIP: qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108]\\n qed_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc02662ed [qed]\\n qed_dbg_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc0267792 [qed]\\n qed_dbg_feature at ffffffffc026aa8f [qed]\\n qed_dbg_all_data at ffffffffc026b211 [qed]\\n qed_fw_fatal_reporter_dump at ffffffffc027298a [qed]\\n devlink_health_do_dump at ffffffff82497f61\\n devlink_health_report at ffffffff8249cf29\\n qed_report_fatal_error at ffffffffc0272baf [qed]\\n qede_sp_task at ffffffffc045ed32 [qede]\\n process_one_work at ffffffff81d19783\\n\\nor the qedf storage driver path:\\n\\n    [exception RIP: qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108]\\n qed_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc068b2ed [qed]\\n qed_dbg_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc068c792 [qed]\\n qed_dbg_feature at ffffffffc068fa8f [qed]\\n qed_dbg_all_data at ffffffffc0690211 [qed]\\n qed_fw_fatal_reporter_dump at ffffffffc069798a [qed]\\n devlink_health_do_dump at ffffffff8aa95e51\\n devlink_health_report at ffffffff8aa9ae19\\n qed_report_fatal_error at ffffffffc0697baf [qed]\\n qed_hw_err_notify at ffffffffc06d32d7 [qed]\\n qed_spq_post at ffffffffc06b1011 [qed]\\n qed_fcoe_destroy_conn at ffffffffc06b2e91 [qed]\\n qedf_cleanup_fcport at ffffffffc05e7597 [qedf]\\n qedf_rport_event_handler at ffffffffc05e7bf7 [qedf]\\n fc_rport_work at ffffffffc02da715 [libfc]\\n process_one_work at ffffffff8a319663\\n\\nResolve this by clamping the firmware\u0027s return value to the maximum\\nnumber of legal elements the firmware should return.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qed/qed_debug.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\",\"lessThan\":\"25672c620421fa2105703a94a29a03487245e6d6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\",\"lessThan\":\"e0e24571a7b2f8c8f06e25d3417253ebbdbc8d5c\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\",\"lessThan\":\"8141910869596b7a3a5d9b46107da2191d523f82\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\",\"lessThan\":\"ea53e6a47e148b490b1c652fc65d2de5a086df76\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\",\"lessThan\":\"660b2a8f5a306a28c7efc1b4990ecc4912a68f87\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\",\"lessThan\":\"70affe82e38fd3dc76b9c68b5a1989f11e7fa0f3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\",\"lessThan\":\"56c0a2a9ddc2f5b5078c5fb0f81ab76bbc3d4c37\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qed/qed_debug.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.18\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.18\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.245\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.194\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.154\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.108\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.49\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.9\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-06-10T20:42:03.679613Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-39949\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.18\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.245\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"3DA1F31D-AAEA-4546-B3EA-9BB5D4BAB7F8\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.194\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"CF862263-DC8D-4324-A52A-DA1D7880B35A\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.154\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E49CD91E-FC55-45B0-BB63-9AD5F5D70CAA\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.108\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A7E8EAEE-7731-4996-9578-696255D61EA2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.49\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"CAA033E9-A2C5-4976-A83E-9804D8FB827F\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.16.9\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"638DD910-1189-4F5E-98BF-2D436B695112\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"327D22EF-390B-454C-BD31-2ED23C998A1C\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C730CD9A-D969-4A8E-9522-162AAF7C0EE9\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"39982C4B-716E-4B2F-8196-FA301F47807D\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"340BEEA9-D70D-4290-B502-FBB1032353B1\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"47E4C5C0-079F-4838-971B-8C503D48FCC2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5A4516A6-C12E-42A4-8C0E-68AEF3264504\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/25672c620421fa2105703a94a29a03487245e6d6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56c0a2a9ddc2f5b5078c5fb0f81ab76bbc3d4c37\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/660b2a8f5a306a28c7efc1b4990ecc4912a68f87\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70affe82e38fd3dc76b9c68b5a1989f11e7fa0f3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8141910869596b7a3a5d9b46107da2191d523f82\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e0e24571a7b2f8c8f06e25d3417253ebbdbc8d5c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea53e6a47e148b490b1c652fc65d2de5a086df76\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-14T18:43:50+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39949",
      "id": "CVE-2025-39949",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-04T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "260",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: qed: Don\u0027t collect too many protection override GRC elements",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39949.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-39949\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-10T20:42:03.679613Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-11T17:38:59.933Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"qed: Don\u0027t collect too many protection override GRC elements\", \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\", \"lessThan\": \"25672c620421fa2105703a94a29a03487245e6d6\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\", \"lessThan\": \"e0e24571a7b2f8c8f06e25d3417253ebbdbc8d5c\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\", \"lessThan\": \"8141910869596b7a3a5d9b46107da2191d523f82\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\", \"lessThan\": \"ea53e6a47e148b490b1c652fc65d2de5a086df76\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\", \"lessThan\": \"660b2a8f5a306a28c7efc1b4990ecc4912a68f87\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\", \"lessThan\": \"70affe82e38fd3dc76b9c68b5a1989f11e7fa0f3\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f\", \"lessThan\": \"56c0a2a9ddc2f5b5078c5fb0f81ab76bbc3d4c37\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qed/qed_debug.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.18\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.18\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.245\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.194\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.154\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.108\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.49\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.16.9\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.16.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.17\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qed/qed_debug.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/25672c620421fa2105703a94a29a03487245e6d6\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e0e24571a7b2f8c8f06e25d3417253ebbdbc8d5c\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8141910869596b7a3a5d9b46107da2191d523f82\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea53e6a47e148b490b1c652fc65d2de5a086df76\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/660b2a8f5a306a28c7efc1b4990ecc4912a68f87\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70affe82e38fd3dc76b9c68b5a1989f11e7fa0f3\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56c0a2a9ddc2f5b5078c5fb0f81ab76bbc3d4c37\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nqed: Don\u0027t collect too many protection override GRC elements\\n\\nIn the protection override dump path, the firmware can return far too\\nmany GRC elements, resulting in attempting to write past the end of the\\npreviously-kmalloc\u0027ed dump buffer.\\n\\nThis will result in a kernel panic with reason:\\n\\n BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ADDRESS\\n\\nwhere \\\"ADDRESS\\\" is just past the end of the protection override dump\\nbuffer. The start address of the buffer is:\\n p_hwfn-\u003ecdev-\u003edbg_features[DBG_FEATURE_PROTECTION_OVERRIDE].dump_buf\\nand the size of the buffer is buf_size in the same data structure.\\n\\nThe panic can be arrived at from either the qede Ethernet driver path:\\n\\n    [exception RIP: qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108]\\n qed_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc02662ed [qed]\\n qed_dbg_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc0267792 [qed]\\n qed_dbg_feature at ffffffffc026aa8f [qed]\\n qed_dbg_all_data at ffffffffc026b211 [qed]\\n qed_fw_fatal_reporter_dump at ffffffffc027298a [qed]\\n devlink_health_do_dump at ffffffff82497f61\\n devlink_health_report at ffffffff8249cf29\\n qed_report_fatal_error at ffffffffc0272baf [qed]\\n qede_sp_task at ffffffffc045ed32 [qede]\\n process_one_work at ffffffff81d19783\\n\\nor the qedf storage driver path:\\n\\n    [exception RIP: qed_grc_dump_addr_range+0x108]\\n qed_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc068b2ed [qed]\\n qed_dbg_protection_override_dump at ffffffffc068c792 [qed]\\n qed_dbg_feature at ffffffffc068fa8f [qed]\\n qed_dbg_all_data at ffffffffc0690211 [qed]\\n qed_fw_fatal_reporter_dump at ffffffffc069798a [qed]\\n devlink_health_do_dump at ffffffff8aa95e51\\n devlink_health_report at ffffffff8aa9ae19\\n qed_report_fatal_error at ffffffffc0697baf [qed]\\n qed_hw_err_notify at ffffffffc06d32d7 [qed]\\n qed_spq_post at ffffffffc06b1011 [qed]\\n qed_fcoe_destroy_conn at ffffffffc06b2e91 [qed]\\n qedf_cleanup_fcport at ffffffffc05e7597 [qedf]\\n qedf_rport_event_handler at ffffffffc05e7bf7 [qedf]\\n fc_rport_work at ffffffffc02da715 [libfc]\\n process_one_work at ffffffff8a319663\\n\\nResolve this by clamping the firmware\u0027s return value to the maximum\\nnumber of legal elements the firmware should return.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.245\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.194\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.154\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.108\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.49\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.16.9\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.17\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.18\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-11T21:39:32.422Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-39949\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-11T18:44:18.906Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-04-16T07:20:57.148Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-10-04T07:31:10.164Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.